Konke mayelana nobusika isithombo esimnyama esimnyama: sihluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo, ukutshala nini futhi kanjani nezinye izinhlobo

Isithombo akusona nje imifino, kepha siyinqolobane yamavithamini, ukulandelela izinto kanye namaminerali angavikela umzimba wakho emikhuhlaneni. Futhi isithombo esimnyama esiyindilinga esimnyama sasebusika siphakeme ngokusizakala kolunye uhlobo lwaso.

I-athikili ichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi hlobo luni lwesilimo sezimpande, luyini inani kanye nokungalungi, yini umehluko kusuka kwezinye "izihlobo", ukuthi zisetshenziselwa ini, kanye nokutshala, ukunakekelwa nokuqoqwa, kufaka phakathi ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.

Izici eziningiliziwe nencazelo

• Ukubukeka: imifino inesimo esiyindilinga esiyisicaba, esifinyelela ku-12 cm ububanzi.Ingaphezulu libushelelezi, kwesinye isikhathi libi. Isikhumba semifino yezimpande sincane, simnyama. I-pulp ithenda, inamanzi, imhlophe. Isisindo sinesisindo esivela ku-250 - 500 g.
• Isikhathi sokutshala: tshala lezi zinhlobonhlobo ngoJuni-Julayi. Akunasisekelo sokutshala ngaphambi kukaJuni 20, ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuzokwenza imifino ibe mibi futhi iqhekeke.
• Ukukhiqiza: isithombo sinesivuno esikhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuvunwa amathani angama-35 - 45 ezitshalo zezimpande kusuka ehektheleni elilodwa (3.5 - 4 kg nge-1 sq. M).
• Lapho kunconywa ukuthi ikhule khona: endle, ngoba imifino iyamelana nesithwathwa futhi ayithobeki. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, akudingekile ukutshala izithombo ekhaya.

  Inkomba! Awukwazi ukutshala ngemuva kweklabishi nesithombo, kunamathuba amaningi okutheleleka emhlabathini.

  Uma une-greenhouse evuthayo futhi ufuna ukutshala ama-radishes unyaka wonke, ungatshala imifino lapho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.

• Ukumelana nezifo: lesi sitshalo simelana nezifo ezinjengokuqhakaza kwezimbali - ukuqhakaza kwezitshalo ezenzeka kabili ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Kukhona futhi ukumelana nezifo zefungal.
• Isikhathi sokuvuthwa: Ubusika isithombo esimnyama esimnyama kungokwesitshalo sezimpande zaphakathi nonyaka. Isikhathi esisukela ekutshaleni kuya ekuvuthweni yizinsuku ezingama-70-93.
• Yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi azithandayo: umhlaba wokutshala kufanele ube ukhululekile, ulula, u-acidic kancane, unomsoco.

Umlando wokuzala

I-radish emnyama eyindilinga yasebusika iyinhlobonhlobo ekhuliswe yi-All-Russian Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops. Kuvunyelwe ukulinywa kuyo yonke iRussia Federation (ngaphandle kwesifunda saseNyakatho) kusukela ngo-1950. Kunconyelwe iziza zensimu, imizi kanye namapulazi.

ERussia yasendulo, imifino yayithathwa njengomkhiqizo owusizo nophilisayo.

Kukhona ama-subspecies okuqala, aphakathi naphakathi nasesikhathini sekwephuzile.

Uyini umehluko kwezinye izinhlobo?

Isithombo singahluka, kepha inhlobo ngayinye inezinhlobo zayo. Ngakho-ke ngomnyama.

Isithombo sasebusika esiyindilinga esimnyama. Izinhlobonhlobo zesizini ephakathi. Imifino inamafutha amaningi abalulekile, amavithamini namaminerali. Ikhasi libushelelezi, limnyama. I-pulp imhlophe, iminyene, iyababa, inokunambitheka okumunyu, okubhekwa njenge "lungile" kakhulu phakathi kwabazalwane. Iphethe ikhwalithi yokugcina enhle maqondana nezinye izinhlobo. Isivuno esikhulu nokuvikeleka ezifweni.

Amaphuzu okwenzelwe ngawo umehluko:

• isikhathi sokuvuthwa;
• izakhiwo eziwusizo nokuqukethwe kwamavithamini namafutha abalulekile;
• ukunambitha nombala;
• ukuma kwezitshalo zezimpande;
• Veza;
• ukugcina ikhwalithi.

Ubuhle nobubi

Okubalulekile! Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-glycosides, inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane.

