Izifo nezinambuzane zekamelo gerbera

Ama-Gerberas, afana nama-daisy amaningi anemibala eminingi, athandwa ngezimbali zawo ezigqamile ezingavamile. Zitholakala engadini, emibhedeni yezimbali, kuma-windows sills ezimbizeni.
Kodwa lezi zitshalo ezintekenteke zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, ngoba zesaba izinambuzane nezinambuzane futhi zingenwa yizifo eziningi zesikhunta.

Izindlela zokuvimbela nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi ngeke kuvumele ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zife. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka izifo ezivame kakhulu zegumbi gerbera, nokuthi yiziphi izinambuzane ezikhona. Ngokubambisana sizofunda ukuthi singaziphatha kanjani kahle izimbali esizithandayo, ngoba akuyona imfihlo kunoma ngubani, ama-gerberas angenye yezitshalo zasendlini ezivame kakhulu.

Kungaba yini imbangela?

I-Gerbera iyimbali engapheli ye-herbaceous evela e-Afrika eshisayo. Namuhla, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-70 zalesi sitshalo seCompositae ziyaziwa. Ama-gerberas amaningi atshalwa emibhedeni yezimbali nasezivandeni. Ku-floriculture yasendlini, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhule i-Gemsen gerbera encane kuphela futhi engenamqondo kakhulu.

OKUBALULEKILE! Le mbali, njengezitshalo eziningi zasendlini, ihlaselwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene. Kepha imvamisa imbangela yesimo sayo esingesihle akuyona izinambuzane noma izifo, kepha ukunakekelwa okungafanele nezimo ezikhulayo ezingathandeki.

Izibonelo:

1. Uma amaqabunga ephenduka alahlekile futhi elahlekelwa umbala, isizathu esiyinhloko ukukhanyisa ngokweqile. Ukulungisa lokhu, imbiza yembali kufanele ihlelwe kabusha kude nefasitela endaweni emnyama.
2. Uma amaqabunga ephela, futhi iziqu zelulwa futhi ziba zincane, khona-ke isitshalo kulokhu, asinakho ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele. Imbali kufanele ibekwe efasiteleni elingaseningizimu, lapho kukhona khona ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe.

Izifo zezitshalo zingabangelwa:

• Isimo esingagculisi sohlelo lwempande.
• Umbuso wokunisela nokukhanyisa ongalungile.
• Ukulimala kwesitshalo yizinambuzane.

Funda ngokuthi unganakekela kanjani i-gerbera yegumbi ezimbizeni lapha, futhi kulesi sihloko uzofunda ngama-nuances wokutshala nokunakekela isitshalo sengadi.

Isithombe

Okulandelayo, ungabona isithombe segciwane lesifo segciwane nezindlela zokwelashwa kwazo:

Izifo zefungal

I-Alternaria

Izimpawu:

1. Amaqabunga nama-petioles esitshalo athinta izindawo ezibomvu nsundu ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhamba ngezinyawo kugxila ezindaweni ezithile.
2. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, izindawo ziba lula kancane phakathi nendawo.
3. Ngomswakama omningi ngokweqile, amabala avele i-velvety emnyama.
4. Amaqabunga athola umbala ophuzi, njengokushisa (funda ukuthi kungani amaqabunga egumbi le-gerbera ephuzi nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuvimbela, funda lapha).
5. I-pathogen igcinwa isikhathi eside emhlabathini nasezinhlotsheni zezitshalo.

Izimbangela:

• Umoya oshisayo owomile wasendlini.
• Umswakama owandayo wemvelo nomhlabathi.
• Ukudla okungalungile noma okunganele futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuncipha kwe-substrate.

Izindlela zokulawula:

1. Ungavumeli imbali ukuba ithambe ngenxa yokushoda kokudla.
2. Yivikele ekumeni ngokweqile kwamanzi
3. Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, yelapha lesi sitshalo nge-systemic fungicide Ridomil Gold.

Ukubola okumpunga

Izimpawu:

1. Ukuqhakaza okumpunga kuvela phansi kweqabunga, ama-peduncles nezimbali.
2. Izindawo ezithintekile ziyaphela.
3. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, i-gerbera ingafa ngokuphelele.
4. I-pathogen igcinwa kudoti wezitshalo nasemhlabathini isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
5. Lesi sitshalo sinegciwane, imvamisa ngomhlabathi noma ngamanzi.

