I-Pediculosis - kuyini, izimpawu, ukwelashwa kwasekhaya nokuvimbela

Send

Abazali, izingane zabo ezifunda enkulisa noma esikoleni, bezwile ngezintwala zekhanda. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi ziyini izintwala zekhanda, izimbangela, izimpawu nezindlela zokwelapha lesi sifo ekhaya.

Izintwala zekhanda yisifo sesikhumba esidalwa intwala yomuntu. Intwala yisinambuzane esincane esilimaza isikhumba nezingubo.

Izintwala zikhubaza izilwane ezincelisayo kuphela. Baphuza igazi lomphathi, baphinde bazalane ngamaqanda, anamathiselwe ezinweleni. Ubuntu buhlangane nezintwala isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi semivubukulo, abavubukuli bathola izinambuzane ezomisiwe ezivela kwizidumbu zomzimba zaseGibhithe. Ulwazi lokuqala ngezintwala lutholakala kumarekhodi ka-Aristotle, aneminyaka engaba ngu-2500 ubudala.

Ekhulwini le-XXI, emazweni aseYurophu, inani eliphakeme lezintwala ekhanda lingo-Agasti, lapho izingane zibuya emakamu ehlobo. Kukhona ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo ezindaweni zokubeletha, enkulisa nasezikoleni. Abantu banamuhla baphila ezimweni ezingcono zenhlalo-mnotho kunokhokho babo. Inhlalakahle yempahla nayo inyukile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinga lokuhlaselwa yizintwala ekhanda lihlala likhula njalo. Kwamanye amazwe, lesi sifo siwumqedazwe.

Intwala ekhanda yisinambuzane esincane esifika ekhanda ngesikhathi sokuxhumana okusondelene nesiguli, lapho sisebenzisa ikamu laso, isigqoko ekhanda nokunye okungokwakho. Kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, izintwala ekhanda azivamile ukuvela ngenxa yokwakheka kwezinwele.

Izintwala zabantu abadala azigxumi noma zindiza, kodwa ziyakhasa. Lapho sebefinyelele enhlokweni yezinwele enempilo, banda ngokushesha, bebeka amaqanda - izakhi. Kusetshenziswa i-chitin, banamathisela izinti kushaft yezinwele.

Isikhathi sokuphila sentwala ekhanda siyinyanga eyodwa. Umuntu omdala ubekela amaqanda afika kwayishumi ngosuku, aphenduka abantu abangakavuthwa eminyakeni eyishumi eyodwa. Ngemuva kwelinye isonto, ukuvuthwa kuyaphela.

Ngokwezibalo, wonke umuntu wesihlanu ubhekene nezintwala ekhanda, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uphakathi ezingeni elinjani emphakathini. Ngakho-ke, isitatimende sokuthi izintwala yisifo samalungu omphakathi antulayo asilungile.

Izimpawu nezimbangela zezintwala ekhanda

I-Pediculosis yisifo esingajabulisi, awukwazi ukuphikisana nalokho. Umuntu onegciwane uthola ukungakhululeki okukhulu kuphela ngokwazi ukuthi izimuncagazi ezincane ezilumayo zihlala emzimbeni wakhe. Umphakathi unikeza amalebuli amabi izintwala ekhanda, ngenxa yalokho abantu banamahloni okubika lesi sifo futhi bathi izimbangela zezinkinga ukungavikeleki kahle komzimba kanye nengcindezi enkulu.

Kwabaningi, izintwala zidala ukwesaba okukhulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanelekile ukwesaba izinkinga eziyingozi isifo esingaholela kuzo. Izintwala zivame ukuphatha i-rickettsiosis ne-typhus.

Ungazithathaphi izintwala zekhanda

Ukudluliswa kwezinambuzane kwenziwa yizixuku. Izintwala zinamathuba amaningi okuthi zihlale ezinweleni ezihlanzekile, ngoba ezimweni ezinjalo kulula kubo ukuthola ukudla nokuzala.
Ungakuthola ukutheleleka endaweni yokucwala izinwele, echibini lokubhukuda, esibhedlela, endlini yokugezela noma esitimeleni. Ngisho nasekheshini lesakhiwo esijwayelekile sefulethi.
Ukusabalala kwezintwala kwenziwa yizifo eziwumshayabhuqe, izimpi, iziteleka zendlala, lapho kunzima ukugcina inhlanzeko.

