ISagrada Familia eseBarcelona ingumqondo oyinhloko ka-Antoni Gaudi

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ISagrada Familia, esendaweni yezivakashi e-Eixample, ingesinye sezimpawu ezigqame kakhulu eBarcelona futhi ingenye yamaphrojekthi wokwakha wesikhathi eside adumile emhlabeni. Isici sokugcina senziwa lula yizinto ezimbili ezibalulekile ngasikhathi sinye.

Okokuqala, wonke umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe kuphela ngeminikelo. Futhi okwesibili, amabhlogo wamatshe angaphansi kwalesi sakhiwo adinga ukucubungulwa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokulungiswa ngakunye kosayizi, nakho okudala ubunzima obuthile. Noma ngabe bekuyini, kepha namuhla leli thempeli lingenye yezinto ezivakashelwa kakhulu esikhathini sethu. Ngokuya ngemininingwane eshicilelwe e-El Periódico de Catalunya, inani lazo lezivakashi lonyaka lingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Ngo-2005, leli sonto labhaliswa njenge-UNESCO World Site, kwathi ngo-2010 langcweliswa uPapa Benedict XVI futhi lamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni njengebandla lomuzi elisebenzayo.

Inkomba yomlando

Umqondo weSagrada Familia eBarcelona ungokaJosé Maria Bocabella, umthengisi wezincwadi olula owayephefumulelwe yiVatican Cathedral yaseSt.Peter waze wanquma ukwakha into efanayo edolobheni langakubo. Kuyiqiniso, ukuqaliswa kwalo mbono bekufanele kuhlehliswe isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-10 - okuyisikhathi lapho kuthathe isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi umthengisi wamasekeni aqoqe izimali ezidingekayo ukuthenga isiza somhlaba.

Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kwaqala ngo-1882. Ngaleso sikhathi, yayiholwa nguFrancisco del Villar, owayehlose ukwakha isakhiwo esihle kakhulu, esenziwe ngesitayela se-canonical Gothic nangendlela yesiphambano se-Orthodox. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wale nkosi awuhlalanga isikhathi eside - ngemuva konyaka wasula esikhundleni, wanikeza induku ku-Antonio Gaudi odumile, okwathi kuye leli thempeli laba umsebenzi wokuphila konke. Bathi inkosi ayigcinanga lapho esakhiweni, kepha futhi ibivame ukuhamba emigwaqweni iqoqa izipho.

Umbono womdwebi ovelele wawuhluke kakhulu kuphrojekthi yokuqala eyenziwe nguBocabelle. Ngokubheka isiGothic inkomba ephelelwe yisikhathi futhi engathandeki, wasebenzisa kuphela izakhi eziyisisekelo zalesi sitayela, ebagcwalisa ngezici ze-Art Nouveau, i-Baroque ne-Oriental exoticism. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umakhi odumile wayengumuntu owayengahlelekile ngokweqile - wayengathandi ukucabanga ngayo yonke into kusengaphambili, kodwa futhi wadala nemidwebo lapho kusakhiwa. Kwezinye izimo, lolu chungechunge lwemibono engapheli luholele ekutheni abasebenzi kufanele balungise okuthile njalo, noma benze kabusha ngokuphelele izingxenye ezithile zeSagrada de Familia.

Ngokuthola lo msebenzi omkhulu ngempela, inkosi yaqonda kahle kamhlophe ukuthi yayingeke ibe nesikhathi sokuyiqeda ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo. Kwenzeka kanjalo-ke - ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe obuqondile, kwakhiwa eyodwa kuphela yezinhlaka ezintathu (i-facade of the Nativity of Christ). Ngeshwa, ngo-1926, umakhi omkhulu wasweleka ngaphansi kwamasondo ethilamu, engashiyi imidwebo eyenziwe ngomumo noma iziyalezo ezithile. Ukuphela kwento esikwazile ukuyithola yimidwebo embalwa nezakhiwo ezimbalwa ezimahaba. Ukwakhiwa okwengeziwe kweSagrada Familia kwaholwa yisizukulwane sonke sabakhi bezakhiwo ezivelele, omunye wabo kwakunguDomenech Sugranesu, umfundi kanye nomngane kaGaudí. Bonke basebenzise imidwebo esindile yenkosi enkulu, ibangezela ngemibono yabo mayelana ne-cathedral.

Izakhiwo

Uma ubheka isithombe seSagrada Familia Cathedral eseBarcelona, uyabona ukuthi iqukethe ama-facade ama-3, ngalinye lawo libonisa isikhathi esithile sempilo kaMesiya, nemibhoshongo eminingi yensimbi, eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile.

Ubuso bokuzalwa kukaKristu

I-façade yaseCatalan Art Nouveau itholakala ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwethempeli (lelo elibheke esigcawini). Ngeke kudingeke ubheke isikhathi eside - kukhona umnyango ophakathi nendawo. Umhlobiso oyinhloko walolu donga yizithombe ezibunjiweyo zezimfanelo ezintathu zobuKristu (ithemba, ukholo nesihe) nemibhoshongo emine ekhonjisiwe enikezelwe kubaphostoli beBhayibheli (uBarnaba, uJuda, uSimoni noMathewu). Ubuso bonke be-facade buhlanganiswe nephethini eliyinkimbinkimbi lamatshe elihlotshaniswa nezenzakalo zeVangeli ezaziwa kakhulu (ukuganana kukaMariya, ukuzalwa kukaJesu, ukukhulekelwa kwabafundi beZazi, ivangeli, njll.). Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezinsikeni ezihlukanisa udonga lube izingxenye ezintathu, ungabona izithombe zamakhosi adumile aseSpain abambe iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezwe, kanye nohlu lozalo lukaKristu oluqoshwe ngamatshe.

I-Passion Facade

Udonga, olusogwini oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga yethempeli, alunazo izivakashi. Isibalo esiphakathi kwalesi sici, esimbozwe ngamatshe ahlukahlukene we-polygonal, yisithombe esibunjiweyo sikaMesiya obethelwe esiphambanweni. Kukhona nesikwele somlingo, isibalo sazo sezinombolo kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela engenzeka sinikeza inombolo engu-33 (iminyaka yokufa kukaJesu).

Ngokomqondo wabadali, i-facade yePassion, yokwenziwa kwezono zabantu eziyinhloko, kufanele ibangele umuzwa wokwesaba kumdali. Umphumela obizwa ngokuthi yiChiaroscuro, ohilela ukusetshenziswa kwesisekelo sokukhanya nesithunzi esingajwayelekile, uyasiza ukuwuthuthukisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulolu donga ungabona izigcawu ezinanela iSidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina, iThe Kiss of Judas neminye imidwebo edumile yomhlaba. Zonke ezinye izithombe zinikelwe ezenzakalweni ezihambisana nokufa, ukungcwatshwa nokuvuka kweNdodana kaNkulunkulu. Umnyango omkhulu wale ngxenye yesakhiwo uphawulwe ngomnyango wethusi, ezindlekweni zazo kubekwa imibhalo evela kwiTestamente Elisha.

Indawo engaphambili yenkazimulo

I-Wall of Glory, etholakala ohlangothini lwaseningizimu-mpumalanga yesakhiwo futhi enikezelwe empilweni kaMesiya eZulwini, iyinto yokugcina yeSagrada Familia yaseBarcelona. Lesi sici sangaphambili sikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngokuzayo umnyango omkhulu wesonto uzothuthelwa lapha. Kodwa-ke, ngalokhu, abasebenzi badinga ukwakha ibhuloho elinezitebhisi ezisontekile ezihlanganisa ithempeli nomgwaqo uCarrer de Mallorca. Futhi konke kuzolunga, kuphela esizeni sokwakhiwa okuzayo kukhona izakhiwo zokuhlala, ezinabahlali bazo abamelene nokuhlaliswa kabusha.

Okwamanje, iziphathimandla zendawo zizama ngayo yonke indlela ukuxazulula le nkinga nabantu basemadolobheni, abakhi bayaqhubeka nokwakha uvulandi olunamakholomu ayisikhombisa, abhekwa njengophawu lwezipho zikaMoya oNgcwele, nemibhoshongo yensimbi eyakhiwe ezinikezelwe kubaphostoli abane baseBhayibhelini. Ingxenye engenhla yesakhiwo izohlotshiswa ngemifanekiso ebaziwe yemibhalo kaZiqu-zintathu neyeTestamente Elidala ekhuluma ngokuDalwa komhlaba. Ngaphansi kwabo ngqo, ungabona izithombe ezethusayo ze-Underworld nabantu abajwayelekile benza umsebenzi olungileyo.

Towers

Ngokwephrojekthi yokuqala eyenziwe nguGaudí, iSagrada Familia izothweswa imiqhele ngemibhoshongo yensimbi engu-18, engafani ngokubukeka kuphela kodwa nangosayizi. Okuyinhloko ngumbhoshongo kaJesu Kristu, ukuphakama kwawo okungenani kuzoba ngu-172 cm, nombhoshongo weVirgin Mary, osendaweni yesibili ehloniphekile. Kukholakala ukuthi ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokwakhiwa kwale mibhoshongo yensimbi, iBarcelona Cathedral izoba yisakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Orthodox emhlabeni. Kuze kube manje, sekuthunyelwe izinto eziyi-8 kuphela, kepha isikali saleli thempeli sesivele sidida umcabango wabadali.

Kepha okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwayo yonke imibhoshongo kwenziwa ngokwenqubo yejalousie. Idivayisi enjalo ayenzi nje ubuhle kuphela, kodwa futhi isebenza ngokusobala - ngenxa yezikhala eziningi, ukukhala kwezinsimbi zesonto kuthatha umsindo ohluke ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunoma imuphi umoya ovunguzayo, le mibhoshongo izokhipha imisindo ethile, idale umphumela omuhle we-acoustic.

Ngaphakathi

Basebenza kuphrojekthi yesonto lombhishobhi, abaklami bazama ukufeza ubumbano oluphelele nemvelo. Kungakho, ngaphakathi kweSagrada Familia, kubukeka kufana nehlathi lezinganekwane eligezwe yilanga kunesonto elijwayelekile. Isonto likhokha lo mphumela ezintweni eziningana zokuhlobisa ngasikhathi sinye. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yazo.

Amakholomu

Amakholomu amade ahlukanisa izakhiwo zethempeli abe ngama-naves ama-5 abukeka njengezihlahla ezinkulu noma izimbali ezinkulu zikabhekilanga, zigijimela ngqo esibhakabhakeni. Ngenxa yezinto eziqinile (ukhonkolo oqinisiwe, ubomvu obomvu kanye ne-basalt), azisekeli kalula nje kuphela igumbi elikhulu lesonto, kodwa nemibhoshongo engaphezulu kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakholomu angaphakathi e-cathedral ahlala eshintsha ukwakheka kwawo: okokuqala kuyisikwele esijwayelekile, bese kuba yi-octagon, futhi ekugcineni kuyisiyingi.

Ithuna likaGaudi (crypt)

Ukubheka isithombe seSagrada Familia ngaphakathi, naka i-crypt yesonto, etholakala engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yesakhiwo futhi yaba ithuna lika-Antoni Gaudi uqobo. Ukungena kwalo kwenziwa hhayi kuphela ngezitebhisi, kodwa futhi nekheshi. Ngaphandle kukhona ukuphuma okuhlukile, ngakho-ke ukuvakashela i-crypt kungashiywa ekugcineni kohambo.

Isitebhisi esivunguza

Izitebhisi ezijikelezayo ezisetshenziselwa ukukhuphuka ezitezi zokubuka ziyisigungu esonteke ngokuphelele esimangalisa nje. Bathi abantu abaphethwe yizifo zenhliziyo, kanye nokwesaba izindawo eziphakeme nezindawo ezivalekile, akufanele bakusebenzise - kungahle kube kubi.

Ingilazi enamabala

Amafasitela anengilazi enobuciko, ahlinzeka ukukhanya okungajwayelekile futhi apende ingaphakathi lesonto lombhishobhi ngemibala ehlukahlukene, abangela ukujabula okuncane. Isikimu semibala yonke yeSagrada Familia, efanekisela izinkathi ezine, sithathwa njengobuciko obuhlukile. Ochwepheshe bathi kungenxa yakhe ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi enamabala kwaqala ukuthuthuka njengesiqondisi esihlukile sokuhlobisa.

Imininingwane ewusizo

ISagrada Familia Cathedral eseBarcelona, eseCarrer de Mallorca, 401, isebenza ngokwesheduli yonyaka:

Novemba-Februwari: 9 am kuya ku-6 pm;
Mashi nango-Okthoba: 9 ekuseni kuya ku-7 ntambama;
Ephreli-Septhemba: 9 am kuya ku-8 pm;
Amaholide (25.12, 26.12.01.01 no-06.01): kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-2 ntambama.

Izindleko zokuvakasha zincike ohlotsheni lwethikithi:

Ithikithi elinomhlahlandlela womsindo wolimi lwaseRussia - 25 €;
Ithikithi eliyinkimbinkimbi (Cathedral + Audioguide + Towers) - 32 €;
Ithikithi + ukuvakasha kobuchwepheshe - 46 €.

Ukungena kwe-crypt kukhululekile. Imininingwane engaphezulu ingatholakala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yale nxanxathela - https://sagradafamilia.org/

Imithetho yokuvakasha

ISagrada Familia ebhalwe ngu-Antoni Gaudí inemithetho eqinile yokuziphatha esebenza kubo bendawo nabavakashi:

Ukuvakashela okunye kokubuka okuyinhloko kweBarcelona, kufanele ukhethe izingubo ezilula neziseduze ngangokunokwenzeka: azikho izindwangu ezisobala nentambo ejulile, ubude - kuze kube maphakathi nethanga. Izigqoko zivunyelwe kuphela ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo nezempilo, kepha izinyawo kumele zimbozwe.
Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kunohlaka lwensimbi emnyango wesonto elikhulu, kuhlolisiswa izikhwama, ojosaka namapotimende.
Ensimini yeSagrada Familia, ukubhema nokuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo akuvunyelwe.
Kubuye kwenqatshelwe ukuletha ukudla namanzi lapha.
Ukuqoshwa kwezithombe nevidiyo kuvunyelwe kuphela kuselula, ikhamera ye-amateur noma ikhamera ejwayelekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yobuchwepheshe akuvunyelwe.
Ngenkathi usesontweni, zama ukuthula nokuhlonipha.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

Amathiphu awusizo

Lapho uhlela ukuvakashela iSagrada Familia, lalela lawa macebiso awusizo:

Ungayekeli imali ngezinsizakalo zomhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe noma umhlahlandlela womsindo - uzofunda izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Futhi, ungahlala uphatha ama-headphone akho bese usebenzisa idivaysi eyodwa kwamabili. Ngendlela, umhlahlandlela womsindo okhuluma isiNgisi ubiza kancane, ngakho-ke uma ulwazi kahle lolu limi, ungahlala kuwo.
Kufanele uthenge amathikithi ethempelini ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma usuku nesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho kubalulekile kuwe, okungenani izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokuhambela okulindelekile. Lokhu kungenziwa kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni - hhayi kuphela ekhaya, kodwa futhi lapho (kune-Wi-Fi yokukhokha).
Kufanele uze ohambweni imizuzu engu-15-20 ngaphambi kokuqala. I-cathedral igcwele izivakashi, ngakho-ke ukuthola umhlahlandlela akulula kangako, futhi akukho mali ebuyiswayo uma kwenzeka kubambezeleka.
Ufuna ukufika eSagrada Familia mahhala ngokuphelele? Woza enkonzweni yangeSonto, eqala ngo-9 ekuseni bese ithatha cishe ihora (ebanjwa ngezilimi ezahlukene). Lokhu, akusikho ukuvakasha, futhi awukwazi ukuthatha izithombe ngesikhathi seMisa, kepha ungabujabulela ubuhle be-cathedral elangeni lasekuseni. Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhonza umcimbi womphakathi oqoqa inani elikhulu lamakholwa. Indawo elinganiselwe yesonto imane nje ayikwazi ukwamukela bonke abafisayo, - umgomo wokuthi "ngubani owokuqala" uyasebenza.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Amaqiniso Athandekayo

Kunamaqiniso amaningana athakazelisayo ahambisana neSagrada Familia eBarcelona enza kube mnandi kakhulu:

Ngaphandle kokuhleleka kokuthambekela kwamakholomu asekelayo, ukwakheka kwethempeli kuqinile ngokwanele ukumelana nezithombe ezingaphezu kweziyikhulu ngaphezulu nokwakhiwa kwamatshe.

Emithonjeni eminingi yolimi lwaseRussia enye yezidalwa ezinhle kakhulu zika-Antoni Gaudi ibizwa ngeCathedral of the Sagrada Familia. Eqinisweni, isihloko sethempeli elikhulu laseBarcelona ngeleLa Catedral de la Santa Cruz y Santa Eulalia, kuyilapho iSagrada Familia inikezwa isicoco esihluke ngokuphelele - iBasilica Encane Yapapa.
Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwaleli cathedral kuzothatha iminyaka emingaki, uGaudi waphendula ngokuthi ikhasimende lakhe alijahile. Ngasikhathi sinye, wayengasho isikhulu esithile noma umuntu ocebile ohlala edolobheni, kodwa wayesho uNkulunkulu uqobo. Ubuye futhi wabiza ubuchopho bakhe ngokuthi "umsebenzi wezizukulwane ezintathu."
Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu elidume kakhulu eBarcelona kwabambezeleka unomphela. Mhlawumbe isizathu salokhu kwakuyizimfudu ezaziyigargoyle, ezabekwa ngumakhi uGaudi ezinsikeni zamakholomu aphakathi nendawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube muva nje, wonke umsebenzi wokwakha owenziwa endaweni yethempeli wawuthathwa njengongekho emthethweni. Futhi ku-2018 kuphela, abaphatheli besonto basakwazi ukuvumelana nomasipala wedolobha ngokuthola ilayisense ehambisanayo.
Amahemuhemu athi ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu kuzophothulwa kuphela ngo-2026, okungukuthi, ngekhulu leminyaka lokufa kwenkosi enkulu. Ngokomlando othile, lokhu kuzoba ukuphela komhlaba.