Isetshenziswe emithini yendabuko, kepha ayinqatshiwe emithini yendabuko. Imifino yezimpande iqukethe inani elikhulu:

• amavithamini (ama-vit amaningi. C, B1, retinol, B9, K);
• amaminerali (i-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus kanye nosawoti wensimbi);
• amafutha abalulekile (nikeza ukunambitheka okubabayo ngomunyu);
• ama-phytoncides (abangela isenzo semithi elwa namagciwane);
• ama-glycosides.

Zonke lezi zingxenye zisiza ukulwa nemikhuhlane nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, zigcina amasosha omzimba futhi zigcwalise ukungabi namaminerali emzimbeni womuntu.

Isithombo esimnyama akufanele sisetshenziselwe izifo zesisu - izilonda, i-gastritis, ene-asidi ephezulu, yezifo zesistimu yenhliziyo namathumbu amancane.

Izinhlobonhlobo azizithobi ekunakekelweni, kepha zithanda umswakama nezindawo ezivulekile ezinelanga. Futhi iyamelana nezifo. Isivuno siqinile futhi sikulungele ukukhula eSiberia.

Okubi:

• ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kufanele kubhekwe (uma kutshalwe emva kwezinhlobo, imindeni ebethelelayo, ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi kungenzeka);
• ukungabekezelelani nejusi lesithombo ngabantu abanezifo zesisu;
• ukuthambisa kaningi (isomiso sizonciphisa isivuno).

Isetshenziselwa ini futhi kuphi?

Kumuthi wesintu:

1. Ukucindezela kwenziwa nge-gruel yemifino ye-pneumonia ne-bronchitis (reddens).
2. Ijusi yesithombo efakwe uju isetshenziselwa umphimbo obuhlungu nokukhwehlela.
3. Ijusi entsha isetshenziswa njenge-choleretic agent.
4. Ukumisa ukukhula kwezimila ezimbi.
5. Amafutha abalulekile anesulfure atholakala kusithombo esimnyama alungele ukuvuselela isifiso sokudla nokukhuthaza ukugaya ukudla.
6. Isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kobuhlungu bamathambo.

Ku-cosmetology: kukhishwa uwoyela wesithombo kusetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwamamaski okunomsoco wesikhumba, okhilimu bomzimba, kanye nezinsumpa zezinwele. Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti elwa nokuvuvukala, iqeda ukukhukhumeza, ilwe namabala amadala namabala.

Okubalulekile! Ngenxa yobuningi bamafutha abalulekile ekwakhiweni kwemifino yezimpande, kuyaphikiswa ekukhulelweni.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokutshala nokunakekela

Imifino ithanda evulekile, efudunyezwe kahle, izindawo nokuniselwa kaningi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi kufanele igutshulwe futhi ifakwe umquba ngomquba noma nge-peat. Emhlabathini ombiwe, kubalulekile ukwakha imisele (ebangeni elingu-30 cm) nezimbobo (ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo ezizayo kufanele libe ngu-15-20 cm).

Uhlwanyela nini, utshala kanjani futhi unakekele?

Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile sisekupheleni kukaJuni nasekuqaleni kukaJulayi, lapho umhlabathi ufudumele ngokwanele. Indawo ikhethwa kucatshangelwa ukujikeleza kwesitshalo. Ungatshala ngemuva kwalokhu:

• izaqathe;
• ukhukhamba;
• utamatisi;
• amazambane.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwembewu nge-vascular bacteriosis, udinga ukuyifudumeza elangeni. ezingeni lokushisa lama-45 degrees cishe imizuzu engama-30. Lapho utshala, imbewu ibekwa enhlabathini enomswakama ibe ngamasentimitha angu-2-3 ukujula.Izimbewu ezimbalwa zibekwa kokucindezeleka okukodwa. Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela avele, udinga ukukhetha okuqine futhi okukhulu kunakho konke, susa okusele. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, ukuncipha kuyaphindwa.

Ukuhlwanyela kufanele kuniselwe ngokuhlelekile futhi kufakwe umlotha ngomuthi wokubulala amagciwane.

Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululwe njalo emva kokuchelelwa ngakunye bese ufakwa umanyolo njalo emavikini amabili. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa umanyolo ophilayo!

Ukugqoka amaminerali:

• i-superphosphate;
• i-potassium;
• usawoti.

Ukunakwa! Emasontweni amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukudla kuyama.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Udinga ukuvuna imifino ngaphambi kweqhwa. Lapho kuhlanganiswa, ingxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo inqanyulwa ngokucophelela, futhi isivuno sezimpande uqobo somile. Lesi sitshalo kufanele sigcinwe kuma-pallet okhuni noma emasakeni amnyama egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba. Ezitsheni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukwenza izimbobo zokungenisa umoya ukuze isithombo singaboli. Ukushisa kwesitoreji: +2, +3 degrees. Umswakama: 80%.