Izimbangela:

• Umswakama womoya uphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukufakwa kwamanzi kwe-substrate.
• I-nitrogen eyeqile enhlabathini.

Izindlela zokulawula:

1. Bheka izindinganiso ze-agrotechnical, ugcine umswakama ophelele womoya nenhlabathi.
2. Uma kutholakala isifo, yelapha lesi sitshalo ngesibulali-fungu esistimu: iRovral noma iFundazol.

Ikhukhamba KaMose

Izimpawu:

1. Emaqabunga ezimbali, kuvela amabala ezinhlobonhlobo zombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza anemiphetho ebukhali.
2. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, ishidi lepulasitiki likhubazekile.
3. Ukufakwa kwesikhumba emithanjeni yamaqabunga nakho kungabonakala.
4. I-necrosis yesitshalo iyakhula.
5. Leli gciwane lisakazwa yizinambuzane ezinomlomo ohlabayo, njenge-aphid.
6. Ngaphandle kwalokho, igciwane lingavezwa ngomshini esitshalweni.
7. Le fungus ayiqhubeki enhlabathini.
8. Leli gciwane lisebenza kakhulu ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo.

Izimbangela:

• Ukungabikho kwelanga.
• Umswakama ophezulu wemvelo.
• Umoya ubanda kakhulu.

Izindlela zokulawula:

1. Gada umswakama nokushisa kuma.
2. Ukwelashwa kokuvikela imbali enezinambuzane.

Ukulimala okwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi

Izimpawu:

1. Amaqabunga anezifo ayoma ngaphandle kwempahla.
2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga omile ngaphakathi.
3. Izimbali ziyawa, izimpande zibole bese isitshalo siyafa.
4. Isikhunta sihlala isikhathi eside ku-substrate futhi sitshale imfucumfucu.
5. Lesi sifo sisakazeka emoyeni nasemhlabathini.

Izimbangela:

• Ukugqokwa okweqile.
• Ukubekwa kwamanzi ngokweqile kwe-substrate.
• Izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu.

Izindlela zokulawula:

1. Bheka amasu afanele okukhulisa izitshalo. Sebenzisa i-substrate evulekile, evulekile.
2. Ezibonakalisweni zokuqala zokugula, yeka ukuchelela, uguqule kancane i-substrate iye kokoma.
3. Sebenzisa amalungiselelo we-fungicidal: Ridomil, Profit Gold noma Previkur.

I-Sclerotinosis

Izimpawu:

1. Lesi sitshalo siqala ukubuna ngokushesha.
2. Ngesisekelo samaqabunga naku-peduncles, kwakhiwa izindawo ezicindezelekile, lapho kuqhakaza khona umhlophe nomhlophe.
3. I-pathogen igcinwa emhlabathini isikhathi eside.

Izimbangela:

• Umswakama owedlulele emhlabathini.
• Ukweqisa ngokweqile ngomanyolo ophilayo.
• Izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu.

Izindlela zokulawula:

1. Shintsha i-substrate ibe elula, evulekile.
2. Ungadluli ngokweqile futhi uvuselele inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile.
3. Sebenzisa ama-fungicides e-systemic Vitaros noma i-Fundazol.

Isikhunta se-Powdery

Izimpawu:

1. Isikhunta se-Powdery isikhutha sibonakala kakhulu ezitshalweni ezisencane.
2. Ama-petioles ezimbali aqale ambozwe mhlophe, bese eqhakaza ngokumpunga okumhlophe.
3. Ngokukhula kwesifo, zonke izitshalo zithinteka ngamabhulethi aqhakaza.
4. Amaqabunga, ama-peduncles kanye namafihlekile kuyoma futhi imbali iyafa.
5. I-pathogen isemoyeni futhi igcinwa isikhathi eside kumfucumfucu yezitshalo.

Izimbangela:

• Umswakama ophezulu.
• Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-calcium emhlabathini.
• Ukondla ngokweqile.

