Ungazenza kanjani ukuthi ucwile ukuze ungakhokhi imalimboleko futhi usule izikweletu?
Sawubona, igama lami ngingu-Ekaterina Volosova, ngivela edolobheni laseSaratov. Manje nginesimo esibi sezezimali, ngitshele ukuthi ngingenza kanjani ukuthi ngibhange ukuze ngingakhokhi imali mboleko?
Ngendlela, ubonile ukuthi idola selivele lingakanani? Qala ukwenza imali ngomehluko wamanani wokushintshana lapha!
Sawubona Ekaterina, ake sizame ukuphendula umbuzo wakho ngokugcwele.
Ukuzibiza njengongenamali, ukuze uzikhulule ezibophweni zokukhokha imali mboleko eseyibe ngumthwalo ongabekezeleleki, kuvame ukubonwa njengeyona ndlela yokuphuma kulesi simo.
Okokuqala, sincoma ukufunda i-athikili - yini ukuqothuka, yiziphi izigaba nezimpawu zezinqubo zokuqothuka ezikhona.
Ukuze kuthiwe umuntu ufile, kudingekile:
- Yiba yisakhamuzi saseRussia;
- Ungakhokhi imali engaphezulu kwezinyanga ezintathu;
- Yiba nesikweletu esiphelele esingaphezu kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amahlanu;
- Yiba nobufakazi obanele bokuhluleka ukukhokhela izikweletu inkantolo;
- Yiba nesiqinisekiso sokuthi zonke izindlela ezenziwayo zithathiwe ukukhokha isikweletu ngokwazo, ukuthi kwenziwa imizamo yokuxoxisana nombolekisi, okungcono ngokubhala phansi;
- Ukungabi bikho kokuthengiselana okusolisayo, njengokudluliswa kwempahla, ukudluliswa kwezizumbulu zemali eminyakeni emithathu edlule, okungakhuphula izinsolo zemizamo yokufihla impahla lapho ukuqothuka sekuvele kubonakala;
Ngemininingwane engaphezulu kuhlu lwamadokhumenti, imiyalo edingekayo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, imiphumela engenzeka, njalonjalo, ungafunda i-athikili mayelana nokuqothuka kwabantu kanye nosomabhizinisi ngabanye.
1. Ukukhwabanisa Kokuqothuka
Ngokufika kwaleli thuba emthethweni waseRussia, kwavela labo ababefuna ukukhohlisa abamele umthetho. Kodwa-ke, ungabukeli phansi amakhono abo futhi, ngaphambi kokubandakanyeka kulo mkhonyovu, kungcono ucabange ngemiphumela.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 (ezimbili) zokukhwabanisa kule nqubo:
- Ukuqothuka ngamabomu... Isakhamuzi esingathembekile sakha ngamabomu izimo ezivumela ubuphofu, sithathe kancane umholo waso futhi sizibonakalise sonakele.
- Ukuqothuka okungamanga... Inkantolo impela iyoba nentshisekelo uma umuntu elahla impahla ngazo zonke izindlela ngaphambi kokumemezela ukuthi ushonile. Isibonelo, ukudluliswa kwamalungelo empahla noma ukuthengiswa ngenani eliphansi lempahla yakho, ukunikezwa kwedatha engalungile ngamabomu mayelana nempahla, ukudluliswa kwemali enkulu kuma-akhawunti angaphandle kule minyaka emithathu edlule.
Uma umuntu ememezela ukuqothuka kwakhe futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, engekho esimweni esibucayi futhi engenasizathu salokho, uzojeziswa.
Uma kwenzeka kubangela ukulimala kwezezimali, izinga lokujeziswa lincike enanini lalo:
- Ngaphansi 1,5 ama-ruble ayisigidi - ukwenqaba ukumemezela ukuqothuka, isikweletu sokuphatha, ngendlela yenhlawulo efinyelela kuma-ruble ayi-3 000;
- Okuningi 1,5 ama-ruble ayisigidi - Ukwenqaba ukumemezela ukuqothuka, isikweletu ngaphansi kweCriminal Code of the Russian Federation, kuze kufike ejele iminyaka eyisithupha.
Ukuqothuka kune-plus engenamibandela - ukususa isikweletu esingabekezeleleki, ngokusemthethweni. Kepha kukhona uhlangothi olubi kule nqubo.