Uma ufunda ngokucophelela uhlu olubekiwe, ungabona ukuthi izizathu zokuvela kwezintwala zingokwenhlalo. I-Pediculosis ivela lapho ixhumana nomuntu onegciwane, eqenjini labantu, lapho kungekho khona inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.

Isikhathi sesikhathi esifihlekile sokuthuthukiswa kwezintwala yizinyanga eziyi-1-1.5. Lesi sikhathi sanele ukuthi owesifazane abeke inani elikhulu lamaqanda. Kamuva, kuzovela izigaxa ezincane, lapho, kanye nezinambuzane ezindala, ziqala ukondla ngenkuthalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpawu zezintwala zekhanda ziyavela. Bona, njengengulube ebandayo noma yenkukhu, baningi.

Izimpawu

Izindawo zokuluma ziluma kakhulu. Ngendlela yesifo esidlangalaleni, ukulunywa kuyaqina ebusuku, ngezintwala zekhanda, akubekezeleleki. Ngezintwala zekhanda, ngemuva kwekhanda, amathempeli nendawo yesikhumba ngemuva kwezindlebe kuthinteka kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolisiswa kwekhanda okusondele, kutholakala amanxeba endaweni yokulunywa. Imvamisa, kuvela ukuqubuka okukhulu kule ndawo, okukhombisa ukusabela okweqile ezintweni eziqukethwe amathe ezintwala.
Uma lesi sifo singaqashelwa isikhathi eside, isikhumba simbozwa ukuklwebha nokukhwabanisa, ngenxa yokunwaya njalo kwezindawo zokuluma. Esizeni sokuklwebheka, kuvela amanxeba, ebusweni bawo abakha ama-crust. Ukunwaya okunjalo kuyingozi ngoba kuyiminyango evulekile yokungenwa yizifo.
Ukuthola izinhlayiya ezifakwayo ngezinhlobo ze-bubble encane ukubonakaliswa okujwayelekile kwesifo. Izindimbane ezibukhoma zinombala ophuzi, kuthi ezifile zibe mpunga. Uma uchoboza i-nit ngomunwe wakho, kuzwakala ukuchofoza.

Ukuhlonza izintwala ekhanda kulula. Ukuba khona kwezimpawu ezichaziwe, izintwala eziphilayo, izinti kungubufakazi besifo.

Izinhlobo zezintwala

Abaningi banombono wokuthi izintwala ziyisikhathi sesikhathi sempi futhi asinakhaya. Eqinisweni, lezi zinambuzane ezincane nezinobungozi zingavela ekhanda lanoma yimuphi umuntu.

Intwala yekhanda

Ihlala esikhumbeni, ikhetha kakhulu izifunda zesikhashana neze-occipital. Lezi zindawo zinokuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kokulunywa. Izintwala zidla igazi. Uma ulunywa, into ecasulayo ebangela ukulunywa ingena enxebeni.

I-Cootie

Umsebenzi emzimbeni ugcwele ukulunywa nezinye izinkinga. Intwala yomzimba ithwala izifo eziyingozi - umkhuhlane, i-typhus. Ihlukile ezintwala zekhanda endaweni yazo - emigqonyeni yezingubo, lapho izalela khona amaqanda. Ukulunywa kutholakala ezindaweni zokuxhumana nezingubo zomzimba: indawo yekhola, amafolda amadolo, ibhande.

Intwala yasesidlangalaleni

I-parasite encane ihlala esifundeni se-anal ne-pubic, enikeza umnikazi inkinga enkulu ngokulunywa. Ezimweni eziningi, izintwala ze-pubic zidluliselwa ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini. Uma kukhona uboya bezinwele obuchazwe kahle emzimbeni, lesi sifo singathinta nezinye izindawo.

