I-apple ye-Carthage noma ihalananda elivamile: incazelo, isithombe, ukunakekelwa nokunye okuningi

Ipomegranate uhlobo lwezihlahla nezihlahlana zomndeni waseDerbennikovye. Izithelo zalesi sitshalo berry elikhulu futhi linegama elijwayelekile elithi "ihalananda" (e-botany, igama elithi "ihalananda" livamile).

Kusukela ekuqaleni kokutshalwa, lesi sitshalo sibhekwa njengophawu lwenzalo, ngoba ikhasi lesithelo lifihla amajikijolo amaningi amancane (amanzi) ngaphansi kwalo. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka zonke izici zokunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwepomegranati ekhaya.

Mayelana nesitshalo

Ihalananda elijwayelekile isihlahla sezithelo noma isihlahlana sekilasi iDicotyledonous, ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-5-8. Isikhathi sokuphila - kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-50. Inamagatsha anameva futhi amancane lapho kukhula khona amaqabunga acwebezelayo abomvu-obomvu (ububanzi - kusuka ku-2.5 cm). Izimbali zepomegranate zingamiswa njenge-pitcher (izithelo ziboshelwe kuzo) noma ezimise insimbi (izimbali ezingenalutho). Izinhlamvu zitholakala emakamelweni ayi-6-10 esithelo esiyindilinga esiyisikhumba, inani lazo lonke lisukela ku-1000 kuye ku-1200 (esithelweni esisodwa). Isembozo esizungeze imbewu siyadliwa.

Igama lesiLatin

I-Punica granatum - leli gama lihunyushwa njenge- "Punic (Carthaginian) apple". Ihalananda livame ukubizwa ngokuthi yimbewu, i-granular, noma i-apula laseCarthage. I-Persia (i-Iran yanamuhla) ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwepomegranati. Ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi isiko lavela futhi laqala ukuthuthuka esikhathini sangaphambi komlando (cishe ekupheleni kwesikhathi seCretaceous), ngoba izinkomba zalo zitholakala emibhalweni yasendulo nezinto zobuciko.

Kakade sekuphele izinkulungwane zeminyaka isitshalo silinywa emazweni ase-Western Asia, ezifundeni eziseningizimu neRussia, Afghanistan, kwezinye izindawo zeCentral kanye neAsia Minor, amazwe aseMedithera. Kutholakala kancane eKorea, Japan, eBahamas naseBermuda.

Isithombe

Okulandelayo, ungabona isithombe sepomegranati:

Ukunakekela

Ithempelesha

Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokukhulisa ihalananda elijwayelekile lingama-20-25 degrees Celsius (ehlobo) kanye no-5-12 (ngesikhathi sasebusika). Izinga lokushisa eliphansi isitshalo esingamelana nalo lingama-degree angama-15 ngaphansi kuka-zero (ngo -20, ingxenye engaphezulu iqhwa).

Ukunisela

Umswakamo ophelele womoya awudlali indima enkulu, kepha ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo futhi kuchichime... Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, kanye nasekuqaleni kwekwindla, lesi sitshalo siniselwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12, ngenkathi ebandayo yasekwindla nasebusika inani lamanzi lehliselwa kube kanye ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5-2.

Shine

Indawo ekhanyiswe kahle ikulungele kangcono ukukhulisa amapomegranati.

Ukuncoma

Amapomegranati awudingi umhlabathi, kepha ukwanda kwawo kwe-asidi ngeke kusizuzise isitshalo. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi okunconyiwe kwezitshalo ezikhulayo: umhlaba wesoyi -50%, i-humus (mhlawumbe iqabunga) -25%, i-peat nesihlabathi (ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo) - 25%. Uhlelo olulandelayo luye lusetshenziswe kaningi: inhlabathi enobumba lwe-sod, umhlaba onamaqabunga, i-humus, isihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-2: 1: 1: 1.

Ukuthena

Ukuthenwa kwenziwa ukuvimbela umqhele ekukhuleni kakhulu (lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi ukuvuna kube nzima). Amagatsha amaningi asuswa ukuze isitshalo singaphuli ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo eziningi.

Igatsha elilodwa lepomegranati alikwazi ukuthela izithelo ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-3-4. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuthela, igatsha eleqile liyanqunywa.

imithetho:

1. Ukuthena kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ngemuva kokuvuna.
2. Amagatsha weqile anqunywa ezansi kokukhula kwawo.
3. Indawo esikiwe iphathwa ngezindlela ezikhethekile "zokuphulukisa" nokuvikelwa ezilokazaneni.
4. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ingxenye yamahlumela amancane (yonyaka okhona) iyasuswa, okusele kufinyeziwe.
5. Ukuthenwa kokugcina kwenziwa ekwindla, kuphela amahlumela aqinisiwe namagatsha ezithelo asele empandeni.

Okubalulekile! Amahlumela amancane akhiwa minyaka yonke ngaphansi kwesihlahla sepomegranati, okumele sisuswe (uma isitshalo esikhulu sesivele sikhulile). Ngaphandle kwalokho, umswakama nezakhi zomuthi ngeke zanele ukuthola izithelo eziningi.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Umanyolo ufakwa kabili ngenyanga, enhlabathini enomswakama.... Ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo, umanyolo we-nitrogen usetshenziswa, esigabeni sokuqhakaza - i-phosphorus, ku-potassium yokuwa. Kufakwa umanyolo onzima njalo ngenyanga. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo asondliwe.