Izindlela zokulawula:

1. Ungawusebenzisi ngokweqile umhlabathi, bheka umbuso wokushisa, uhlinzeke ngesibani esanele sesitshalo, futhi uvuse umoya we-substrate.
2. Faka isikhunta iTopazi neFundazol.

Izinambuzane

Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezitshalweni ezifuywayo kanye nama-gerberas yizintwala, izimpukane ezimhlophe kanye nezibungu zesicabucabu.

I-Aphid

Lesi silokazane, cishe esingabonakali ngamehlo, sisakazeka kulesi sitshalo ngokushesha okukhulu. Lesi sinambuzane esiyingozi singangena egumbini ngefasitela noma kuvulandi. Uhlala emakoloni amakhulu, udla ubisi lwesitshalo.

Ungalwa kanjani:

1. Ukuqeda lesi silokazane, isitshalo sidinga ukwelashwa ngesibulali zinambuzane esinamandla izikhathi eziningana. Ngalezi zinhloso, i-Intavir, iFitoverm noma iKarbofos ifanelekile.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho amaqabunga embali kufanele agezwe ngamanzi afudumele futhi asulwe ngobumnene. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukuqeda izinambuzane.

Inkomba! Uma ingalashwa ngesikhathi, khona-ke imbali enesifo sezintwala iyoma bese iyafa.

I-Whitefly

I-whitefly ibuye idle umuthi wezitshalo, ubenze baphenduke baphuzi futhi bawe. Isinambuzane sizala ngokushesha okukhulu. Izibungu eziyingozi kakhulu zalolu hlobo, okunzima ukuziqeda.

Ungalwa kanjani:

1. Geza i-gerbera ngamanzi afudumele anensipho.
2. Susa isitshalo esinegciwane ususe ezifuyweni ezinempilo.
3. Phatha umhlabathi ngokulungiselela ngesilinganiso esikhulu se-permethrin.
4. Udinga ukunisela imbali njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu ize ilulame bese iqala ukukhula futhi.

Isicabucabu

Amanethi obulembu obucole kakhulu avela emaqabunga e-gerbera. Izibungu zesicabucabu zondla ngomsizi weqabunga, ngenxa yalokho ziba phuzi bese ziqala ukuwa. Lesi sinambuzane sivela ngokunisela okwanele nangokomisa ngokweqile komoya.

Ungalwa kanjani:

1. Futha isitshalo ngesisombululo se-anyanisi noma sikagalikhi. Iresiphi: 1 litre. amanzi ama-gramu angama-20 egalikhi noma ikhasi likanyanisi.
2. Ungasula amaqabunga nesiqu sembali nge-swab kakotini nokugcoba utshwala.
3. Uma lokhu kungasizi, sebenzisa i-Actellik, Fitoverm noma i-Neoron insectides.

Ukuvimbela

Ukuze ama-gerberas abe nokumelana okuphezulu nezifo futhi amelane kahle nezinto eziphilayo ze-pathogenic, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuvikela ukuqinisa nokwenza ngcono imbali:

1. Hlola imbali ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuyithenga izifo nezinambuzane.
2. Bamba umhlabathi substrate ngaphambi kokutshala kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokubulala amagciwane.
3. Lawula ubumuncu bomhlabathi bese wondla kahle isitshalo.
4. Bheka umbuso wokushisa ofanele, ungawushisi ngokweqile noma uwupholise ngokweqile umuthi we-gerbera, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqabunga awo azoqala ukugoqana awe.
5. Nikeza ukukhanyisa okwanele nokwanele.
6. Nisela amanzi njalo, kepha lungisa ukuchelela ngokucophelela ukugwema ukwanda komswakama okwedlulele okungakhulisa i-pathogenic flora.

Isiphetho

Ngokulandela le mithetho elula yokunakekela i-gerbera, uzosindisa isitshalo ezifweni eziningi. Ungaphatheki kabi futhi ucasuke uma imbali yakho oyithandayo igula. Lokhu kungenzeka ngisho nomlimi onolwazi. Vele usize i-gerbera ukuqeda izinambuzane nezifo, futhi izokujabulisa ngezimbali ezinhle nezinamandla isikhathi eside.