Ukubuka konke kwezifo ze-Gloxinia ezinezithombe nokwelashwa

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I-Gloxinia isitshalo sokuhlobisa esibucayi esinezimbali ezimibalabala nezinde. Kepha izifo ezahlukahlukene nezinambuzane zingonakalisa ukubonakala kwembali noma ziholele ekufeni kwayo.

Lokhu kungagwenywa uma wazi izifo ezivame kakhulu futhi ugxile kuyo yonke imizamo yokuvimbela.

Esihlokweni, sizobheka ukuthi kungani i-gloxinia ibuna futhi yome, kanye nezinye izifo nokuthi ungayibuyisela kanjani ekuphileni. Futhi bukela ividiyo ewusizo futhi efundisayo ngesihloko.

Izici zezitshalo

I-Gloxinia - isiko lokuqhakaza elimangalisayo lasendlini... Isici saso siqhakaza izimbali, futhi ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela nezimo ezikahle, kungakheka amabhulshi afika ku-15-20 embali eyodwa. I-Gloxinia iyisilimo semifino esingapheli esidabuka eBrazil. Ubukhulu bayo buncane: ukuphakama kwesitshalo esidala kungu-15-30 cm.

Encwadini. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-Gloxinia zihlala iminyaka engu-3-4, kepha njengoba zikhula, izimbali ziba zincane kakhulu.

Amaqabunga afinyelela ubude obungu-15-25 cm, oval, embozwe yi-fluff, eneziphetho ze-scalloped, i-rosette. I-Gloxinia blooms kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti. Kuma-peduncles amade, kwakhiwa izimbali ezinkulu, "zegramafoni". Ububanzi bawo bungu-10 cm. Umbala ungaba opinki, onsomi, omhlophe.

Izifo zefungal nezindlela zokwelashwa kwazo

Ngezansi sizokhuluma ngezifo eziyinhloko zefungal ezithinta i-pelargonium, nokuthi yini nokuthi kungenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa.

Ukulimala okwedlule

Lesi yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngoba asikwazi ukwelashwa. Ukulimala okwenzeka ngemuva kwesikhathi kukhula ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa okushisayo kwama-9-20 degrees. Ngokulimala sekwephuzile, izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyisici:

ukubuna okujwayelekile kwesitshalo;
ukwakheka kwamabala ansundu emaqabunga;
ukuqhakaza okumhlophe ngaphakathi kweshidi.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka kutholakala yonke indawo futhi kusakazeka ngokushesha. Isihlahla esithintekile asinakulapheka; sisuswa kanye nomhlabathi. Nge-prophylaxis, ukufafaza ngemithi enjalo kwenziwa: i-Kuprozan neTeneb (40 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).

Isikhunta se-Powdery

Ukunakwa! Lesi sifo sakhiwa ngokumelene nesizinda somswakama ophezulu nezinguquko zokushisa.

Kuye, ukwakheka kwewebhu yesicabucabu esimhlophe kuyisici. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngenhlabathi noma ngokusungula. Susa izakhi zezitshalo ezithintekile, uphathe nembali uqobo ngamafungicides:

UBayleton.
Kepha.
I-Quadris.
URajok.
Ijubane
Nyakazisa.

I-Downy isikhutha

it isifo sefungal sithinta phezulu kwesitshalo. Amaqabunga agulayo imibimbi, aqala ukugoqana abe yishubhu (ungafunda ngezinye izifo zamaqabunga e-gloxinia lapha). Lapho i-petiole yeqabunga ilimele, iyoma futhi inyamalale. Amabala angacacile akha amaqabunga ngaphandle kwamaqabunga. Zingaba ngemibala ehlukene:

ophuzi;
nsundu ngokubomvu;
nsomi.

Ukukhula kwesikhunta kuthonywe yilezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

ukushisa komoya okuphansi ebusuku;
inhlabathi esindayo ene-asidi;
umswakama ophezulu.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha imbali.:

Ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo enhlanganisela yethusi:
- Thanos;
- ITopazi;
- I-Vectra.
Ngokuqala kokwakhiwa kwezithelo, fafaza izitshalo ngeGamair (ngesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-15).
Ukucubungula ngobisi lwe-iodine. Hlanganisa ilitha elilodwa lobisi olungenamafutha namalitha amanzi ayi-9-10, engeza amaconsi ayi-10-14 we-5% iodine.
Ukumnika umlotha. Thela u-200 g womlotha ngamalitha amathathu wamanzi abilayo. Letha umthamo wamanzi ufike kumalitha ayi-10, hlunga bese ucubungula izitshalo.