2. Ububi bokuqothuka
Izinqubo zokuqothuka zixhunyaniswe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nobungozi futhi imiphumela emibi, njenge:
- Kuncike lapho kunomthombo waphakade wemali engenayo, ngeke kwenzeke ukulahla ngokuphelele umthwalo wezibopho. Noma ngabe inkantolo iya emhlanganweni futhi ivuselele uhlelo lokukhokha, izophoqelela okweletayo ukuthi akhokhe noma iyiphi ingxenye evumelekile yesikweletu kwabakweletayo okungenani iminyaka emithathu.
- Uma isikweletu singakhokhiwe esikhathini esiyiminyaka emithathu, inkantolo ingayalela ukuthathwa kwempahla yomuntu okweletwayo, ezofakwa endalini kanye nasezindalini zokuqothuka, bese imali etholwayo ihlukaniselwa abamukeli besikweletu. Futhi kuphela uma lokhu kunganele, isikweletu esisele sizosulwa.
- Uma umbolekisi ethatha isinqumo ngokuzimela sokuthi umboleki uqothukile, lo owedlule angahle angayilungeli inqubo, okuzoba ukulahlekelwa yimpahla enkulu kuye.
- Isikhathi sonke sokucatshangelwa kwecala (kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwezinyanga eziyisi-6), okweletwayo uvunyelwe ukuphuma ezweni.
- Isakhamuzi esimenyezelwe njengongenamali, iminyaka emithathu emva kwalokho, asinalungelo lokuqokelwa ezikhundleni zobuholi ezinhlanganweni zezohwebo.
- Ukuqothuka okuphindiwe akuvunyelwe isikhathi seminyaka emi-5.
- Oweqile ubophekile ukwazisa ababolekisi ngaleli cala nganoma yiziphi izimali mboleko, kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu.
3. Ngubani onelungelo lokumemezela ukuthi uqothile?
Ngokomthetho, noma yisiphi isakhamuzi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi sineminyaka emingaki, ubulili, isimo senhlalo kanye nokutholakala kokonga, sinelungelo lokumemezela ukungabinamali kwezezimali.
Ukuze azibonakalise njengongenamali, usomabhizinisi ngamunye kanye nomuntu ngamunye udinga kuphela ubukhona bezizathu futhi, nakanjani, nokuhlinzeka kwabo.
4. Izindleko zamacala wokuqothuka
Ngisho nenqubo yokumemezela ukuqothuka komuntu idinga izindleko ezithile zezezimali:
- Umsebenzi kahulumeni (ama-ruble angama-300 (kwakungu-ruble ayizi-6,000));
- Inkokhelo yesikhathi esisodwa kumphathi wezezimali (kusuka ku-RUB 25,000). Uma kwenzeka kushoda imali yokukhokhela le nto, ngesikhathi sokufaka isicelo, kungenzeka ukuthi ufake isicelo sokukhokha okuhlehlisiwe.
- Izindleko ezihambisana nokwazisa ababolekisi okufanele bathole amakhophi wesicelo.
5. Imibhalo edingekayo uma kuqulwa inqubo yokuqothuka
Le nqubo ingaphakathi kwekhono leNkantolo Yezokulamula endaweni yokuhlala / yokubhalisa.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele unikeze iphakethe lamadokhumenti, okuyinhloko yayo:
- isicelo sokuqala kwenqubo yokuqothuka;
- imibhalo yomuntu siqu neyesikweletu;
- amadokhumende kuma-akhawunti akhona kanye nempahla ekhona;
- amadokhumende aqinisekisa imali engenayo esemthethweni kule minyaka emithathu edlule (kanye nokuthengiselana ngamanani angaphezu kweRUB 300,000);
- amaphepha aqinisekisa ukukhokhwa kwezimali zombuso kanye nomholo womphathi wezezimali;
- amadokhumende angaqinisekisa isimo samanje lapho isimo sezimali siqale ukonakala khona.
Ezimweni lapho umfakisicelo engakwazi ukuvakashela mathupha inkantolo ukuletha imibhalo, unelungelo:
- nika lezi zenzo kumuntu othembekile. Vele, lapho-ke uzodinga ukunamathisela amandla ommeli ephaketheni lemibhalo.
- thumela isicelo ngekhompyutha, usebenzisa insiza ekhethekile ye-Intanethi (inketho elula kunazo zonke uma umfakisicelo enamakhono okusebenzisa i-PC);
- thumela yonke imibhalo ngeposi ekhelini lenkantolo (Ukuze ugweme ukulahleka kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye, kungcono ukufaka i-inventory).
Ekuphetheni, sincoma ukubukela ividiyo yokuthi ungasikhokhi kanjani isikweletu ngokusemthethweni:
Siyethemba ukuthi sikwazile ukuphendula imibuzo yakho. Okuhle kakhulu, Imibono yeqembu lempilo!