Imakethe yamasheya (imakethe yezokuphepha) kanye nokuhwebelana ngamasheya - kuyini nokuthi ungaqala kanjani ukuhweba + isilinganiso sabathengisi abaphambili be-TOP-4 emakethe yamasheya yaseRussia

Ntambama, bafundi abathandekayo be-Ideas for Life umagazini wezezimali! Okuthunyelwe kwanamuhla kunikezelwe imakethe yamasheya (imakethe yezokuphepha) kanye isitokwe exchange... Ngokuphikisana nombono wabaningi, lokhu akufani ne-Forex. Sibhale ukuthi iyini i-Forex nokuthi ungayenza kanjani imali ngayo kumagazini wokugcina.

Ngendlela, ubonile ukuthi idola selivele libiza malini? Qala ukwenza imali ngomehluko wamanani wokushintshana lapha!

Kusukela esihlokweni sanamuhla, abafundi bazofunda:

• Iyini imakethe yamasheya kanye ne-stock exchange;
• Yikuphi ukushintshana okukhulu kunakho konke emhlabeni;
• Yini edayiswa kusitoko sokushintshana;
• Izindlela zokwenza imali emakethe yamasheya;
• Ungaqala kanjani ukuhweba emakethe yezokuphepha kwabaqalayo;
• Yibaphi abathengisi abahamba phambili eRussia.

Ekupheleni kokushicilelwa kunikezwa iseluleko sochwepheshe, okuzosiza ukuhweba ngempumelelo abadayisi bama-novice. Kuzosiza futhi abafundi ukuthi bazijwayeze izimpendulo zemibuzo ethandwa kakhulu.

Ukushicilelwa kuzoba nentshisekelo kubo bobabili abafika kusitoko kanye nalabo asebenolwazi oluthile kule ndawo. Khumbula: isikhathi siyimali! Ngakho-ke ungachithi umzuzu, kunalokho qala ukufunda i-athikili!

Iyini imakethe yamasheya (noma imakethe yezokuphepha), yini ukushintshaniswa kwamasheya, kanjani futhi ungaqala kuphi ukuhweba ezimakethe zamasheya kwabaqalayo - funda ngalokhu nokuningi kulesi sihloko

1. Iyini imakethe yamasheya - ukubuka konke komqondo + ukuthi usebenza kanjani 📈

Imakethe yamasheya kubizwe ngenye indlela imakethe yezokuphepha. Kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu emakethe yezezimali, ngoba kulapha lapho kuthengiswa khona zonke izinhlobo ezikhona zezokuphepha.

Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wenkampani onamandla, lapho ukukhula kwayo kwenzeka, umzuzwana uyafika nakanjani lapho izimali zayo zingasenele. Ukuze banganeliswa yilokhu osekuzuziwe, abaphathi kuzofanele bathole izinketho zokuheha enye imali.

Imvamisa ngalezi zinhloso abazisebenzisayo:

• Imali mboleko yasebhange Ingabe indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuthola imali.
• Ukukhishwa kwamasheya. Zihlukaniswa njengezibambiso zokulingana. Lapho amasheya athengiswa, inkampani ebakhiphile izothola imali. Ngasikhathi sinye, umtshalizimali othenge amasheya uthola ingxenye encane yenkampani. Azenzi isibopho sokubuyisa imali. Kepha umtshali-zimali angazuza kumasheya njengoba izinzuzokanye namathuba okubamba iqhaza empilweni yenkampani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunethuba lokuthengisa amasheya lapho inani lawo liphezulu kunalelo ebelikhona ngesikhathi kuthengwa, ngaleyo ndlela lithole imali engenayo.
• Ukukhishwa kwezibopho - izibambiso zesikweletu. Ngamanye amagama, inhlangano iboleka izimali kubatshalizimali, ethi izenzele ukubuya nenzalo.

Izinketho zokuheha ezezimali ezihambisana nodaba lwezokuphepha zenziwa imakethe yamasheya. Kuvela ukuthi yindawo lapho imali ihehwa futhi isatshalaliswa kabusha phakathi kwezinkampani, imikhakha yezomnotho, ababambiqhaza bemakethe nezinye izifundo zemakethe yezokuphepha.

1.1. Abahlanganyeli bemakethe yezokuphepha

Imakethe yamasheya isuselwa kubahlanganyeli bayo. Zingahlukaniswa ngokususelwa kuzici ezahlukahlukene. Ake sihlolisise ukuthi ziyini.

1) Abahlanganyeli bezitolo ezinkulu ezimakethe zamasheya

Isitolo yilabo ababambiqhaza ababambe iqhaza kule nkonzo noma abasebenza ngasikhathi sinye ezimakethe ezahlukahlukene, enye yazo - isitoko.

Laba bahlanganyeli bafaka phakathi abanikazi bezimali abazitshala ezimpahleni ezahlukahlukene: hhayi kuphela kwizibambiso, kepha futhi nasezindlini, ezimali nakwabanye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababambiqhaza be-intermarket bangama-ejensi anikezela ngolwazi, anikeze izeluleko, enze izilinganiso, nabanye ochwepheshe abasebenza ezimakethe ezahlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye.

2) Abahlanganyeli be-Intramarket

Ngokuphathelene intramarket, abahlanganyeli abanjalo, kunalokho, basebenzise emisebenzini yabo kuphela noma ikakhulukazi ukuphepha.

Abahlanganyeli be-Intramarket ochwepheshe futhi okungeyona ingcweti.

Abahlanganyeli abangewona ochwepheshe - laba ngabakhiphi, kanye nabatshalizimali abatshala yonke noma ingxenye yemali ehlose ukutshalwa kwezimali kwizibambiso.

Abahlanganyeli abangochwepheshe emakethe yezokuphepha yenza imisebenzi ethile emakethe yamasheya. Le misebenzi ingenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthola amalayisense.

Phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abangochwepheshe kukhona:

• abadayisi abangochwepheshe;
• izinhlangano ezakha ingqalasizinda.

Lezi zokugcina zenza izinhlobo ezithile zemisebenzi emakethe yezokuphepha:

• abadayisi benza ukuthengiselana ngezibambiso (ukuthenga nokuthengisa) ngezindleko kanye nezintshisekelo zamakhasimende abo;
• abathengisi baphethe ukuthengiselana ngezinsimbi zemakethe yamasheya ngezindleko zabo futhi bezenzela bona;
• izinkampani zabaphathi zibandakanyeka ekubekeni imali edluliselwe kubo ngamakhasimende ngenzuzo;
• ababhalisile ukugcina uhlu lwabantu abanezibambiso (okubizwa ngerejista);
• amadiphozithi yenza isitoreji nokubalwa kwezimali;
• ukusula izinkampani yenza izibalo;
• abahleli dala izimo ezifanele ukuqaliswa kokusebenza (isib, isitokwe exchange).

1.2. Isakhiwo semakethe yezokuphepha

Ngendlela, ungahweba izimpahla zezezimali (imali, amasheya, i-cryptocurrency) ngqo ekushintshaneni. Into esemqoka ukukhetha umthengisi onokwethenjelwa. Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu le nkampani yomthengisi.