Ngeshwa, izinga lezintwala liyakhula minyaka yonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuncishiswa kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungaqapheli kahle kwalesi sifo. Ukwelashwa okungafanele kuholela ekuthelelekeni kwesibili futhi kusize ukuguqulwa kwezilokazane nezidakamizwa.

Ukwelashwa kwezintwala ekhanda ekhaya

I-Pediculosis yisifo esidala ukuzizwa unengekile. Akekho othanda ama-parasites amancane adla igazi lomuntu. Umphakathi unikeze izintwala isimo sesifo sabantu ababencishwe amathuba, ngenxa yalokho kubhekwa njengehlazo ukuba nezintwala ekhanda.

Umuntu othola izintwala uzifihla ngayo yonke indlela. I-Pediculosis ibhekene nokwanda okusakazekile, ngoba abantu abazi nokuthi ukuthwala kwama-parasites ancela igazi kuseduze. Umphumela uba ukungabi bikho kokuqapha.

Lapho kuvela izintwala, akudingekile ukuthi uye emtholampilo. I-pharmacology yesimanje isiza ekwelapheni izintwala ekhanda ekhaya, futhi akekho noyedwa oye wakhansela umuthi wendabuko.

Izingane nazo zingelashwa ekhaya, noma kunjalo, ngokuhlukile okuthile. Kuzodingeka ubonane nodokotela uma: ingane ingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala, kukhona ukungezwani komzimba noma i-asthma, izintwala nezinsikazi zitholakala kumashiya nasezinkophe.

Imithi

Uhla lwemithi ehlose ukulwa nezintwala ekhanda lubanzi impela. Wonke umuntu uzokwazi ukuthola umuthi osebenzayo omelana nezintwala ezicasulayo.

Amanzi weChemerichnaya... Isixazululo sinomthelela we-neurotoxic kuma-parasites avuthiwe ngokocansi. Faka umkhiqizo ezinwele ezimanzi bese ugeza ngamanzi afudumele ngemuva kwesigamu sehora.
ULauri... Izinhlobo eziningi zomkhiqizo owethulwayo ziyathengiswa - ukhilimu, isixazululo noma imoto. Odokotela abancomi ukuthi basebenzise izifo zesikhumba.
I-Medifox... Isidakamizwa esisebenzayo ekulweni nezinsini nezintwala ezindala. Lolu ketshezi oluhlanganisiwe lukhiqizwa ngamabhodlela nama-ampoules amancane.
Izithandani plus... Isifutho esihlanganisiwe. Ukwakheka kufaka phakathi izinto eziningana ezisebenzayo ezibulala izimuncagazi ezimunca igazi.
UNittifor... Umuthi kusekelwe esebenzayo into permethrin. Wenziwe ngohlobo lukakhilimu nesisombululo, umkhiqizo uqeda amazenze, izintwala nemikhaza.
Nyx. Ukhilimu we-Antiparasitic. Kukhonjiswe kaningi ukuthi kuyasebenza ukulwa nezibungu, izinambuzane nezintwala ezindala.
UHygia noPedilin... Ama-shampoo asezilwanyaneni asebenza kahle kakhulu.
I-Pedex... Uketshezi oluphuzi lusetshenziselwa ukuqeda izintwala kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziphi izigaba zentuthuko. Ngemuva kokufaka isicelo, amaqanda, izibungu nezinambuzane ezivuthiwe ngokocansi ziyanyamalala.

Noma imuphi wale mithi engenhla ugxile kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphandle futhi ulungele ukuqeda izintwala ezinganeni. Eminye imikhiqizo yekhemisi inemikhawulo yobudala.

Njalo bonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa..

Amakhambi abantu

Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukwelapha izintwala ekhanda ngezindlela ezingabizi kakhulu zabantu. Ngizobheka amakhambi esintu alwa nawo ngama-ectoparasites.

Ukufakwa kwe-Elecampane Herb... Thela izipuni ezinhlanu zamakhambi aqoshiwe ngelitha lamanzi abilayo, shiya isikhathi esingangehora bese usebenzisa ukugeza izinwele zakho. Kungcono ukulungisa umkhiqizo ku-thermos.
Angelica nenyoni cherry... Ikhambi elihle kakhulu lezintwala ekhanda lenziwa ngezimpande zezitshalo. Yenza impuphu ngezimpande ezomile, ezixubene namafutha. Amafutha abangelwa anconyelwa ukwelapha indawo yezintwala nsuku zonke isonto elilodwa.
IGeranium... Kudala kwaziwa ukuthi iphunga le-geranium liyasabisa izintwala. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezintwala zekhanda, engeza uwoyela we-geranium kuma-balms, imaski yezinwele, ama-shampoo kanye nama-conditioner.
Ijusi lemhlophe nehalananda... Thela ama-200 ml wejamu lemhalananda lemvelo esitsheni esincane, engeza izipuni ezimbili zemifino bese ubilisa ukushisa okuphansi cishe imizuzu eyi-8. Ngemuva kokupholisa, gcoba umkhiqizo ezimpandeni zezinwele bese uwusebenzisa ukumanzisa ikhanda.
Insipho yetar... Hlanganisa ikhanda lakho ngensipho yetiyela, uyisonge ngefilimu bese ulinda isigamu sehora, bese ugeza igwebu nge-shampoo bese ugcoba noma iyiphi i-balm yezinwele. Sebenzisa ikama elijiyile ukususa izintwala ezifile.
Ipharafini... Ezinsukwini zakudala, kwakulwalwa izintwala ngophalafini, ngemuva kokuzixuba ngamafutha emifino ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuye ku-12. Ngaphambi kokulala, le ngxube yayisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinwele, yambozwa ngopulasitiki, yasigoqwa ngesikhafu yasishiya kwaze kwaba sekuseni. Ngemuva kwalokho ukwakheka kwahlanjululwa nge-shampoo yamanzi afudumele futhi kwahlanganiswa izinwele ngekama.
Uviniga... Uma kwenzeka izintwala zekhanda, thambisa izinwele ngeviniga, bopha ngethawula, shiya amahora amabili bese ugeza ngensipho namanzi. Ngemuva kwenqubo yamanzi, kunconywa ukuthi uhlanze izinwele ngesisombululo seviniga. Iwayini elinamandla aphansi, utshwala, noma uviniga we-apula uzosebenza.
Dichlorvos... Indlela enamandla kakhulu yokubhekana nezintwala ekhanda ifaka ukwelapha ikhanda ngama-dichlorvos. Lesi sibulala-zinambuzane senza umsebenzi oncomekayo, kepha angikukhuthazi ukuthi sisebenzise, noma njengesinyathelo sokugcina.
I-Turpentine... Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, thela i-turpentine ngamafutha emifino ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuye ku-8. Bese ubeka isigqoko sendwangu kawoyela ekhanda lakho, linda cishe ihora, ugeze futhi uhlanganise izinwele zakho.
Ugaliki... Yenza i-gruel kusuka kuma-clove amaningana kagalikhi bese uyihlikihla ekhanda kathathu ngosuku. Cishe ezinsukwini ezine, izinambuzane zizofa. Osekusele nje ukugeza izinwele zakho nokukama imizimba yama-parasites.
Iresiphi yaseMpumalanga... Hlanganisa amanani alinganayo we-apula cider uviniga ne-coriander yaseRoma. Gubha ikhanda nezinwele ngenhlanganisela evelayo. Yima elangeni okungenani imizuzu engama-20. Izinqubo ezimbili zisusa ngokuphelele izintwala zekhanda.

Icebo elilandelayo lizosiza ukubhekana nezintwala zomzimba. Bilisa okombhede nezingubo zangaphansi imizuzu engama-20 emanzini ngokufaka umuthi wokubulala izinambuzane. Ngemuva kwezinto, hlala emoyeni omusha bese uhamba isonto lonke. Ukuntuleka kokudla kuzoholela ekufeni kwama-parasites.