I-Anthracnose

Inkomba. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokwakhiwa kwamabala amancane ansundu. Okokuqala, bathelela amaqabunga, bese behambisa iziqu namafihlekile.

Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokusabalala okusheshayo, ngakho-ke susa isitshalo esithintekile.

Ukuze uvimbele, phatha imbali ngezidakamizwa ezilandelayo:

i-oxychloride yethusi;
I-Cuproxat;
Oxyhom.

I-Ascochitosis

Lesi sifo sihambisana namabala ansundu noma abomvu emaqabungeni, bese kuthi onqenqemeni banomphetho onsundu. Isizathu sokubonakala komswakama owandayo egumbini. I-Ascochitis isifo esiyingozi... Wonke amaqabunga athintekile kufanele asuswe futhi ashiswe.

Ukonga isitshalo, siphathe nge-sulfate yethusi noma izidakamizwa ezifana neVectra, Adiga-peak. Phinda ukwelashwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10.

I-Septoriasis

Izifo ze-fungal zenzeka ngesizinda somswakama ophakeme, ukukhanya okunganele nokuxhumana isikhathi eside namanzi. Amabala akha amaqabunga abukeka njengokugqwala. Isiqu, amaqabunga kanye namafihlekile kuyabuna futhi kome ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-fungicides: Maneb, Benomil.

I-Phylostictosis

Lesi sifo siqala ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu. Amabala amnyama ayindilinga akha amaqabunga, ansundu phakathi.

Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kunezelwa izinyembezi emabalaleni. Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, udinga ukomisa isitshalo.

Bese wenza ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezinjalo:

Uketshezi lweBordeaux;
I-oksijeni;
I-Copper sulfate.

I-Fusarium

Kwenzeka ngenxa yokunisela okungafanele nenhlabathi engcolisiwe. Amaqabunga esitshalo abune futhi agobe, athola umbala onsundu. Ukuqhekeka nemivimbo emnyama kuyabonakala emahlumela.

Ukwelashwa kunezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

Ukushintshwa kwenhlabathi.
Hlanza izilimo eziyizigaxa nezimpande kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (5 g we-potassium permanganate ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi).
Shintsha imbali ibe yi-substrate entsha. Kufanele kube lula futhi kube nomsoco (funda ngokuthi ungayifaka kanjani kahle imbali lapha)
Phatha nge-fungicide.

Ukubola okumpunga

Inkomba. Kwenzeka ngokunganele ukuphefumula kwenhlabathi nomswakama ophezulu.

Amahlamvu neziqu kuthinteka ukuqhakaza okumpunga. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:

Nciphisa umswakama wasendlini.
Faka isihlabathi esincane noma i-vermiculite enhlabathini. Lokhu kuzonikeza umoya omuhle ezimpandeni.
Nciphisa ukuchelela.
Susa amaqabunga athintwe ukubola.
Phatha ngamafungicides.

Yini okufanele uyenze nezinye izifo?

Kwezinye izifo, lesi sitshalo sivame ukusongelwa amagciwane kanye ne-bacteriosis. Ake sithole ukuthi singasiza ngandlela thile kulezi zimo.

Amagciwane

Lesi sifo siqhamuka ngemuva kwamagciwane angena ngezinambuzane noma ngezinhlamvu zefungal. Amachashazi, imivimbo kanye nodeshi kwenzeka emaqabungeni nasezimbali. Alikho ikhambi lalesi sifo. Susa isitshalo esithintekile ebhodweni bese ushisa.

I-bacteriosis

Amagciwane angeniswa ngemishini engalashwa, imbiza, noma inhlabathi engenawo amagciwane. Banqoba:

Isigaxa;
efihlekile;
izinso;
amaqabunga;
iziqu.

I-bacteriosis ayikwazi ukwelashwa. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, udinga ukususa imbali. Ukuvimbela kufaka ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kweZircon ne-Epin. Le mithi ivuselela ukuzivikela kwesitshalo.