Imbiza

Okhulayo amapomegranati ekhaya, izigaxa zamapulangwe noma izimbiza zobumba zikulungele kahle. Isiqukathi akufanele sibe sikhulu kakhulu, sijule ngokulingene.

Izinto ezifana nensimbi noma ipulasitiki azinconyiwe - amapomegranati ngeke azizwe ekhululekile kuwo, futhi ubunzima bungavela ngesikhathi sokutshalwa.

Dlulisa

Amapomegranati asemancane adinga ukufakelwa kabusha kanye ngonyaka, kanye nesitshalo esifinyelele eminyakeni emithathu yobudala - hhayi ngaphezulu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ukufakelwa kabusha kwenziwa entwasahlobo.

Imiyalo:

1. Lungisa isitsha esisha sokutshala - kufanele sibe sikhulu kancane kunesedlule.
2. Thela amanzi ezansi ebhodweni, gcwalisa ngomxube wenhlabathi olungiselelwe (ovundisiwe noswakanyisiwe).
3. Susa ngokucophelela isitshalo emhlabathini (enezimpande nenhlabathi eseduze nezimpande).
4. Susa amagoda omhlabathi, uma kunesidingo, susa izingxenye zezimpande ezibolayo.
5. Yenza ukucindezeleka emhlabathini ukuze utshale kabusha, okulingana nosayizi wezimpande zehalananda elifakwe kabusha.
6. Beka ngokucophelela isitshalo ebhodweni (ekujuleni okungaba ngu-10 cm), ufafaze umhlaba, thinta kancane.
7. Kunconywa ukufaka inhlabathi ngomhlabathi we-sawdust noma utshani obomile.
8. Esontweni lokuqala ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, ukugqoka okuphezulu akusetshenzisiwe.

Ubusika

Ubusika yisikhathi sokulala sepomegranati... Ukuze usivikele emazingeni okushisa aphansi, lesi sitshalo sihlanganiswa ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Ukwenza lokhu, isiqu sigobele ngobunono emhlabathini, sicindezelwe phansi nge-ejenti enesisindo, embozwe ifilimu eliminyene noma okokumboza okukhethekile, kugxunyekwe futhi kwahlanganiswa kabusha ngefilimu.

Izici zokunakekelwa lapho ukhula ekhaya

Amapomegranati ekhaya avame ukutshalwa ebhodweni (njenge-bonsai) noma kuma-tubs (kuvulandi). Isici sokukhula kwasekhaya ukuthi isitshalo esingeyona indlu sidinga izimo ezikhethekile zobusika (kwanele ukwehlisa nje izinga lokushisa egumbini). Ipomegranati elitshalwe kubhavu lilethwa lisuka kuvulandi liye egumbini ebusika.

Inkomba. Isitshalo esincane (kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala) asidingi isikhathi sokuphumula.

Ukuthenwa ngesikhathi esifanele kudlala indima ebalulekile ukwakha umqhele ofanele nokwandisa isivuno... Ukunisela kwenziwa lapho inhlabathi yoma, ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswa ngokuya ngohlelo olujwayelekile. Ngenkathi eshisayo, kunconywa ukuthi ufafaze ingxenye engaphezulu yesitshalo ngamanzi. Ipomegranati linemifanekiso eminingi, ngakho-ke bagcina ibhodwe ngalo ewindini, ohlangothini olubalele.

Izici zokuzala

Ipomegranati elijwayelekile lisatshalaliswa ngokusika noma imbewu, kaningi ngokubeka noma ngokuxhunyelela (kuzithombo).

Amahlumela wonyaka akhethwa ukusabalalisa (zitshalwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo) noma amagatsha anokhuni (atshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, avunwa ebusika).

Imbewu ayidingi ukwelashwa kwangaphambili (ngaphandle kokomiswa). Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Amahlumela avela emavikini angu-2-3. Izici zohlobo oluhlukahlukene ngeke zilahleke lapho zisatshalaliswa yimbewu.

Izithelo

Lesi sitshalo sakha izithelo eziyindilinga, eziqukethe amajikijolo amakhulu kanye ne-pericarp enesikhumba. Ikhasi linemibala e-shades kusuka ku-orange-yellow kuya obomvu obomvu. Isithelo singafinyelela kububanzi obungu-15-17 cm. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuthela izithelo kuqala ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila kwesitshalo. Amajikijolo avuthwa kanye ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi kusukela maphakathi kuya ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ipomegranate lingenwa yizifo ezinjengegrey mold, indawo yeqabunga, igatsha noma umdlavuza wezimpande... Ezimweni zomdlavuza, izingxenye ezithinteke ngokuphelele zesitshalo ziyasuswa, amanxeba ayahlanzwa, aphathwe ngesisombululo se-copper sulfate bese egcotshwa nge-var var. Lesi sitshalo singagcwala izinambuzane. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu, izimpukane ezimhlophe, amabhu egromegranate. Susa ama-parasites usebenzisa umuthi wokubulala izinambuzane - njengoba kudingeka futhi njengendlela yokuvimbela.

Izithelo zepomegranati azihlukaniswa nje kuphela ukunambitheka kwazo okunephunga nephunga, kepha futhi nokusebenziseka kwazo. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuzosiza ukuqeda izinkinga ngomgudu wamathumbu, kusukela ekubonakalisweni kwezifo zomgudu wokuphefumula (isibonelo, ukukhwehlela), futhi kuzosiza nokuxosha ama-parasites emzimbeni. Lezi zimfanelo nokuzithoba okuqhathanisekayo ekwenzeni ukunakekelwa kwenza ihalananda elijwayelekile lidume ngokukhula ekhaya nasensimini.

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