Okubi nemiphumela engemihle yamakhambi wesintu

Abantu babheka imvelo njengenzuzo enkulu yemithi yesintu yokulwa nezintwala ekhanda. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, kepha abanye banokubi nemiphumela emibi.

Ipharafini... Ngaphezu kokubhubhisa izintwala, kunomthelela omubi ezinhlungwini zezinwele. Ipharafini ayihlanjululwa kahle, uma ingena emehlweni, idala inqubo yokuvuvukala eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi imiphunga ingadala ubuthi obukhulu.
Uviniga... Umisa izinwele. Uma kuhlanjululwe ngokungalungile, ukusha okukhulu kuzovela ebusweni bekhanda. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa uviniga ukulwa nezintwala ekhanda ezinganeni.
Dichlorvos... Into enobuthi. Izimpawu zobuthi: ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuhlanza, ukudlikizela, isiyezi, ukuqubuka, kuvela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba umusi ungene ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Uma ama-dichlorvos evela ebusweni besikhumba, izimpawu ezifakwe kuhlu zivela ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa.

Isidakamizwa ngasinye somuntu ngokumelene nezintwala zekhanda kufanele sihlolwe endololwaneni ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Uma kungekho ukusabela ngemuva kokufaka umkhiqizo esikhunjeni, ungasetshenziswa njengokuyalelwa. Lapho kuvela ubomvu, ukushisa nezinye izimpawu, umuthi owenziwe ekhaya kufanele ugezwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwezintwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukwelashwa kwe-pediculosis kunqunyiwe, okuphephe ngokuphelele kumama nasenganeni. Udokotela ozokuhambela uzokusiza ukhethe izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokubhekana nalesi sifo.

Amantombazane asesimweni kufanele alwe nezintwala kuphela ngemithi engeyona enobuthi.

Ukususwa kwemishini... Le ndlela yehliselwa ekunciphiseni ama-parasites ngekama. Kungcono ukuqhuba inqubo engenhla kubhavu ukuze ugeze izinambuzane ngokushesha. Le nqubo yinde ngokwedlulele futhi ayisebenzi kangako kunezidakamizwa ezithengiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinti ezimiswe ezinweleni kuzofanele zisuswe ngesandla. Kepha kuphephe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uviniga we-Apple... Musa ukungcolisa umkhiqizo wokudla ngamanzi. Nge-swab kakotini efakwe kuviniga, cubungula izinwele ngokucophelela, unake ngokukhethekile ngemuva kwekhanda, amathempeli nezindawo ezingemva kwezindlebe. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, hlambulula umkhiqizo ngaphansi kwesikhwama sepulasitiki, bese ugeza izinwele kahle. Phatha uviniga ngokunakekela, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzolimaza isikhumba sekhanda nesakhiwo sezinwele.
I-Cranberry... Ijikijolo lapho abaphathi bendawo benza khona isiphuzo sezithelo esihle kakhulu, umonakalisi ophephe kakhulu wegobolondo lezinsimbi. Yenza ujusi ngama-cranberries amasha uphathe ngawo ikhanda nezinwele. Kunconywa ukugeza ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa.
Ivy budra... Ikhambi eliphephile nelisebenzayo ekulweni nezintwala zekhanda. Thela izipuni ezimbili ze-budra ngeviniga bese ushiya izinsuku ezimbili. Phatha izinwele ngesisombululo esenziwe ngomumo kabili ngosuku, linda amahora ama-2, hlambulula bese usebenzisa ikamu.
Amafutha esihlahla setiye... Inomphumela omuhle kakhulu we-antiparasitic. Faka uwoyela amaconsi ambalwa esihlokweni bese ugeza uketshezi.

Ababulali bezintwala abacatshangelwe bayasebenza futhi baphephile. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa le mithi kanye neminye, kudingeka uthintane nodokotela wakho.

Izindlela zokuvimbela i-pediculosis

Abantu umsebenzi wabo ohilela ukuxhumana njalo nabahambi kanye nabanye abantu bezenhlalo kufanele banake ngokukhethekile ukuvikelwa kokutheleleka ngezintwala zekhanda.