Izinambuzane nokuthi ungaziqeda kanjani

Izinambuzane azilimazi kangako ezitshalweni uma ziqhathaniswa nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Cabanga ngabamele izilwane ezifanayo.

Isicabucabu

Lezi zinambuzane zivela ngenxa yomswakama onganele nomoya owomile. Ukuhlala kwembali eyodwa, bakha ikoloni labantu abangaba yikhulu. Zondla ngobisi lwesitshalo, yingakho amabala amancane akha emaqabungeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziyakhanya futhi zome.

Encwadini. Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwesicabucabu kunciphise ukuhlolwa kwesitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele.

Khulisa umswakama egumbini lapho kutholakala khona imbali. Ukulwa nesinambuzane, kunikezwa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ngeFitoverm, amalungiselelo we-Intovir.
Ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngemithi ecekela phansi igobolondo lezibungu - i-Aldikabr, Temik.
Ukwandisa umswakama, fafaza isitshalo bese usibeka ku-greenhouse.

Phinda izehlakalo ezinjalo ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ukuqeda abantu abanamandla. ICyclamen mite Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zigcwala engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga. Lapho usonakalisiwe, lesi sitshalo siyayeka ukukhula, futhi zonke izingxenye zaso zikhubazekile. Emaphethelweni, iqabunga ligobile, kanti isiqu sisontekile. Amahlumela ayabuna futhi aqhekeke, kanti lawo aqhakazayo enza isimo esingajwayelekile.

Ingxenye ephezulu yamahlumela iyoma, ithola umbala onsundu. Lapho kunabantu abaningi, amakoloni abo abukeka njengokuqongelela uthuli. Ukulwa nemikhaza ye-cyclamen:

Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ngeFitoverm, amalungiselelo we-Intovir.
Ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngezidakamizwa ezibhubhisa igobolondo lezibungu - i-Aldicabr, Temik

Ama-Thrips

Ama-thrips ahlukile kwezinye izinambuzane emzimbeni wawo omude. Abanye abantu bahlala efihlekile yezitshalo futhi bahlala lapho impilo yabo yonke, abanye bakhetha amaqabunga. Zidla ujusi noma umpe. Lapho kukhona ama-thrips, amabala alula akha amaqabunga ezimbali - imivimbo noma imivimbo. Ziyahlangana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lokhu kuholela ekubuneni kwezimbali namaqabunga. Ziyoma ziwe. Ukwelashwa kuncishiselwa emisebenzini elandelayo:

Ukuhlolwa kwembali. Uma ikoloni litholakala kunoma yisiphi isitshalo esisodwa, lisuse kokunye.
Khipha amagciwane lapho kutholakala khona imbali.
Phatha zonke izitshalo eziseduze ngamalungiselelo alandelayo:
- I-Fitoverm;
- Akletik;
- I-Vermitic;
- Intavir.
Banciphise ngokuya ngemiyalo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, phinda ukwelashwa.

Isihlangu

Ungasibona isinambuzane esikalini ngokuba khona kukanyosi onamathelayo emaqabungeni. Isinambuzane sisakazeka kuso sonke isitshalo, sithinta isiqu, amaqabunga kanye namafihlekile. Udla ijusi yesiko, uliphuca izakhi zokulandela ngomkhondo. Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, ome, ukukhula kwamahlumela amancane kuyama.

Ukunakwa! Uma ungaqali ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, i-gloxinia izofa.

Ukwelashwa kuqukethe le misebenzi elandelayo:

Ukuhlanza isitshalo ezinambuzaneni. Thatha iphedi likakotini bese ulithambisa kwisisombululo se-mash (1 litre lamanzi no-20 g wensipho). Phatha zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ngekhambi, ususe ama-scabbards.
Futha imbali ngesibulali zinambuzane - iBankol noma i-Aktar. Mboza nge-foil ihora elilodwa. Ukuze uthole imiphumela ephezulu, phinda ukwelashwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4.
Hlukanisa izitshalo ezinegciwane ugeze kahle indawo yokutheleleka ngamanzi anensipho.