Imakethe yamasheya iyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinezimfanelo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Yingakho umuntu kufanele afunde imakethe yezokuphepha evela ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda, izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zifingqiwe etafuleni:

Cha. Imfanelo yokuqhathanisa	Uhlobo lwemakethe	Incazelo
1. Isigaba sokufaka isicelo	Imakethe yokuphepha eyinhloko	Le yimakethe lapho kukhishwa khona inkinga (isb. Udaba)
	Okwesibili	Imelela umkhakha wokusakazwa kwamathuluzi akhishwe ngaphambilini
2. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo	Kuhleliwe	Kunemithetho echazwe ngokucacile yokuphathwa
	Akuhlelekile	Isikhalazo senziwa ngesisekelo sezivumelwano zabahlanganyeli
3. Indawo yokuphetha ukuthengiselana	Shintshanisa	Ukuhweba kwenziwa ngokuhwebelana kwamasheya
	OTC	Ukusebenza kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kokushintshana
4. Uhlobo lokuhweba	Esidlangalaleni	Amaqembu entengiselwano ahlangana ngokomzimba. Kukhona ukuhweba komphakathi noma izingxoxo ezivaliwe
	Ikhompyutha	Imelela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuthengiselana kusetshenziswa amanethiwekhi, kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana zesimanje
5. Umnqamulajuqu wokuthengiselana	Irejista yemali (indawo noma imali)	Abathengisi benziwa ngokushesha, kungahle kube negebe elincane ngesikhathi (kufika ezinsukwini ezi-3) uma ukuhlelelwa ngokomzimba kwezokuphepha kuhlelwe
	Kuyaphuthuma	Isivumelwano senziwa ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, esingalingana namasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga

Zonke izinhlobo zezimakethe ezethulwayo ziyaxhunywa. Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha okuningi kusatshalaliswa ku- imakethe yokushintshanisa. Uhlala njalo engoweqembu... Ngokungqubuzanayo, phezu kwekhawunta ingahle ihlelwe futhi ingahlelekile.

Emazweni anamuhla athuthukile, ayikho imakethe engahlelekile. Ukuhlelelwa kumelwe ukushintshanakanye nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokuhweba nge-elekthronikhi ezimele imakethe yamakhasimende.

Is Kuyini ukushintshaniswa kwesitoko?

I-Stock Exchange Ingabe inhlangano edala izimo ezidingekayo zokuphetha ukuthengiselana emakethe yezokuphepha.

Kunezici eziningi ezihlukanisayo zemakethe yekhompyutha:

1. Inqubo yokuhweba izenzakalelayo futhi iyaqhubeka;
2. Intengo ayikho esidlangalaleni;
3. Izindawo zokuhweba zitholakala lapho umthengi nomthengisi batholakala khona;
4. Amaqembu entengiselwano awahlangani ngokomzimba ndawo.

Imakethe yendawo ithatha iningi lemakethe yezokuphepha. Ama-derivatives avame ukuthengiswa kokunye okuphuma kukho. Ihlukaniswe yaba:

• imali - isikhathi sezinsimbi ezihamba lapha asidluli unyaka, amasheke, izikweletu zokushintshana, kanye namabhondi wesikhashana;
• utshalomali noma izimakethe ezinkulu - okokusebenza kuye kwasakazwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka (amasheya, amabhondi aphakathi nendawo nesikhathi eside).

1.3. Imisebenzi yemakethe yezokuphepha

Imakethe yamasheya yenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile emnothweni. Bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu ama-2 - imakethe jikelele futhi ethize.

Imisebenzi emakethe ejwayelekile ejwayelekile kunoma iyiphi imakethe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

1. Intengo - ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwenani elikhulu ngokwanele labahlanganyeli, ukwakhiwa nokufunwa kwezokuphepha kwakheka. Lapho kusungulwa ibhalansi phakathi kwabo, inani liyakhiwa.
2. Ukubalwa kwezimali inesibonakaliso esiyisibopho sokuphepha okuthengisiwe kumarejista; abahlanganyeli abangochwepheshe kumele babhaliswe, babe nelayisense, banikeze isitifiketi; imisebenzi ibonakala kwizivumelwano, kanye nasezinkontilekeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomsebenzi we-accounting, umbuso unamandla okulawula imisebenzi emakethe yamasheya.
3. ezentengiselwano imele ithuba lokukhipha inzuzo ekusebenzeni ngezibambiso.
4. Umsebenzi wolwazi kusho ukuthi imakethe isebenza kumgomo wokucaciswa okuphelele kwemininingwane. Abahlanganyeli emisebenzini bangathola lonke ulwazi abaludingayo.
5. Ukulawulwa - imisebenzi isiza ukuthonya umnotho wamazwe, kanye nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene emphakathini.

Imisebenzi ethile yemakethe yamasheya:

1. Ukugoba noma, kalula nje, umshwalense wobungozi, Kwenzeka ngenxa yekhono lokusabalalisa izingozi. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ziyathengiswa emakethe, izinga lobungozi kanye nenzuzo engaba khona engafani. Ngenxa yalokhu, bobabili abatshalizimali abalondolozayo nabanolaka bangakhetha ithuluzi elifanele kubo. Okokuqala uncamela ubungozi obuphansi, kepha imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwemali kubo iphansi kakhulu. Ulaka kodwa-ke, abatshalizimali bakhetha izinsimbi ezibavumela ukuthi bathole inzuzo ephezulu. Ngokwemvelo, ngokwenza njalo, bazibeka engcupheni enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene zivumela umtshalizimali ngamunye ukuthi asabalalise izingozi ngendlela evumelana naye.
2. Umsebenzi wokusabalalisa kabusha iphathelene ikakhulukazi nemakethe eyinhloko. Lapha izimali ziqondiswe ekuthengeni izibambiso. Umphumela uba ukuhanjiswa kwemali isuka endaweni yokuqongelela iye emkhakheni wokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, imakethe yesibili nayo ibandakanyekile ekusatshalalisweni. Lapha ukuphepha kuyathengiswa ngenkathi iqhubeka nokusakazwa. Ngokwemvelo, intengo yabathandwa kakhulu kubo iyakhula, futhi abatshalizimali balahle abatshalizimali abangathembisi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunokungena kwemali kweminye imikhakha nokuhoxa kweminye. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi usabalalise imali kuye ngezidingo zomnotho.

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Ngakho-ke, imakethe yamasheya iyingxenye engenakususwa yomnotho. Ihlukile, iyabamba iqhaza futhi ifeza imisebenzi eminingi ebucayi.

Ukuhwebelana okukhulu kwamasheya emhlabeni (ngofeleba) - iLondon, iNew York (yaseMelika), iTokyo nabanye

2. Ukuhwebelana kwamasheya emhlabeni - ukubuka konke kwezitezi zokuhweba eziphakeme kakhulu ze-TOP-7 📊

Inani elikhulu lokuhwebelana kwamasheya lisebenza ezweni lanamuhla. Isibalo sabo sifinyelela amakhulu amaningana... Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abathandwa ngabatshalizimali.

