I-Istanbul Archaeological Museum: imidwebo emi-3 endaweni eyodwa
I-Archaeological Museum yase-Istanbul ingesinye sezakhiwo zomlando ezibaluleke kakhulu kuleli dolobha, emaqoqweni awo okungenani anemibukiso eyingqayizivele eyisigidi yemiphakathi ehlukahlukene eyake yachuma endaweni yaseTurkey yanamuhla kanye noMbuso wangaphambili wase-Ottoman. Ukwakhiwa komnyuziyamu ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kwaqalwa ngumvubukuli waseTurkey nomdwebi u-Osman Hamdi Bey. Isikhathi eside, lesi sibalo silwela ukuvikelwa kwezikhumbuzo zomlando futhi safuna ukwamukelwa komthetho ovimbela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yamasiko eTurkey.
Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo kwaqala ngo-1881 futhi kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-21, yize ezinye zezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zaqala ukutholwa izivakashi ngo-1891. Ekuqaleni, kwakukhonjiswa amathuna kuphela wekhulu lesi-4 kuya kwelesi-5 kule galari e-Istanbul, ngakho ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuthi iMnyuziyamu yaseSarcophagi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ukuqoqwa kwesikhungo kwanda, okwakudinga ukwakhiwa kwendawo eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1935, ukuvulwa kwesigcinamagugu sesibili okunikezelwe eMpumalanga yasendulo kwenzeka lapha. Ngokushesha lesi sakhiwo sasihlanganisa netende lamandulo lamathayili, elasungulwa ngo-1472 ngoku-oda kwe-Ottoman padishah Mehmed II futhi isikhathi eside liyingxenye yesigodlo seTopkapi Sultan.
Ngo-1991, kwanezelwa isakhiwo esinezitezi eziyisithupha kulesi sikhungo, izitezi ezimbili zokuqala zabekelwa ukugcinwa. Kodwa namuhla ibuye ibe nomnyuziyamu okhethekile wezingane onombukiso wezingane zesikole, ositshela ngomlando woMbuso Wase-Ottoman ngendlela ethokozisayo nefinyelelekayo.
Njengamanje, i-Istanbul Archaeological Museum ingenye yezindawo ezidume kakhulu edolobheni. Itholakala kahle phakathi kokuheha kwedolobha, budebuduze neNdlunkulu yaseTopkapi edumile. Le akuyona indawo lapho kuzodingeka ukuthi ube nesithukuthezi, ngoba ukuvezwa kwenkimbinkimbi, njengomshini wesikhathi, kukuhambisa emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kukhulunywa ngomlando nobuciko bemibuso enamandla kunayo yonke yasendulo. Futhi yini ngempela eboniswa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zomnyuziyamu, sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe ngokuqhubekayo.
Yini engabonakala emnyuziyamu
Sibonga kuphela umsebenzi wentshiseko ka-Osman Hamdi-Bey, hhayi kuphela umsunguli wokwakha, kepha futhi nomqondisi omkhulu wegalari, i-Archaeological Museum yaguqulwa isuka enqolobaneni elula yezinsalela yaba iqoqo lomlando eliyigugu. KwakunguHamdi Bay owachitha imizamo emikhulu ekuhlungeni nasekuhleleni imibukiso, waphinde waba nomthelela ekwandisweni kwesikhwama sesikhungo ngokumbiwa kwemivubukulo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo msebenzi wokucwaninga wawuhlelwe endaweni yaseTurkey yanamuhla nangaphesheya kwemingcele yayo: emazweni aseBalkan, eMesopotamiya, eGrisi, e-Arabia, e-Afrika nakwamanye amaphuzu amaningi.
Namuhla, iMyuziyamu yase-Istanbul ihlukaniswe yaba yimibukiso emithathu emikhulu: ukuvubukula, ithayili kanye nempumalanga yasendulo. Isigaba sokuqala semnyuziyamu sikhombisa imibukiso eminingi ehlobene neRoma lasendulo neGrisi yasendulo, phakathi kwayo ongabona kuzo zombili izikhumbuzo eziqinile nezingcezu ezincane. Kugcinwe kahle amabhasi omnqobi u-Alexander the Great, umbusi uMarcus Aurelius, imbongi uSappho kanye nomsunguli woMbuso WaseRoma u-Octavian Augustus. Lapha ungabheka futhi nezithombe zonkulunkulu basendulo bamaGrikhi uZeus noNeptune. Ingxenye yesithombe sika-Aphrodite, esake sahlobisa iThempeli likaZeus ePergamum, nesithombe sebhubesi, okuyisicaba sokugcina esisindile esivela eMausoleum yaseHalicarnassus, sikhonjisiwe lapha. Izimfanelo zezempi nezinqola ezivela ezikhathini zoMbuso WaseRoma kanye nezindondo eziningi nezinhlamvu zemali zesikhathi se-Ottoman kukhonjisiwe kubavakashi.
Isigaba Sasendulo Sasempumalanga yigumbi elibanzi elinemibukiso eminingi emikhulu engamboziwe ngendlu yengilazi. Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-sarcophagi, lapho ungathola khona ithuna laseLycian elivela ngekhulu lesi-5, i-sarcophagus "Owesifazane Olusizi" onesithombe esiqoshiwe sowesifazane okhalayo, kanye ne-sarcophagi ka-Alexander the Great. Lezi zokugcina zethiwa umqobi omkhulu ngenxa yomhlobiso wamathuna: izigcawu zempi ezivela empilweni yombusi odumile ziyanqoba ekuhlobiseni imikhiqizo. Eziningi zalezi zinto zisenopende wokuqala.
UMnyuziyamu wase-Oriental Oriental ubuye uveze nezidumbu zomfaro baseGibhithe, ama-obelisk kanye nezinto zakudala zaseMesopotamiya, amatshe amathuna, ubucwebe namaphilisi e-cuneiform avela emazweni ahlukahlukene asendulo. Izingxenye zengaphambili lesango le-Ishtar elivela eBhabhiloni lasendulo, elihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yezilwane zasenganekwaneni, zithathwa njengenye yemibukiso ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ukwakhiwa kwesigaba sesithathu semnyuziyamu uqobo kunesithakazelo sangempela: ngemuva kwakho konke, lesi yisakhiwo sekhulu le-15 esake sasebenza njengendawo yokuphumula yamaSultan eSigodlweni iTopkapi. Etendeni lobuciko elifakwe amathayili, kukhonjiswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemikhiqizo yobumba: iningi leqoqo lakhiwe ngezinto zethebula ezenziwe ngezandla nezakhiwo zokuhlobisa ezakhiwe. Esigabeni kunethuba lokuncoma amathayili odumile e-Iznik ceramic, abesetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ingaphakathi lamabhilidi adumile njengeSultanahmet Mosque (Blue) kanye neRustem Pasha Mosque. Leli pavilion libonisa imisebenzi ye-ceramic eyenziwe ngabasebenza ngobuciko base-Ottoman naseSeljuk, kanye nezibonelo zakamuva zezingcweti ze-Anatolian.
Ufika kanjani lapho
I-Istanbul Archaeological Museum itholakala esifundeni esinomlando wedolobha, eduze kwezindawo eziningi ezihehayo. Izinto eziseduzane negalari yiTopkapi Palace nepaki endala e-Istanbul - Gulhane, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuhlanganisa ukuvakashela lezi zindawo. Noma ngabe uhlela ukutadisha imiboniso yomnyuziyamu ngemininingwane emincane kakhulu, ungabeka usuku lonke ukuvakashela izakhiwo. Kunoma ikuphi, ukufika lapha kulula ngokwanele.
Ukuze ufike lapho uya khona, udinga ukuthatha ujantshi olula we-T1 Kabataş-Bağcılar. Udinga ukwehla esiteshini saseGülhane, ngemuva kwalokho kuzofanela uhambe cishe amamitha angama-450 usiya eningizimu-mpumalanga yesitobhi, okumele kungathathi ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyisithupha.
Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu
Imininingwane ewusizo
Ikheli: ICankurtaran Mh., 34122 Fatih / İstanbul.
Amahora wokuvula: ngesikhathi sasebusika kusuka ngo-Okthoba 30 kuya ku-Ephreli 15, umnyuziyamu uvulwa kusukela ngo-09: 00 kuye ku-16: 45. Udinga ukuthenga amathikithi bese ufaka isakhiwo ngaphambi kuka-16: 00. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo kusuka ngo-Ephreli 15 kuya ku-Okthoba 30, isikhungo sivuliwe kusuka ngo-09: 00 kuya ku-18: 45. Amahhovisi amathikithi avulwa kuze kube ngu-18: 00.
Izindleko zokuvakasha: 20 tl.
Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: Istanbul Archaeological Museum inewebhusayithi yayo ethi www.istanbularkeoloji.gov.tr.
Funda futhi: Uhlelo lwesitimela sase-Istanbul nezici zokusebenzisa isitimela.
Amathiphu awusizo
- Ngo-2018, umsebenzi wokubuyisela uyaqhubeka eMyuziyamu yase-Istanbul, ngakho-ke ingxenye enkulu yale mibukiso yayingaphandle kwendawo yokufinyelela. Uma ufuna ukubona ukuvezwa ngokugcwele, sikukwazisa ukuthi ukuhlehlise ukuvakashela igalari kuze kube sekupheleni kokwakhiwa kabusha.
- Lezi zakhiwo zingavakashelwa mahhala ngeMuseum Museum, edayiswa emahhovisi amathikithi alesi sakhiwo. Intengo yayo yi-125 tl, futhi ikunikeza ithuba lokuya ngokukhululeka kwezinye izindawo ezikhokhelwayo ze-Istanbul.
- Hlela isikhathi sakho kusengaphambili, unake amahora okuvula e-Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi ithikithi lokugcina lingathengwa kusasele imizuzu engama-45 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvala esisemthethweni.
- Kuzokuthatha amahora amabili kuya kwangu-3 ukuvakashela imidwebo emithathu yale nxanxathela.
- Abavakashi abavakashele umnyuziyamu bayelulekwa ukuthi babheke ikhefi elisegcekeni, lapho kufanele uphumule khona ngenkomishi yekhofi laseTurkey futhi ubuke amapholi nonogolantethe.
- Njengomthetho, ayikho imigqa emikhulu emahhovisi amathikithi emnyuziyamu, kepha ngenkathi yehlobo kungahle kube nabantu abaningi kunalokho ebesingathanda, ngakho-ke hlela uhambo lwakho unalokhu engqondweni.
- Ku-2018, umhlahlandlela womsindo wasemnyuziyamu awusebenzi, futhi imininingwane emayelana nemibukiso ivezwa emapuletini kuphela ngesiTurkey nangesiNgisi. Ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ufunda imininingwane ngalesi sakhiwo ngaphambi kokuvakashela indawo.
Amanani ekhasini elikaJanuwari 2019.
Umphumela
Ukuvakashela i-Archaeological Museum yase-Istanbul kuzothakazelisa hhayi kuphela kubathandi bemivubukulo nomlando, kepha nakwabavakashi abangazi lutho ngempucuko yasendulo. Iqoqo layo elicebile lifaka imibukiso eminingi eyingqayizivele ongayitholi i-analogue kunoma iyiphi enye imnyuziyamu emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuvakashela lapha, mhlawumbe ngisho nangaphezu kokukodwa.