I-Whitefly

Lesi sinambuzane sinombala omhlophe, ngakho-ke kulula ukusibona. Abantu abakhulayo bayingozi kakhulu. Izinambuzane zondla ubisi lwamaqabunga neziqu.

Abantu abadala bashiya imikhiqizo yabo kadoti emaqabungeni. Lokhu kudala izimo ezingezinhle ze-photosynthesis. Amaqabunga aqala ukubola, isiqu siyashintsha, amahlumela awaboshiwe.

Izinambuzane zingangeniswa enhlabathini, ezinye izitshalo, ngokuhamba komoya kusuka kwezinye izimbali ezigulayo. Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeke, khona-ke amakhemikhali alandelayo asetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane:

UVertimek CE;
Actellik KE;
Umlawuli wezempi;
I-Kinmix;
U-Oberon.

Zisebenza emathunjini e-parasite, zibangele ukufa kwayo.

I-Mealybug

Lesi sinambuzane sishiya ungqimba olunamathelayo emaqabungeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, baphenduka baphuzi futhi bawe. Ukukhula kwamahlumela kuyama. I-mealybug yisinanakazana esifana nezintwala, kuphela unomzimba omhlophe. Izinambuzane zidla ubisi lwamaqabunga nezimbali. Abantu bavundile impela.

Izimuncagazi ezindala zenza amakoloni hhayi amaqabunga kuphela, kodwa nezimpande kanye namandla ezimbali.

Inkomba. Ama-Mealybugs afana nezindawo ezomile nezifudumele, umswakama ophansi kangaka egumbini uhlala uyisizathu esiyinhloko sokubonakala kwawo.

Ukwelashwa kufaka imisebenzi elandelayo:

Sula izingxenye ezithintekile nge-swab kakotini efakwe kwisisombululo sotshwala bese ulinda imizuzu engama-30, kuzoba lula ukususa izinambuzane.
Yenza ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo alandelayo:
- Karbofos;
- I-Tsvetofos;
- Intavir;
- Isinqumo;
- I-Phosbecid;
- I-Actellic.
Ukusiza isibulala-zinambuzane ukuthi sinamathele emagobolondweni avikela lesi sinambuzane, engeza ama-20 ml ketshezi lokugeza izitsha.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu nezindlela zokuvuselela imbali

Abalimi bezingadi bavame ukuzibuza nge-etiology yezifo zezitshalo nezindlela zokubhekana nazo. Ake sifunde izimbangela zezinkinga ezahlukahlukene nokuthi zingaxazululwa kanjani.

Ama-peduncles aphenduka amnyama

Kungani ama-peduncles angashintsha abe mnyama:

ukugcwala kwamanzi ngokweqile;
ukusabela okune-asidi kakhulu kwenhlabathi pH;
inani eleqile lomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen.

Ungalungisa le nkinga ngokulandelayo:

Shintsha umhlabathi, lungisa ukuchelela.
Ukuze ungagcini inhlabathi nge-nitrogen, sebenzisa izinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Yenza ukwelashwa ngeFitosporin, Maxim. Lokhu kuzosindisa i-gloxinia peduncle ekonakaleni.

Ngokwengeziwe, ungafunda ukuthi kungani ama-gloxinia buds eba mnyama lapha.

Kungani isiqu siselula?

Abalimi abaningi abazi ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka nokuthi benzeni esimweni lapho isiqu se-gloxinia side kakhulu. Ukuxazulula le nkinga ejwayelekile, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuthi ucabange ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngezizathu ezimbili:

Ukukhanya okungalungile. I-Gloxinia isiko elithanda ukukhanya futhi, ekukhanyeni okuphansi, liqala ukwelula isiqu. Isixazululo senkinga silula - faka ibhodwe lembali endaweni ekhanyisiwe.
Isiqu sikhishwa kulezo zitshalo ezingathunyelwe "ekuphumuleni". Kuyadingeka ukuthena, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela ahlanganisiwe ngeke anikeze izimbali ezinde nezinhle.
Isici sokuhlukahluka. Akukho okungenziwa ngalokhu, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukukhanya. Ngaphansi kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo, kungahle kube nokushoda kokukhanya, okukhombisa ubukhazikhazi bezimbali.