Ukuze uthole idumela elihle, ukushintshana akumele kube ngumxhumanisi onokwethenjelwa kuphela, kepha futhi kunikeze amakhasimende ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, futhi kunikeze nenani eliphezulu lezinsimbi.

Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa ukuhwebelana okuningana komhlaba, okuthi, ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo kahle kakhulu, bathole igunya phakathi kwenani elikhulu labahlanganyeli bemakethe iminyaka eminingi.

1) INew York Stock Exchange (i-NYSE Euronext)

Uthandwa umhlaba wonke. Namuhla lokhu kushintshana kungenye yezinto ezinethonya kakhulu emhlabeni futhi kusezindaweni zokuqala ezilinganisweni zomhlaba. Lokhu kushintshaniswa kwasungulwa kungekudala - ku 2007 unyaka. Kepha indalo yenziwa ngokuhlangana kwezingxoxo ezimbili ezinkulu zomhlaba - NYSE kusuka I-Euronext... Ukuhwebelana okuholele ekuthatheni amandla nedumela lokushintshisana okubili.

Ithonya leNew York Stock Exchange lingahlulelwa ngeminye imininingwane:

• ukuphepha kwenani elikhulu labakhiphi kuzungeza kuyo - namuhla kunezingaphezu kuka-3 000 zazo;
• ofeleba bacishe babe yizigidi eziyishumi nesithupha zamaRandi;
• INew York Stock Exchange iphatha ukuhwebelana kwamasheya emadolobheni amakhulu emhlabeni, kufaka phakathi iLisbon, iLondon neParis.

2) I-American Stock Exchange i-NASDAQ (Nasdak)

Ulwela ukuba seduze nomholi ngangokunokwenzeka. Namuhla ukufakwa kwemali kwe-NASDAQ kusendaweni yesibili phakathi kokuhwebelana komhlaba. Ngokusemthethweni, ukushintshaniswa kwaqala 1971 unyaka, nokho, empeleni, umlando wawo uqale phambilini - ngemuva kokusayina "Yenza i-Maloney"... Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho inhlangano yabathengisi yasungulwa okokuqala emhlabeni.

Okucacile kwalokhu kushintshaniswa kungukungafani kohlelo lokuhweba. Kukhona uhlobo lomncintiswano wokwenza ukuhweba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umenzi ngamunye wemakethe unenombolo ethile yezokuphepha. Umsebenzi wabo ukusiza ukugcina ukwesatshwa kwamasheya abo, kanye nokwenza inani lazo.

Ukuze kwandiswe ithonya layo, i-NASDAQ izame kabili ukuyithola ILondon Stock Exchange, kodwa akuphumelelanga. Ukungena ezimakethe zaseYurophu, ukushintshaniswa kwakudingeka kuthengwe ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayisikhombisa amasheya Iqembu le-OMX - inhlangano yebhizinisi enkulu kunazo zonke eSweden.

3) iTokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)

Lokhu kushintshaniswa kungenye yezindala futhi enkulu kakhulu. Kubhekwa unyaka wokwakheka kwakhe 1878... Ngaleso sikhathi esidlulile kusukela kulowo mzuzu, ukushintshisana kuphumelele ukufinyelela endaweni yesithathu ngokuya ngofeleba.

Okwamanje, ukuphepha kwezinkampani zaseJapan, amabhange nabakhiphi bamazwe angaphandle kuthengiswa eTokyo. Inani labo manje selingaphezu kuka-2 300. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili wemali engenayo yokuhwebelana kwaseJapan kudlula kwelaseTokyo.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zabahlanganyeli zibamba iqhaza endalini:

1. ababizi babizwa saitori;
2. izinkampani ezivamile;
3. izinkampani ezibophayo (ezikhethekile).

4) ILondon Stock Exchange (iLondon Stock Exchange, iLSE)

AT 1570 Umeluleki wasebukhosini ogama lakhe linguThomas Gresham wasungula iLondon Stock Exchange. Kuyinkampani yamasheya ehlangene.

Ngokwengxenye enkulu, amasheya asendaweni athengiswa lapha. Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana, okuyinhloko yazo:

• main;
• okunye;
• imakethe yezokuphepha (lapha ukuhweba kwenziwa kumasheya ezinkampani zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu).

Isici esibalulekile seLondon Stock Exchange ukuthi ivulekele amafemu aphesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezu 50% amasheya athengiswa lapha aphethwe yizinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwamasheya, izinketho nekusasa nakho kuyathengiswa lapha. Usonhlamvukazi bokushintshaniswa namuhla bungaphezu kwezigidigidi ezimbili.

Ukushintshaniswa kubala inkomba yayo njalo - FTSE100... Ukuhlaziya kwakhe kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi uphumelele kangakanani umnotho wamaNgisi.

5) IShanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)

Namuhla kungukushintshaniswa okukhulu kakhulu eChina. Ngokwezinga likasonhlamvukazi, ochwepheshe bavamise ukulibeka endaweni yesihlanu.

IShanghai Stock Exchange isungulwe futhi ngaphakathi ishumi nesishiyagalolunye ikhulu leminyaka. Bese kuthi abangaphandle bavinjelwe ukuthenga amasheya ezinkampani zaseChina. Ukuze ngandlela thile bahlangabezane nalomkhawulo, osomabhizinisi baseChina bahlela iShanghai Brokers Association.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngokusebenzisa 10 iminyaka, uhulumeni wavumela ukuhweba ngamasheya amaShayina. Lokhu kuvumele ukuthi ukushintshisana kusebenze futhi kuthuthuke ngokujwayelekile.

Izabelo zezinkampani, izimali zotshalomali ezidayiswa ngokushintshaniswa, amabhondi athengiswa kushintshaniswa kwanamuhla kweShanghai.

Isidingo esikhulu sezinkampani ukungena ku-stock exchange ukwenza ibhizinisi hhayi ngaphansi kweminyaka emithathu.

Inkomba ibalwa kusetshenziswa konke okokusebenza okuthengiselana ngokushintshisana I-SSE Composite... Inani layo ezingeni 100... Ngokuya ngesimo semakethe, inkomba iyashintsha iye phezulu noma phansi.

6) IHong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE)

Phakathi kokushintshana kwase-Asia, amazinga eHong Kong okwesithathu Indawo.

Umsebenzi ongakahleleki iqale ngo- 1861 konyaka. Lapho isisekelo esisemthethweni kwenzeke ngaphakathi 1891 unyaka.

Kusukela ngo-1964 kuye kwabalwa inkomba, ebizwa UHang wacula... Kunakwa izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu kunazo zonke eHong Kong.

7) I-Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)

Lokhu kushintshana kukhulu kakhulu eCanada futhi kufakwe ngokufanelekile kulezi zingxoxo zomhlaba eziyisikhombisa ezaziwa kakhulu. Yadalwa ngabadayisi abaningi baseCanada ku 1852 unyaka. Ngaphansi kwengxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka kamuva, umbuso wakwamukela ukushintshaniswa kweToronto. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, waqala ukuzenzela udumo emhlabeni wonke.

Namuhla, amasheya ezinhlangano zezimboni eziyizinkulungwane eziningana adayiswa lapha. Ngasikhathi sinye, iningi lemakethe lingezinkampani imisebenzi yazo ihlobene okumbiwayo kwendalo.

Namuhla osonhlamvukazi be-stock stock yaseToronto badlula isigidigidi esisodwa samadola aseMelika.

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Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amazinga okushintshaniswa achazwe lapha awasisekelo. Izinguquko emnothweni zenzeka ngokuqhubekayo: kwethulwa amathuluzi amasha, imigomo yezohwebo iyathuthukiswa, futhi kungavela ezinye izinguquko.

3. Yini edayiswa emakethe yamasheya - ukubuka konke kwezinsimbi zezezimali ezidumile ze-TOP-4

Kunezinjongo ezimbalwa ezifezwe yimakethe yamasheya. Ukusebenza lapha, abadayisi nabatshalizimali kumele bazikhethele ithuluzi elihle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba inani labo likhulu. Ake sihlolisise lokho okuthengiswa emakethe yamasheya.

1) Amaphromoshini

Isitoko Ingabe ukuphepha kokulingana. Ivumela umnikazi ukuthi athole ingxenye yenzuzo yenkampani efomini izinzuzo, futhi futhi kuwubufakazi bobunikazi besabelo enkampanini.

Uma umtshali-zimali oyedwa ekwazi ukuthola okuningi 50% wamasheya, uzoba nethuba lokuthonya imisebenzi yenkampani.

Inani le- izinzuzo futhi yokuntulalokho kuhambisana nokuhweba ngamasheya.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo kukhona:

1. ithuba lokwenza inzuzo ngesikhathi esifushane;
2. ikhono lokulandela isimo semakethe kusuka noma yikuphi emhlabeni lapho kune-Intanethi.

Okubi kakhulu ngokuhweba ngamasheya ukuthi asikho isiqinisekiso sokwenza inzuzo. Izindleko azihlali zihamba ngendlela efanele, okusho ukuthi kunengozi yokulahlekelwa utshalomali lwakho.

2) Amabhondi

Ama-bond ukuphepha kwesikweletu, okusho ukuthi, aqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu owathengile wanika inkampani imali mboleko. Njengenkokhelo yensizakalo enikeziwe, inhlangano iyakhokha izinzuzo.

Isivuno kumabhondi ngokuvamile siphansi kunasesitokisini. Ingozi futhi i-oda lobukhulu obuphansi. Kepha ikhona, njengoba inkampani ingonakala, khona-ke umtshali-zimali kungenzeka alahlekelwe yimali etshalwe kwizibopho zayo.

3) Isikhathi Esizayo

Ikusasa kuyinkontileka yesikhathi esimisiwe ehambisana nokuthengiselana kwempahla ethembiswe kuyo, esikhathini esizayo ukuthengiselana kufanele kuphothulwe ngentengo eyayimiswe ngesikhathi sesivumelwano.

Imvamisa, izimpahla eziyisisekelo yilezi:

• izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana negesi noma uwoyela;
• imikhiqizo yezolimo - ummbila, ubhontshisi, ukolweni;
• zezimali zezifunda ezahlukahlukene.

Inzuzo evela esikhathini esizayo incike ekukhuleni kwenani lalesi sivumelwano.

4) Izinketho

Inketho Ingabe inkontileka yesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabo yilezo lapho kusetshenziswa khona impahla eyisisekelo imali futhi izinsimbi eziyigugu.

Ukwenza inzuzo ngezinketho zokuhweba, kwanele ukuqagela ukuthi inani lalo lizoshintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngendlela, sesivele sikhulume ngokuhweba okukhethwa kukho kanambambili kokunye kokushicilelwa kwethu.

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Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uhlu olungenhla lwezokuphepha aluphelele. Kukhona namanye amathuluzi futhi, njenge amasheke, ushintshanisa, amanothi wesethembiso... Kepha azithandwa phakathi kwabahwebi.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwenza imali kwi-stock exchange

4. Uyenza kanjani imali emakethe yamasheya - Izinketho ze-TOP-3 zokwenza imali kwi-stock exchange 💰

Ezweni lesimanje, imboni enkulu kunazo zonke umsebenzi ezimakethe zamasheya. Izimali zabo eziphelele emhlabeni zilingana nengqikithi I-GDP wonke amazwe futhi ifinyelela kumashumi ayisikhombisa ezigidigidi zamadola.

Inani labantu ababambe iqhaza kule mboni lenyuka nsuku zonke; namuhla selivele lifinyelele ezigidini ezimbalwa. Badonswa ngamathuba angaba khona anikezwa yimakethe yamasheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza imali lapha, phakathi kwazo wonke umuntu angakhetha leyo evumelana naye.

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Sincoma ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emayelana nezinzuzo kumaphromoshini:

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Kungokwemvelo ukuthi inketho ngayinye yokuhola inezayo Ubuhle nobubi... Ake sicabangele izindlela eziyinhloko zokwenza imali ngokushintshanisa, kanye nobuhle (+) nobubi (-) obusekelwe kuzo.

Inketho 1. Ukuhweba (ukuhweba) emakethe yamasheya

Le ndlela yokwenza imali ingenye yezintandokazi kakhulu. Iheha ngamathuba ayo, kanye nenzuzo engenamkhawulo.

Inhloso yomthengisi, njenganoma ikuphi okunye ukuhweba, kuyefana - ukuthenga eshibhile, ukuthengisa okubiza kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukuthengiselana kungenziwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene:

• ukuhweba ku isikhathi esifushane kakhulu isikhathi noma ukucheba - isikhundla sivaliwe ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa noma imizuzwana, inzuzo ingahle yeqe amasenti ambalwa, umphumela wakheka ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokuthengiselana;
• mfushane noma jika ukuhweba - ukuvalwa kokuthengiselana kuvame ukwenziwa emini, ngenkathi kwenzeka ukuthola amaphesenti ambalwa wenzuzo;
• isikhati eside - isivumelwano singagcinwa sivulekile izinyanga ezimbalwa noma ngisho neminyaka, inzuzo ingaba ngamakhulu wamaphesenti.

Ngemininingwane eminingi ngezinhlobo zokuhweba, sabhala encwadini edlule.

Ukunquma ukuqondiswa nokushesha kokunyakaza kwentengo kwensimbi ekhethiwe, kanye nokuqonda ukuthi ungena futhi uphume nini emakethe, abathengisi basebenzisa izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene. Kungenzeka okuyisisekelo futhi stock market ukuhlaziywa lobuchwepheshe... Imvamisa, izinkomba zisetshenziswa kwinqubo yokuhweba, uhlelo olubala ngokwesisekelo samacaphuno kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezibalo.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokuhweba ukuthi phakathi kwenani elikhulu lokuthengiselana okwenziwe, ingxenye ezoba njalo engenzi nzuzo.

Kubalulekile enqubeni yokuhweba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yokuhweba okuwinile iphakeme ↑ kunomphumela waleyo engenzi nzuzo.

Umthetho oyinhloko womthengisi kufanele ukhunjulwe - udinga ukwazi ukuvuma ukuthi isibikezelo asilungile, okusho ukuthi izikhundla ezingenzi nzuzo kufanele zivaliwe nakanjani.

Ukuze kukhuliswe inzuzo, abahwebi basebenzisa amathuba ahlukahlukene engcuphe abanikezwa yimakethe yamasheya:

• isikweletu - ukubamba iqhaza kwinqubo yokuhweba yezimali ezibolekiwe;
• ukudlala okufishane - ngethemba lokuthi inani lethuluzi lizokwehla ngokuzayo, umhwebi uboleka inani elithile kumthengisi futhi athengise, bese ethenga ngemali ephansi abuyisele nemalimboleko.

Ukusebenza kahle kokuhweba kuncike ekutheni uhlelo lokuhweba luthuthukiswa kanjani nokuthi lulandelwa ngokuqinile yini. Uhlu oluthile lwemithetho evame ukusetha:

1. Ungazikhetha kanjani izimakethe, kanye namathuluzi wokuhweba;
2. Kufanele ungene nini emakethe;
3. Isikhundla kufanele sivalwe nini.

Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lokuhweba seluthuthukisiwe, kubalulekile ukukwenza ukuhlolwakusetshenziswa umlando wesilinganiso. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale ukuthi lusebenza ngempumelelo kangakanani futhi lusebenza kahle kanjani uhlelo lokuhweba oluthuthukisiwe, ukuthi inzuzo nokwehliswa kwemali kuguquka kanjani kusetshenziswa izimakethe nezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene.

Uma umhwebi ekwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo olunjalo lokuhweba, lapho esebenzisa amathuba okuthi enze inzuzo abe phezulu, ukuhweba kwakhe kuzoba uphumelele... Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi alukho uhlelo lokuhweba olungasebenza ingunaphakade. Kuya ngokushintsha kwezimo zemakethe, kubiza njalo buyekeza imithetho yokuhweba.

Uma sibheka ukuthi ukuhweba okukuvumela ukuthi uthole inzuzo enkulu emakethe yamasheya, singasho ukuthi lokhu kunjalo inketho engcono yokwenza imali... Kepha ezicini eziningi konke kuzoncika kumthengisi uqobo.

Iqiniso ngukuthi ekubambeni iqhaza ngokuzimela kwezohwebo, kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezimbalwa eziqinile. Uzodinga ukuthola ulwazi oluningi, uchithe isikhathi esiningi uhlaziya futhi uqapha imakethe, kanye nokwenza amadili.

Inketho 2. Ukudluliswa kwezimali kuthenjwa

Labo abangenaso isikhathi nolwazi olwanele lokuhweba bodwa bangadlulisela imali kubo ukuphathwa kwe-trust... Inketho elula kunazo zonke utshalomali ngokuhlanganyela, ethandwa kakhulu okuyi- Isikhwama sokubambisana.

Nini ukuphathwa kwe-trust yakudala umtshalizimali udlulisela izimali zakhe ngqo kumphathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, imali ifakwa kwi-akhawunti ehlukile, ngaphandle kokuhlangana nanoma ngubani omunye, futhi abaphathi benziwa ngabodwana. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubika (imvamisa ikota noma inyanga), umphathi uletha umbiko kumtshali-zimali, okhombisa imiphumela yokuphathwa kwezimali.

Ukutshala imali izimali zokutshala mutual (mutual Funds) kufanele uthenge ingxenye yesikhwama esinjalo, esibizwa ngokuthi yabelana... Zonke izimali eziqoqiwe zitshalwe kwizibambiso. Uma inani lazo likhula, inani eliphelele lemali esikhwameni nalo liyakhula. Ngenxa yalokho, intengo yesabelo ngasinye ngamunye nayo inyuka ngokulingana. Ukulungisa inzuzo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthengiswe amasheya womtshalizimali esitokisini samasheya noma ngqo enkampanini yokuphatha.

Ngaphezu kwe 260 Izimali zezimali zeyunithi, amasheya amaningi awo athengiswa eMoscow Stock Exchange. Lezi zimali zilawulwa cishe yizinkampani ezingama-80 ezibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni.

Kuvela ukuthi ukudluliswa kwezimali kubaphathi kunezinzuzo nezinkinga zombili:

• Phakathi kwe- pluses (+) kungenzeka ukugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi akudingeki ukuthi ube nomthwalo omkhulu wolwazi wokudlulisela imali ethembeni.
• Kubalulekile kusimo (— ) ukuthi umtshalizimali uyeka ukulawula imali yakhe okwesikhashana. Akazi ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa yimenenja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhawulo wokungena wokutshala imali ngakunye uphezulu kakhulu.

Ukudluliswa kwezimali ukwethemba - inketho ekahle kulabo abafuna ukuchitha ubuncane besikhathi ekuphathweni kokutshalwa kwezimali futhi abafuni ukuqonda imininingwane yokutshala imali isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola ulwazi oluncane kunoma yikuphi kuzoba wusizo, kuzosiza ukukwenza ukukhetha okulungile phakathi kokuhlukahluka kwezimenenja noma izimali ezihlanganyelweyo.

Inketho 3. Ukutshalwa kwemali kwesikhwama

Le nketho ithatha inhlanganisela yezigaba ezi-2 (ezimbili) enqubeni yokusebenza emakethe yamasheya:

1. Ukukhethwa kwamasheya anethemba lokukhula elizinzile esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside;
2. Ukungeza izimpahla ezingenabungozi kuphothifoliyo, isib amabhondi kahulumeni noma amabhondi aphethwe inkampani.

Isibonelo sephothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali

Ngaphezu kokukhetha izinhlobo ezimbili zamasheya zokugcwalisa iphothifoliyo, kubalulekile futhi ukunquma inani lazo elifanele. Kufanele kube njalo ukuthi inzuzo yezimpahla ezingenabungozi iyagqagqana (iphelele noma ingxenye) ubungozi bokushintshwa kwenani lamasheya ngendlela engafanele.

Inani lokuthengiselana okwenziwe ngabatshalizimali abatshala imali kuzimali zephothifoliyo lincane (ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nabathengisi). Imvamisa le nombolo ingeqi ku-15-20 ngonyaka. Ngasikhathi sinye, amathuba okuthi inzuzo izokwenziwa njengomphumela aphezulu kakhulu kunangesikhathi sokuhweba. Lokhu kuchazwa ukusetshenziswa kokuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo, kanye nokuba khona kwephothifoliyo yengxenye engenabungozi, esebenza njengohlobo lomshwalense.

Kuvela ukuthi esimweni sokutshalwa kwemali kwesikhwama, umtshali-zimali usebenzisa imigomo nezindlela ezifanayo nomphathi wesikhwama esihlanganyelweyo noma izimali ezifakwe ngazodwana azisebenzisayo. Kulokhu, umnikazi wezimali unakho qedela imininingwane yokuthi imali yakhe itshalwa kuphi, nokuthi inani lezimpahla lishintsha kanjani. (Funda nendatshana yethu lapho ungatshala khona imali ukuze isebenze futhi ikhiqize imali engenayo nyangazonke).

Qaphela! Ngokungafani nokutshala izimali, kungenzeka ukuthi wakhe iphothifoliyo ngokuya ngokuncamelayo.

Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yephothifoliyo evelayo, ungenza iphrofayli ye-yield... Kubonisa inzuzo ezotholwa ngamabhondi, kanye nasemasheya, uma umphumela ulungile kumtshali-zimali.

Le phrofayili futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ubungozi obungaba khona. Ukwenza lokhu, inzuzo ihlelwe kugrafu, ezotholakala uma ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amasheya afakiwe kwiphothifoliyo, umphumela uzoba okungekuhle... Ungakhohlwa ukuthi amathuba okugcina mancane ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke, iphrofayili yenzuzo izokhombisa ubuncane obungenzeka ngokwethiyori.

Ngakho-ke, ukutshalwa kwemali kwiphothifoliyo ezimele kwenzelwe labo abangafuni ukukhipha izimali zabo ngaphandle kolawulo, kepha abakulungele ukwaneliseka ngemali engeniswa ngamabhange kumadiphozithi.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze uphathe iphothifoliyo, awudingi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi nsuku zonke ukubheka nokuhlaziya izimali. Iqiniso ngukuthi ekuqaleni, izimpahla zikhethwa kuphothifoliyo ngokulindela kwe- isikhati eside.

Umphumela wemisebenzi enjalo ungumphumela obikezelwe ngaphambilini. Imvamisa, abatshalizimali abanotshalomali bephothifoliyo bathola hhayi ngaphansi kwama-30% ngonyaka... Imali engenayo enjalo ivumela hhayi kuphela ukonga imali emiphumeleni eyingozi yokwehla kwamandla emali, kodwa futhi nokuyenyusa.

Sincoma futhi ukuthi ufunde i-athikili emayelana nama-akhawunti we-PAMM - ukuthi iyini nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani efanelekile yokutshala izimali zakho.

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Ukwenza kube lula ukuqhathanisa izindlela zokwenza imali, izici zabo zifingqiwe etafuleni:

Cha. Imfanelo yokuqhathanisa	Ukuhweba	Ukuphathwa kweTrust	Ukutshalwa kwemali kwephothifoliyo okuzimele
1. Ukuzuza nezinga lobungozi	Inzuzo ayinamkhawulo, inqobo nje uma kuthuthukiswa uhlelo lokuhweba olusebenzayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinga lobungozi liyakhuphuka, ukulahleka kungahle kungalungiseki.	Inzuzo yazo zonke izimali yehluke kakhulu, kuncike kakhulu esimweni semakethe noma embonini, cishe njalo ukuhamba kwenani lesabelo kuphinda ukuhamba kwenkomba. Uma ukhetha isikhwama sokubambisana, kufanele uhlole inzuzo ekhombise ngokwesilinganiso eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Ingozi lapho utshala imali kwizimali ezihlanganyelwe isezingeni lesilinganiso semakethe. Endabeni yokuphathwa ngakunye, ubungozi kanye nomphumela akunakuqhathaniswa, njengoba kungabantu ngabanye esimweni ngasinye. Ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa isikhathi nenani lotshalo-mali.	Umphumela unqunywa kakhulu ulwazi nemizamo yomtshali-zimali. Kuzofanele wenze ngokusebenzisa imithetho nezimiso ezithile. Inzuzo yikhono lokubikezela umphumela.
2. Amathuluzi	Noma iziphi izinsimbi ezinemali eningi ngokwanele. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa amasheya, ikusasa, izinketho.	Endabeni yokulawulwa ngakunye, zikhethelwa icala ngalinye ngokwehlukana. Izinsimbi ezivame kakhulu amasheya namabhondi. Kunqunywe esimemezelweni sesikhwama sokubambisana. Kukuyo lapho kusungulwa khona ukuthi izimali zizotshalwa kuphi futhi ngaziphi izilinganiso.Futhi, kwezinye izimo, okokusebenza kokutshala imali kwezimali ezihlanganyelwe kunqunywa ngumthetho.	Kwezinye izinsimbi, kunenani elincane lokutshala imali, ngakho-ke uhlu lwezimpahla ezisetshenzisiwe lunqunyelwe inani lenhlokodolobha. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu amasheya namabhondi, kwesinye isikhathi amarisidi wediphozi ayengezwa kuwo.
3. Izindleko zesikhathi	Ekuqaleni, uzodinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi uhlaziya imakethe futhi ulandelela isimo. Uzodinga ukufunda okuningi, uzinikele ekuzifundeleni.	Le ndlela yokuhola imali idinga umzamo omncane nesikhathi. Kwanele ukuqapha ngezikhathi ezithile imiphumela etholakele. Kodwa-ke, kuzothatha umzamo omncane ukuthola ulwazi oluthile. Lokhu kuzokusiza wenze ukhetho olufanele phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezimali nabaphathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingozi yokutshalwa kwemali ingancishiswa kakhulu. Kokuphathwa ngakunye, ulwazi lusiza ukuhlaziya okwenziwa yimenenja.	Ukutshalwa kwemali kwiphothifoliyo kungukuyekethisa phakathi kwezinketho zokuqala nezesibili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzodinga ukuchitha isikhathi sakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akudingeki uhlale usuku lonke kumqapha wekhompyutha. Ukuhlaziya isimo, ukuhoxisa inzuzo, ukushintsha ukwakheka noma ukwakheka kwephothifoliyo, uchwepheshe akadingi ngaphezu kosuku olulodwa ngesonto. Uma sikhuluma ngesidingo sokufunda, kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi ukuthola ulwazi kunokuphathwa kwe-trust, kepha kuncane ngokungenakuqhathaniswa kunokuhweba. Inani lemininingwane edingekayo alilikhulu kangako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awudingi ukwenza izivivinyo ezisebenzayo ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.
4. Utshalomali oluncane	Kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisihlanu	Lapho utshala imali kwizimali ezihlangene, inani lokungena lincane - kusuka 5 000 ama-ruble. Endabeni yokulawulwa ngakunye, imibandela ibekwa ecaleni ngalinye ngqo. Imvamisa, abaphathi badinga idiphozi yama-ruble ayisigidi noma ngaphezulu. Inani elilungile labaphathi lingu-20.	Lapho kukhula utshalomali lokuqala, amathuluzi amaningi ayatholakala. Izimiso eziyisisekelo zingasetshenziswa kuzikhundla, inani lazo eliqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisihlanu.
5. Izindleko	Ziqukethe ikhomishini yomthengisi, ukushintshaniswa, idiphozi. Usayizi wekhomishini uncike kwinani lokuthengiselana okwenziwe. Uma kwenzeka umsebenzi ophakeme, ungakhetha amanani ngamakhomishini ahleliwe.	Ezimalini zomunye nomunye, inamaprimiyamu entengo lapho uthenga isabelo nezaphulelo lapho uzithengisa. Iyahlukahluka kwizimali ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1-3%. Ukuphathwa ngakunye, kufaka inani elinqunyelwe lekhomishini (3-10% yenani elitshaliwe), kanye nephesenti lenzuzo yonyaka (10-35%).	Indlela ephansi yokwenza imali. Izindleko ziqukethe amakhomishini omthengisi, wokushintshanisa nawokugcina. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yenani elincane lokuthengiselana okwenziwe, alidluli ku-1% wezimpahla zizonke. Ungadinga ukuxhasa ngemali imfundo. Kodwa-ke, leli nani lingelesikhathi esisodwa futhi likhokha ngokushesha.

