IColossi yaseMemnon - izithombe eziculwayo eGibhithe

IColossios yaseMemnon ingesinye seziwombe ezingaqondakali nezingajwayelekile zaseGibhithe, esaduma umhlaba wonke ezikhathini zasendulo ngenxa yokuthi "singacula".

Ulwazi oluvamile

IColosossi yaseMemnon noma i-el-Colossat eGibhithe yizithombe ezimbili ezinkulu zikaFaro Amenhotep III, efriziwe etsheni, iminyaka yakhe efinyelela eminyakeni engama-3400. Atholakala eduze kwesiGodi saMakhosi eLuxor futhi eduze nogu loMfula iNayile.

Ngokusho kososayensi, iColossi yayijwayele ukuba uhlobo loonogada abasendleleni eya ethempelini elikhulu lase-Amenhotep, manje eselibhujiswe ngokuphelele. Izibalo zikaharahara zihlala zibheke osebeni lweNayile futhi zibuka ukuphuma kwelanga, okukhuluma ngomqondo wazo ongokomfanekiso.

Ukuthola izibalo zaseMemnon kulula impela - zitholakala maphakathi nedolobha lasendulo laseLuxor, futhi zibonakala kude. Imvamisa, ukuvakasha kuhlelwa ukuvakashela lezi zindawo, kepha uma kungenzeka, woza lapha wedwa - ngale ndlela ngeke uzwe kuphela amandla ale ndawo, kepha futhi uzokwazi ukuhlala uzungeze izithombe ezibaziwe.

Umsuka wegama

Ngesi-Arabhu, igama lokuheha lizwakala njenge- “el-Colossat” noma i- “es-Salamat”. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izakhamizi zaseGibhithe zisayibiza ngale ndawo nanamuhla, kepha umfokazi uyazi ukuthi iyisithombe sikaMemnon sibonga amaGrikhi - lapho befika eGibhithe babuza abantu bendawo igama lalezi zithombe ezibabazekayo, abaseGibhithe bathi igama elithi "mennu", elalisetshenziselwa ukuqamba izithombe zazo zonke iziphika zikaFaro ...

AmaGreek, angaqondi incazelo yaleli gama, aqala ukuhlanganisa iColossi noMemnon, omunye wabahlanganyeli abadumile eMpini yeTrojan. Kungaphansi kwaleli gama ukuthi siyazi lezi zindawo namuhla.

Inkomba yomlando

IColossios yaseMemnon eGibhithe yakhiwa cishe ngekhulu le-16 BC. BC, futhi cishe iminyaka engama-3000 babeseThebes, etholakala amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka eLuxor.

Indawo lapho iColossios yaseMemnon itholakala khona isafihliwe nanamuhla. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi izithombe ezibaziweyo zamatshe zazakhiwe lapha njengomqaphi - zazimi emnyango wethempeli elikhulu kunawo wonke eGibhithe, ithempeli elikhulu lase-Amenhotep. Ngeshwa, akukho lutho olwasala kulesi sakhiwo esihle kangaka, kodwa iColossi yasinda.

Vele, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingesihle (izikhukhula ezijwayelekile zikhukhula kancane kancane isisekelo semifanekiso yamatshe), iColossi nayo iyawa kancane, kepha ababuyisi banesiqiniseko sokuthi bazokwazi ukuma isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.

Ngokusho kososayensi, isithombe eseningizimu ngu-Amenhotep III uqobo, ohleli ezinyaweni zomkakhe nengane yakhe. Ngakwesokunene kunkulunkulu uHapi - usanta ongumvikeli weNayile. Isifanekiso esisenyakatho isithombe sika-Amenhotep III nonina, u-Queen Mutemvia.

Encwadini: funda ngesiGodi saMakhosi eLuxor kule ndatshana.

Ukucula isithombe

Ngo-27 BC. e. ingxenye encane yethempeli nesithombe esisenyakatho seColossus kwabhujiswa. Ngokwamarekhodi atholakele, lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla. Isibalo sikaFaro sihlukaniswa, futhi kusukela kulowo mzuzu saqala "ukucula". Nsuku zonke entathakusa, kuzwakala impempe elula evela etsheni, isizathu ososayensi abangakasitholi ngokugcwele. Enye yezinguqulo ezinokwenzeka kakhulu inguquko enamandla ekushiseni komoya, ngenxa yokuthi umswakama uhwamuka ngaphakathi kwesifanekiso.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi umuntu ngamunye wezwa okwakhe kule misindo. Abaningi bathi bekungathi kuqhuma intambo yehabhu, abanye bayithola ifana nomsindo wamaza, kanti abanye bezwa ikhwela.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izakhamizi zaseGrisi, zikholelwa ukuthi lezi zithombe eziqanjwe ngamaqhawe azo, zize nenye inganekwane. Bakholelwa ukuthi imisindo evela etsheni yizinyembezi zikamama olahlekelwe yindodana yakhe empini.

Ukucula izithombe kwakuyizimpawu zomhlaba ezidumile ezweni lasendulo, futhi izazi-mlando eziningi nababusi bangaleso sikhathi babazi ngezinto ezingavamile zamatshe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-19 A.D. lezi zindawo zavakashelwa nguGermanicus, umholi wamasosha waseRoma nosopolitiki. Okumangalisa nakakhulu ukuthi imisindo ekhishwe yilesi sithombe yaziwa njengereferensi, futhi bonke abaculi bangaleso sikhathi balungisa izinsimbi zabo, bagxila ekushayeni ikhwela kwetshe.

Ngeshwa, itshe selithule iminyaka engaphezu kwe-1700. Cishe lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yombusi waseRoma u-Septemy Severus, owayaleze ukuthi zonke izicucu zesithombe zihlanganiswe. Ngemuva kwalokho akekho noyedwa owezwa "ukucula".

Amaqiniso Athandekayo

1. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ungavakashela lezi zithombe mahhala ngokuphelele - ukukhanga kuthandwa kakhulu, kepha iziphathimandla azikakhokhi ukuthi kungenwe. Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, ngeke ukwazi ukusondela kakhulu eColossi - zizungezwe uthango oluphansi, futhi onogada babheka izivakashi eduze.
2. Abahambi abanolwazi bayeluleka ngaphambi kohambo ukufunda amaqiniso athile avela emlandweni waseGibhithe (noma, okungenani, le ndawo) noma uthathe umhlahlandlela wendawo, ngoba ngaphandle kwencazelo, lezi kuzoba izithombe ezijwayelekile phakathi kwedolobha elifile.
3. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ithempeli eliphakathi labhujiswa, lisengavakashelwa - iziphathimandla zaseGibhithe zenze okuthile okufana nomnyuziyamu, zifake izingcwecwe kuyo yonke inkimbinkimbi ngencazelo eningiliziwe yokubukeka kwesakhiwo ngasinye.

4. Ngokwesazi-mlando, iColossi yayikade okungenani inamamitha angama-30 ukuphakama, kepha manje aseze afinyelela ku-18. Kodwa isisindo sawo asikashintshi - cishe amathani angama-700 lilinye.
5. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izithombe zeMemnon zaqedwa ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje, ngoba izingxenye zokuqala azitholakalanga - kungenzeka, zahlakazwa yizakhamizi zendawo ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo.

IColossios yaseMemnon ingesinye sezakhiwo ezinkulu zaseGibhithe, intshisekelo engazange isuswe ngamathempeli aseLuxor noma eKarnak aseduze.

IColossi yaseMemnon ngamehlo abavakashi: