Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-agave: I-Agave attenuata namanye amalungu omndeni

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I-Agave isitshalo esingapheli esingenasihlahla esiyisihlobo esiseduze se-cacti ne-aloe (funda lapha ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani i-agave ne-cactus ne-aloe). IMexico ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yale mbali, kodwa futhi iyakhula naseCaucasus, eNyakatho Melika naseCrimea. I-Agave yathola igama layo ngokuhlonipha indodakazi yenkosi yasendulo yamaGrikhi futhi ihunyushwa ngokuthi - ehloniphekile, ekhazimulayo, enhle futhi efanele ukumangala. Isitshalo se-agave sinezinhlobo nezinhlobo eziningi, okuzoxoxwa ngazo kulesi sihloko - uzothola ukuthi ziyini izinhlobo zezimbali zaseMexico nezinye eziningi, bheka izithombe zazo.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo zasendlini - amagama nezithombe

I-American (Agave americana)

Lolu hlobo luqukethe amavithamini namaminerali amaningi. Kubuye kubhekwe njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwelapha kwendabuko. Izwe lakubo lolu hlobo iCentral America, kodwa futhi langena kahle eRussia, ezindaweni ezinjengogu loLwandle Olumnyama eCaucasus nasogwini oluseningizimu yeCrimea.

I-agave yaseMelika isitshalo esinesiqu esijiyile, esifushanisiwe kanye ne-rosette yamaqabunga anombala oluhlaza okotshani, ubude bawo obufinyelela kumamitha ama-2.Amacembe anomumo ovulekile, phezulu kwawo kusontekile kwaba yipayipi elikhonjiwe.

Isihlahlana esidala salolu hlobo ngobubanzi singafinyelela osayizi kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-4 m. Izimbali zenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyi-6 - 15 ubudala.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, umcibisholo ophakeme (6-12 m) ukhula kusuka enkabeni ye-rosette ekugcineni kwayo kuvela izimbali eziningi ezincane.

Lezi zinhlobo zinama-subspecies amaningana, ahlukile ngombala wamaqabunga:

i-agave americana marginata - amaqabunga anemiphetho ephuzi ekhanyayo;
i-agave americana mediopicta - umugqa ophuzi obanzi obude utholakala maphakathi namaqabunga.

I-Filifera

I-Agave filifera, noma i-filamentous, ikhula endaweni enkulu yaseMexico. Kuyisitshalo esincane esinamaqabunga aqinile, okukhona kuso inani elikhulu lezintambo ezimhlophe, okuvela kulo igama lohlobo.

Lesi sitshalo siyisihlahla esincane esinyene esinamaqabunga ama-matte atshalwe kakhulu. Ziyi-lanceolate futhi zikhula ngobude kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-20 cm.

Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga linomumo obukhali futhi liba mpunga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imicu emincane emincane itholakala emaphethelweni amaqabunga.

Kunezinhlobo ezincane ezinhlobonhlobo:

i-agave filifera subsp. i-filifera;
i-agave filifera subsp. ama-microceps;
i-agave filifera subsp. multifilifera;
i-agave filifera subsp. skhigera.

INdlovukazi uVictoria (Victoria-reginae)

Ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu kulo mndeni. Izwe lomdabu lalesi silwane yimithambeka ephakeme enamadwala yesifundazwe saseMexico iNuevo Leon. Lesi sitshalo siqanjwe ngombusi wamaNgisi - iNdlovukazi uVictoria.

I-Queen Victoria Agave isihlahlana esiqoqene kahle esinamaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama aluhlaza. Banesimo esihle se-lanceolate futhi bakhula bafike kubude obungu-15 cm kuphela.

Lolu hlobo lunezinsika phezulu kuphela.

Imigqa emhlophe egxumazekile ibenyezela emaqabungeni.

I-Sisal (Sisalana)

I-Sisal agave, noma i-Sisal elula, idume ngamaqabunga ayo amakhulu aqinile, lapho kwenziwa khona i-fiber ebizwa nge-sisal, edingekayo ekukhiqizeni izintambo, amanetha, izindwangu, njll.

Lesi sitshalo ekuqaleni sasivela eningizimu yeMexico, eNhlonhlweni Yucatan. Ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yocu oluthambile olutholwe emaqabungeni, selusabalele nasezindaweni eziningi ezishisayo nakwezifudumele. Ngaphezu kwakho konke kulinywa eBrazil, njengoba leli lizwe lihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni i-sisal fiber.

Lezi zinhlobo ziyi-rosette enkulu yamaqabunga e-xiphoid. Ubude babo bungafika kumamitha ayi-2,5. Kunameva amaningi onqenqemeni lwamaqabunga amancane, alahleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Sisal agate iqhakaza kanye kuphela empilweni.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, umcibisholo wezimbali omude ngokuzumayo uyakhula usuka lapho kuphuma khona, lapho kwakhiwa khona i-corymbose inflorescence yezimbali eziningi eziluhlaza okotshani. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isitshalo siyafa.

I-Blue Agave (Azul)

Lolu hlobo lubizwa nangokuthi i-tequila (i-agave tequilana) noma i-agave yaseMexico, ngoba kwenziwa isiphuzo sendabuko saseMexico - i-tequila kusuka ku-agave eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-agave eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayitshalwa njengesitshalo sendlu njengoba ikhula kuphela ezimweni ezomile nezasendle. Uhlala emazweni aseMexico kuphela.

I-agave eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anama-xiphoid anomumo. Ubuso bawo bunzima kakhulu futhi bunama-matte, kanti amaqabunga agcwele ubisi ngaphakathi.

Ama-nuances amaningi mayelana ne-agave eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka angatholakala lapha.

Vilmoriniana

Enye yezinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu ezivela emndenini we-agave. Lesi sitshalo siqanjwe ngoMaurice de Vilmorin, owayengusosayensi wezitshalo waseFrance owayebandakanyeka kwezamahlathi nokwenziwa kwamazinyo. Le mbali yatholwa okokuqala esifundazweni saseGuadalajara. Ikhula ikakhulukazi endaweni enezintaba yaseMexico.

Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo yi-rosette engavamile, ukuma kwayo kufana ne-octopus. Amaqabunga ale mbali made, amile ngokulingana, onqenqemeni lwawo ajiyile kancane.

Ngasekugcineni, amaqabunga aqala ukunyathela nokugoqana, okwenza lesi sitshalo sibonakale njenge-octopus efriziwe, esisabalalise izintambo zayo.

Zine-hue ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ebusweni kunephethini elimnyama lemabula.

Izinhlobonhlobo zeViviparous (Vivipara)

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ngakho-ke igama lalo linamagama amaningi afanayo. Ikhula eMexico, eNingizimu Afrika nasePortugal.

Yisitshalo esingapheli esikhula size sifike ku-80 cm ukuphakama futhi sicishe silingane ngobubanzi. Ine-rosette eyindilinga, enamaqabunga acijile wesimo se-xiphoid. Ububanzi bamaqabunga buhluka kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-10 cm, futhi umthunzi wawo usukela kokuluhlaza okotshani noluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo.

Isici sale nhlobo sibonakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Inenye yama-peduncles amakhulu kakhulu, angaba ngamamitha ayi-5 ukuphakama.

Phezulu kwayo, ama-inflorescence amaningi akhiwa ngezimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi:

agave vivipara var. vivipara;
agave vivipara var. deweyana;
agave vivipara var. dife;
agave vivipara var. i-nivea;
agave vivipara var. sargentii.

I-Direct (Stricta)

Kuyinto yezinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezivela emndenini we-agave. Izwe lakhe uyisifundazwe saseMexico iPueblo. Lezi zinhlobo zinamaqabunga amnandi amile kahle, akhuliswa kancane ezansi bese ngokuzumayo aba ulayini, futhi iziqongo zazo zikhonjwa ngokushesha. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqabunga angagoba kancane.

I-rosette inamaqabunga amaningi futhi iyindilinga. Ngokukhula, lesi sitshalo siqala ukuphuma futhi sibe yi-multi-rosette. I-peduncle yinde impela futhi ifinyelela ubude bamamitha ayi-2,5.

I-Mexican

Isitshalo esihlobisayo esihlala njalo esinamaqabunga ama-oblong obukhulu. Ukuma kwamaqabunga ku-xiphoid ngesisekelo se-convex, futhi emaphethelweni ahlelwe ngamaphethelo ahlanganisiwe. Banomphetho omncane, onomgogodla omncane ekugcineni. Ubuso bamaqabunga bubhalwe ngokuqhakaza kwesici. I-agave yaseMexico inombala ophuzi ophuzi onemivimbo ende.

I-Desertti)

Ihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasemithambekeni enamadwala eCalifornia nase-Arizona. Lesi sitshalo sakha i-rosette yamaqabunga anombala oluhlaza okotshani, ubude bawo obungafinyelela kusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-70. Ameva acijile atholakala emaphethelweni nasekupheleni kwamaqabunga.

Iqala ukuqhakaza phakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-20 nengama-40, ngemuva kwalokho isitshalo siyafa.

I-peduncle iphonswa ngaphandle ngokuzumayo isuka phakathi nendawo futhi ifinyelela ubude bamamitha ayisithupha. Ekupheleni kwayo kukhona i-inflorescence enezimbali eziningi eziphuzi ezimise okwefaneli, ubude bayo obungeqi ngaphezu kuka-6 cm.

Kukhona ama-subspecies amabili:

I-Agave deserti var. I-deserti - ihlukaniswa ngama-rosettes amaningi kanye ne-3-5 mm perianth tube. Ikhula kuphela kubukhulu beSouth California.
I-Agave deserti var. I-simplex - le subspecies ine-rosettes eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kanye ne-pericolor tube kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10 mm ubude. Kutshalwa e-Arizona nase-Southern California.

I-Parry (Parryi)

Kuyinhlobo ehlukile yokuhlobisa ebukeka ifana kakhulu ne-Parrasa agave. Kutshalwa ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi sezintaba eningizimu ye-United States naseMexico. Ine-rosette eyisisekelo evulekile, enamaqabunga ama-ovoid ahlanganisiwe. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga likhonjwe ngameva amancane amnyama.

Ububanzi besitshalo esidala salolu hlobo bungafinyelela ku-1.5 m.

Isikimu sombala sisukela kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuye kokumpunga ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Ama-inflorescence akhula afike kubude obungu-20 cm bese enza ama-tassels angaba ngu-30, anezimbali eziningi ezinombala okhanyayo.

Okudwetshiwe (Attenuata)

Ilungu elithakazelisayo lomndeni we-agave, elingakhula ngisho ngaphakathi ebhodweni elincane. Izwe lakubo lolu hlobo yidolobha laseJalisco, elisendaweni yaseMexico iGuadalajara.

Lezi zinhlobo zinesimo sesiqu esigobile., elifana nentamo yedada, elikhula lifike ebangeni elingu-1 m. Linamahlamvu anamanzi, abushelelezi angekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-60 ubude. Linombala oguqukayo osuka kokumpunga uye kokuluhlaza okwephuzi. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, isiqu siyavezwa bese ulahla ingxenye ephezulu engenhla. I-inflorescence yinde impela futhi ingafinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama.

Isiphetho

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-agave zikulungele ukugcinwa endlini, inqobo nje uma kunelanga eliningi ebusika nasehlobo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lesi sitshalo sizokwenza ubuhle bendawo ibe yinhle futhi sizojabulisa iso amashumi amaningi eminyaka.

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