Zonke izindlela ezethulwayo zokwenza imali kwi-stock exchange zilungile ngendlela yazo. Izici zalowo nalowo zivumela umtshali-zimali ukuthi akhethe kahle, akhethe inketho evumelana naye.

Uqala kanjani futhi kuphi ukuhweba ngokuzimela ekushintshaneni kwesitoko ngezinyathelo ezi-5 - umhlahlandlela wabathengisi abaqalayo

5. Ukuhweba emakethe yamasheya - imiyalo yokuthi ungaqala kanjani ukuhweba kwi-stock exchange yabaqalayo 📝

Kwabaqalayo abasanda kufika emakethe yamasheya, kungaba nzima ukuqonda ukuthi baqale kuphi ukuhweba. Kungakho sinikeze imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yabaqalayo ngezinyathelo ezi-5 kule ncwadi.

Isinyathelo 1. Khetha umthengisi

Umthengisi - umlamuli ekuhwebeni, lapho ukuxhumana kwenzeka khona phakathi komthengisi nokushintshana. Kungenxa yokukhethwa komlingani okuqala ukusebenza emakethe.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yimuphi umthengisi ongcono, udinga ukuqhathanisa izinketho ezingenzeka ngokususelwa kumapharamitha alandelayo:

• imigomo yezohwebo;
• ukutholakala kokuqeqeshwa nezinto zokuhlaziya;
• ukusebenza obala;
• Ubulula nesivinini sokukhishwa kwemali kwi-akhawunti.

Kubalulekile ukuthi hhayi imibhalo ekopishwe kwezinye izinsiza kuphela enikezwa njengezinto zokufundisa.

Abathengisi abazihloniphayo ngezikhathi ezithile baqhuba amakilasi ngendlela yezingqungquthela nama-webinar, lapho ungeke ugcwalise kuphela isisekelo sakho solwazi, kepha futhi ubuze uthisha imibuzo.

Izinto zokuhlaziya kufanele futhi zihluke. Ngokufanelekile, umthengisi kufanele ahlinzeke ngemiphumela yokuhlaziya nobuchwepheshe eyisisekelo. Kundatshana ehlukile, siphinde sabhala ukuthi singakhetha kanjani umthengisi we-Forex.

Isinyathelo 2. Faka isoftware kukhompyutha yakho

Konke ukuhweba kuzokwenzeka kusetshenziswa uhlelo olukhethekile olukuvumela ukuthi ungene ku-inthanethi futhi wenze ukuthengiselana, - Isikhumulo... Kufanele ifakwe kukhompyutha ngemuva kokukhetha umthengisi usebenzisa isixhumanisi sokulanda esinikezwe kuwebhusayithi yenkampani yomthengisi.

Ngemuva kokufakwa, ukuphela kufanele kulungiselelwe ngokubeka imingcele eshadi elula, engeza izinkomba ezisetshenzisiwe nezinsimbi kubo.

Isinyathelo 3. Prakthiza ku-akhawunti yedemo

Ochwepheshe abancomi ukuthi abaqalayo bathengise ngokushesha imali yangempela. Ngisho nalabo abanolwazi lwezezimali zokuhweba kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa emakethe yezokuphepha.

I-akhawunti yedemo ikuvumela ukuthi uzilungiselele ngokwengqondo ukuqala komsebenzi, hlola ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe isu lokuhweba.

Isinyathelo 4. Vula i-akhawunti yangempela

Ngemuva kokuzethemba emandleni akho nakucebo elikhethiwe ngesikhathi sokuhweba kwi-akhawunti yedemo, ungazuza inzuzo engaguquki, ungavula i-akhawunti yangempela.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma ungakwazi ukuthola umphumela omuhle lapho uhweba ku-akhawunti yedemo, akufanele uqale ukusebenza ngemali yangempela.

Abadayisi abangochwepheshe ukweluleka shintshela ekuhwebeni kwangempela kuphela lapho ukwazi ukuphinda kabili inani kwi-akhawunti yedemo. Iqiniso ukuthi noma ukuhweba ngempumelelo izinsuku ezimbalwa, umuntu akakwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi kuzosebenza nasesikhathini esizayo.

Imakethe ayilindelekile, iminyakazo yayo ingalindelekile nhlobo. Ukuthola imali engamaphesenti ayikhulu kukuvumela ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi uzokwazi ukumelana nokudonswa okuphawulekayo kwe-akhawunti.

Isinyathelo 5. Ukuhweba kwangempela

Lapho zonke izinyathelo zangaphambilini sezidlulisiwe, ungaqala ukuthenga nokuthengisa ukuphepha, okuqondiswa isu elikhethiwe.

Mhlawumbe ekuqaleni, ukwehla kuzobaluleka impela, ngoba ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa kwangempela nokudlala imali kuhluke kakhulu.

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Ngakho-ke, lapho eqala ukusebenza ezimakethe zamasheya, oqalayo kufanele alungele iqiniso lokuthi ukubekezela nokuziphatha okuphezulu kuyodingeka kuye. Akunakwenzeka Thembela kuphela enhlanhleni naku-intuition, ungaphambuki ohlelweni oluhlosiwe.

Uma ngandlela thile isu elikhethiwe liyeka ukwenza inzuzo, kungcono ukuyeka ukuhweba isikhashana. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanelekile ukuhlaziya imiphumela futhi, mhlawumbe, nokushintsha eminye imithetho yokuhweba.

6. Isilinganiso sabathengisi bemakethe yamasheya yaseRussia - ukubuka konke kwezinkampani ezihamba phambili ze-TOP-4 💎

Namuhla, izinkampani eziningi zisebenza emakethe ezinikezela ngezinsizakalo zokulamula phakathi komhwebi nokushintshanisa. Ngakho-ke, kungaba nzima kasaqala ukukhetha umthengisi onokwethenjelwa ngempela.

Ukuze ungaphazami, kungcono ukusebenzisa isilinganiso esihlanganiswe ochwepheshe ekuqaleni.