Sikunikeza ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emayelana nokutshala, ukunakekelwa, ukuqoqwa kwesithombo nokugcinwa kwaso:

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izifo:

1. UKeela - isifo esibangelwa mbumbulu-isikhunta. Okokuqala, ukukhula kuvela ezimpandeni, bese isitshalo siyoma.
2. Isikhunta se-Powdery - ukuqhuma okumhlophe eziqongweni. Ngenxa yalesi sifo, amaqabunga ayafa.
3. Ukubola kwezimpande - isifo fungal. Esitshalweni esigulayo, isiqu siqala sibe mnyama, bese kuba yimpande ukuqala ukuqaqamba.

Izifo ezinjalo ziyaziwa ekutshaleni okunganakiwe.

Izinambuzane:

• I-cruciferous midge ne-carrot fly yizinambuzane ezonakalisa izembozo zangaphandle zezitshalo zezimpande. Izinhlamvu zesikhunta namagciwane zingangena ngomonakalo.
• Ama-Slugs, aphid, rapeseed kanye neklabishi amaqabunga amabhungane - konakalisa amaqabunga esitshalo.

Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene

1. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezinambuzane, izimbobo ezinesithombo kufanele zifafazwe ngomlotha wokhuni.
2. Ukugwema ukuvela kwama-scoops, izimbungulu nezinye izinambuzane, kubalulekile ukususa njalo futhi ngesikhathi esifanele ukhula emibhedeni.
3. Imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yemvelo izosiza kusuka kuma-aphid angeke athinte ikhwalithi yesitshalo sezimpande.
4. Ukuze uvikele ukhula kanye namagciwane e-pathogenic, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukondle imibhede nge-sawdust, utshani, amaqabunga.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko nokufana kwazo:

1. UMurzilka. Izinhlobonhlobo esezidlulile ezisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa ebusika. Imifino inkulu futhi iyindilinga, isikhumba simnyama mpunga - simnyama. Ingaphakathi limhlophe futhi licijile kancane. Gcina ezindaweni ezipholile, ezimnyama kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
2. Okusalungiswa. Impande yemifino efika emva kwesikhathi. Umumo uyindilinga. Ikhasi limnyama, liyarhaba. I-pulp yokunambitheka okubabayo okumnandi. Isitshalo sezimpande sinokubukeka okuhle futhi sigcinwa isikhathi eside.
3. Ebusuku. Izinhlobonhlobo zaphakathi nesizini zenzelwe ukulinywa kwezimboni. Umumo oyindilinga, umbala omnyama. Isisindo esifinyelela ku-350 kg. I-pulp imhlophe, i-crispy, ukunambitheka okubabayo kancane. Imifino igcinwa isikhathi eside. Ukukhiqiza 3.5-4 kg / 1 sq. m
4. Owesifazane omnyama. Izinhlobonhlobo zobusika phakathi nonyaka ezihloselwe ukutshalwa ngasese. Isivuno sezimpande sifinyelela isisindo esingu-300 g, sinesikhumba esimnyama nesigaxa esinokhilimu onambitheka kancane. Isimo sowesifazane omnyama siyindilinga futhi sihlangene kancane.
5. Udrako omnyama. Ivuthwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-50-65. Inezinto zokudla kanye nokunambitheka okuncane, okumnene. Imifino inesimo eside esiyindilinga nesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-150-200 g Ingaphandle limnyama, nenyama imhlophe futhi iminyene ngesakhiwo.
6. Inyanga. Ivuthwa izinsuku ezingama-75-85 (maphakathi nesizini). Inesimo esiyindilinga noma esiyisiyingi. Ngaphandle okumnyama, ngaphakathi okumhlophe. Inyama ikhihlize ikhanda, hhayi okubabayo kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza kufika ku-4.5 kg / 1 sq. Igcinwa phakathi nobusika.
7. Indlovukazi yaseSpades. Izinhlobonhlobo zesizini ephakathi. Isivuno sezimpande sisesimeni sesilinda. Isisindo esingu-350-500 g. Isikhumba simnyama, siminyene, futhi uginindela ulula - ukunambitheka okubabayo okuncane. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nokwakheka kwemicibisholo, ukugcinwa okuncane kuyadingeka. Isivuno siphezulu - kufika ku-6 kg / 1 sq. m.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, izinhlobo ziphakathi nesikhathi sonyaka, zinempilo eshalofini ende, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye "nokubukeka" okuthengiswayo. IBlack Winter Round Radish ingenye yemifino enempilo etholakala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ngenxa yempilo yayo ende eshalofini. Manje usuyazi ukuthi ungatshala kanjani futhi ukuqoqe, yiziphi izakhiwo eziwusizo enazo, nokuthi yikuphi ukungalungi. Inhlanhla ngokutshala nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane!

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