Imbali ye-Crochet

Okubalulekile! Uma izimbali ze-gloxinia ziqale ukugoqana, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isiko lalibanda kakhulu noma laliniselwa kaningi.

Ukuthuthuka kwenkinga kungathonywa:

izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu;
okusalungiswa;
inhlabathi empofu, engacebiswanga kumaminerali.

Umanyolo onzima oqukethe i-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-nitrogen uzosiza ukubhekana nale nkinga. Beka imbiza yembali ohlangothini oluseningizimu, lungisa ukuchelela.

Isithombe

Ngezansi ungabona izithombe zezifo ezivamile nezinkinga ze-gloxinia.

Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Imvamisa, i-gloxinia ibola ngenxa yokungathobeli imithetho ye-agrotechnical. Cabanga ukuthi yini lesi sitshalo esidinga impilo.

Ukukhanyisa

I-Gloxinia ithanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kepha okungafani. Ukukhanya kwelanga akwamukelekile kuye. Amafasitela abheke entshonalanga noma empumalanga ahlala eyindawo efanelekayo yokubeka izimbiza.

Izitshalo ezikhula emawindini aseningizimu zidinga ukufakwa okwengeziwe, njengoba ilanga eliqondile lizobangela ukusha emaqabungeni.

Ithempelesha

Qaphela! Njengoba lesi sitshalo siveze izikhathi zokukhula okusebenzayo nokulala, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso wokushisa.

Ehlobo, egumbini lapho i-gloxinia ikhula khona, gcina izinga lokushisa lama-20-22 degrees. Ebusuku, kuvunyelwe ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa liye kuma-degree angu-18. Ebusika, ngesikhathi sokulala se-gloxinia, izinkomba zama-10-14 degrees zibhekwa njengokukhululeka.

Umswakama

Umswakama womoya kufanele ube phakathi kwama-70-80%. Uma amanzi engena emaqabungeni nasezimbali ze-gloxinia, azoqala ukubola. Ukuze umoya ube mswakama, beka ibhodwe ku-pallet eligcwele ubumba olumanzi olumanzi noma amatshe amancane.

Umhlabathi

I-Gloxinia ifuna ngenhlabathi. Udinga ukutshala isitshalo enhlanganisweni ekhethekile yenhlabathi:

I-Violet;
Begonia;
USaintpaulia.

Lapho uzilungiselela i-substrate ngokwakho, sebenzisa izinto ezilandelayo:

umhlabathi onamaqabunga - izingxenye ezimbili;
umhlaba we-peat - ingxenye eyodwa;
isihlabathi somfula - ingxenye eyodwa.

Ukudonsa kuyadingeka embali. Kufanele yena:

ubumba olunwetshiwe;
wageza igobolondo leqanda;
I-Styrofoam.

Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezidingo zenhlabathi ze-gloxinia kulesi sihloko.

Ezinye izindlela ezibalulekile zokuvimbela

Kuyadingeka ukuthambisa umhlaba njengoba usoma. Kulokhu, kufanele kuthelwe amanzi epanini noma onqenqemeni lwebhodwe.Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuchelela kufanele kube kuningi. Kulokhu, amanzi amaningi angabhubhisa imbali, futhi izobola. Ngemuva kokuchelela, beka ibhodwe ku-gauze elimanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho umswakama owedlulele uyangena. Ukusimamisa inhlabathi, sebenzisa amanzi ahleliwe ekamelweni lokushisa.

I-Gloxinia idinga umquba ngezikhathi ezithile wezimbali zasendlini eziqhakazayo. Thumela kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti njalo ngesonto. Faka u-½ womthamo okhonjiswe kumiyalo (I-Giant, Gumi). Ngesikhathi sokulala, awudingi ukuvundisa. Funda mayelana nokuthi unganisela kanjani futhi wondle kahle i-gloxinia lapha.

Ungathola okuningi ngokunakekela i-gloxinia lapha, futhi lapha sikhulume ngezici zokulinywa kwayo ekhaya.

Ngakho-ke, i-gloxinia isitshalo sendlu esintekenteke nesintekenteke, okuthi, uma kungalandelwa imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, singathelela izinambuzane nezifo. Umsebenzi we-florist ukuthola ukuhlulwa ngesikhathi futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvuselela kabusha ngokuphuthumayo.

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