Njengoba ngishilo, ukusakazeka kwezimuncagazi ezimunca igazi kuncike ezintweni eziningi: ukungabi nenhlanzeko, izimo zokuphila ezingagculisi, ukudla okungafanele.

Izindlela zokuvimbela i-pediculosis aziqinisekisi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngekhulu lamaphesenti, kepha zinciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bokugula. Akufanele ungabanaki.

Ukuvimbela ekhaya

Ukuvimbela izintwala ekhayeni kubalulekile ezinganeni eziya njalo ezinkulisa nasezikoleni. Ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka enganeni, kufanele ulandele njalo imithetho eyisisekelo yokuvikela.

Xubha izinwele zakho nsuku zonke bese uhlola ngokucophelela ikhanda lengane yakho.
Qoqa izinwele ezinde zamantombazane ngamabhanisi noma eluka.
Hlanganisa ama-curls bese usika njalo.
Shintsha izingubo zezingane nelineni lokulala ngesikhathi esifanele.

Noma yimuphi udokotela uzotshela abazali ukuthi kufanele babe nezikhathi zokwelulekwa njalo nezingane zabo. Ngesikhathi sezingxoxo ezinjalo, udinga ukudlulisela enganeni ukuthi izintwala ekhanda ziyisifo esiyingozi futhi ukuze usigweme, akufanele ugqoke izingubo nezigqoko zezinye izingane. Udinga futhi ukusebenzisa njalo izinto zakho zenhlanzeko.

Ukuvimbela enkulisa

Ngeshwa, izintwala ekhanda ezikhungweni zasenkulisa yinto eyenzeka kaningi, izizathu zazo zilele ekuqwashisweni kwabazali ngokuvikela.

Ngokwemithetho yenhlanzeko, abasebenzi bezempilo yasenkulisa kumele bahlole izingane lapho sezingeniswa nasemasontweni onke ngemuva kwalokho. Inhloko yenkulisa iphoqelekile ukuthi ithathe le nkinga ngokuzibophezela futhi yenqabe ukwamukela izingane ezinesifo sezintwala ekhanda. Uma kwenzeka isifo, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele:

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingane ezinegciwane.
Cinga umthombo wezintwala.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezingane ezithintana nabangenwe yilesi sifo.
Ukwazisa umtholampilo lapho kubhaliswa khona ingane egulayo.
Ukwenza ukuhlanza okumanzi nokubulala amagciwane.
Ukuhlola isimo samakamelo eqembu, okhiye namabhokisi amathoyizi
Ukubonisana kodokotela maqondana nokuvinjelwa kwezintwala ekhanda.

Izixazululo eziningi ezikhethekile ze-parasite zithengiswa emakhemisi afanele ukusetshenziswa ezinkulisa. Ukugxila ekusakazekeni kwalesi sifo kubhekwa njengokuqedwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwezingane kathathu.

Ukuvimbela esikoleni

Ukuvinjelwa kwezintwala ekhanda ezikoleni kudinga abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuthi bahlole izingane okungenani amahlandla ama-4 ngonyaka. Ukuhlolwa kwesampula kwenziwa njalo ngenyanga. Izingane ezinezintwala ziqinisekile ukumiswa emakilasini kuze kulungiswe inkinga. Ukubuyela esikoleni kungenzeka kuphela uma kunesitifiketi esivela kudokotela. Izingane ezinempilo kufanele zilandele imithetho eminingi elula:

Ungashintshi izinto zakho zokugqoka nabantu ofunda nabo nabangane.
Ungasebenzisi ama-combs nezikhonkwane zezinwele zabanye abantu, unganiki abanye abafundi izinto zabo.
Sebenzisa ikepisi lenjoloba kuphela.
Ungasebenzisi amathawula avela kwabanye abafundi.

Ividiyo "Umlando nokwelashwa kwezintwala ekhanda"

Ukufingqa, singasho ngokuzethemba ukuthi ukuvimbela okuphumelela kakhulu kwezintwala zekhanda ukuthola ngesikhathi esifanele izingane ezinegciwane ngokuzihlukanisa okwalandela.

Send