# 1. I-BCS Broker

Abaningi babheka le nkampani njengomthengisi ohamba phambili emakethe yamasheya yaseRussia.

Banikela ngokuhweba ngenani elikhulu lezinsimbi:

• amasheya;
• izibopho;
• ongakhetha kukho;
• ikusasa;
• imali.

Abaqalayo banconywa ukuthi basebenzise intela Qala... Ngenyanga yokuqala yokusebenza, umthengisi uzokhokhisa ikhomishini elingana ne- 0,0177% wemali efakiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, umholo wenkampani uzonqunywa ngokuya ngenzuzo ekule akhawunti.

I-BCS inikeza amaklayenti ayo ithuba lokusebenzisa izibalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ukuqeqeshwa, ama-webinar namasemina ahlinzekwa lapha. Labo abanentshisekelo bangasebenzisa insizakalo yezifundo ezingazodwana.

# 2. I-Finam

Ochwepheshe be-Broker Finam abancomi ukuthi kusetshenziswe abaqalayo... Yize kunezifundo ezisezingeni eliphezulu lapha, izimo zokuhweba zilungele abahwebi abanolwazi.

Iqiniso ngukuthi idiphozi ephansi kuFinam yile30 000 ama-ruble, ngenkathi isilinganiso esiphezulu kuphela 1:50.

Ngaphandle kwezimo ezingezinhle neze, umthengisi uyathandwa. Lokhu kuyachaza ukwethembeka... Ngokungafani nezinkampani eziningi zaseRussia ezikhona, iFinam inayo ilayisense ekhishwe yi-Central Bank... Lesi isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yezinsizakalo ezinikezwayo.

Inombolo 3. Ukuvula-Broker

Banikeza izinketho ezintathu zokubambisana:

1. Ukuhweba okuzimele;
2. Ukuvula izikhundla ngokuya ngezibalo ezivela kochwepheshe;
3. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ngezimali ezikhuliswe ngazinye.

Inketho ngayinye inikeza inani elikhulu lamanani angaba khona. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu angakhetha inketho efanelekile kulo broker.

Ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi abaqalayo basebenzise ukuhweba ngezimpawu zokuhlaziya. Ikhomishini lapha ayiphezulu kakhulu - kuphela 0,24% yenzuzo ku-akhawunti, ngenkathi kungenzeka ukwenza ukuthengiselana ngokumane ushayele umdayiseli.

Cha. 4. I-Alpari

Kujwayelekile kakhulu I-Alpari zisetshenziselwa ukusebenza ku-Forex. Kodwa-ke, namuhla banikela ngezinketho eziningana zesikhathi esizayo zokuhweba. Ukuhlelwa okwengeziwe kwenani lamathuluzi kuhlelwe.

Inzuzo engangabazeki yomthengisi ukutholakala kwekhwalithi ephezulu izinhlelo zokuqeqesha... Nsuku zonke wonke umuntu (kufaka phakathi abasebenzisi abangabhalisiwe) angabuka inani elikhulu lama-webinar.

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Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha umthengisi ophelele, kungaba wusizo ukusebenzisa izeluleko zochwepheshe. Abaningi babo bakwazi ukusebenza nezinkampani eziningana, ngakho-ke bakhuluma ngazo zonke izici zabo ohlangothini lwekhasimende.

Amathiphu awusizo we-7.10 wokuhweba okuphumelelayo nokunenzuzo emakethe yamasheya 📌💰

Kunzima kakhulu kubahwebi abaningi ukuthi baqale ukuthola imali emakethe yamasheya, futhi imvamisa ubunzima buhlobene nokuziphatha komthengisi uqobo.

Iqiniso ngukuthi abantu abaningi benza amaphutha afanayo, bawela ezingibeni ezifanayo. Iningi lazo liwumphumela wokushiya isu elicacile lokuhweba.

Ukuhweba nge-Chaotic kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphawulekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkinga eziningi zingagwenywa uma usebenzisa izeluleko ezinikezwa ochwepheshe.

Ithiphu 1. Thuthukisa uhlelo lokuhweba

Ukuhweba kufanele kwenziwe ngokulandela uhlelo oluthile. Wonke umhwebi kufanele azenzele isethi yemithetho okutholakele futhi ukuvala izikhundla.

Okulandelayo, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bayasebenza, besebenzisa i-akhawunti yedemo... Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ithi okuhle, ungahweba usebenzisa uhlelo vula kwangempela imali... Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokuqinile imithetho ethuthukisiwe.

Ithiphu 2. Ungathatheki

Akufanele uzame ukushaya imakethe ngokuvula inani elikhulu lezikhundla. Isivumelwano esisodwa esicatshangelwe kahle sanele ukwenza inzuzo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwenani elikhulu lamasignali okuvula isikhundla, kufanelekile ukukhetha okufana kakhulu nesistimu esetshenzisiwe.

Uma kungekho siginali ecacile, akufanele ungene emakethe nhlobo. Kwesinye isikhathi azikho izikhundla ezivulekile okuyizikhundla ezifanele.

Ithiphu 3. Phatha ukulahlekelwa kwakho

Umhwebi akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhweba kukhona ukulahleka ngenakugwemeka... Kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ukubeka kahle Misa Ukulahlekelwaokuholela ekulahlekelweni.

Ungesabi ama-minus amancane, ngoba lokhu akukhona ukulahlekelwa, kodwa izindleko ezingenakugwemeka. Ukuphathwa kokulahleka okunekhono kuphela, okusho ubungozi, okukuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuhweba kube ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ithiphu 4. Thatha isikhathi sakho

Ungajahi ukuthola inzuzo enkulu.

Isikhundla kufanele sivulwe ngangokunokwenzeka ezingeni lokuxhaswa. Stop Loss kumele isethwe ngokushesha.

Uma intengo ihamba ngendlela engafanele, ukulahleka kufanele kulungiswe.

Ithiphu 5. Ungabi nomhobholo

Ngemuva kokungena emakethe, kufanele unikeze isikhundla sokuthuthukisa, shiya plus (+)... Kepha esimweni sokusondela kulayini wokumelana, kuyalandela ngasikhathi sinye vala isikhundla.

Musa ukuhaha, uma kungenjalo intengo izobuyela emuva futhi inzuzo izoncipha kakhulu.

Ithiphu 6. Ungazami ukubuyisa imali

Izikhathi lapho samukelwa khipha (-), isivumelwano esidingekayo savalwa ngephutha, ukusebenza akuzange kwenziwe ngokulandela imithetho, abathengisi abasanda kuzama bazama ukulungisa okuthile ngokujaha ukuvula izikhundla ezintsha. Lokhu akukufanele ukwenza, njengoba ungaphula izinkuni.

Kungcono ukushiya imakethe amahora amaningana noma ngisho nezinsuku, kuze kube yilapho ikhono lokuhlola isimo sibuya kabusha.

Ithiphu 7. Ungadlali ngothando

Umhwebi kufanele aqede isasasa, kuyanconywa ukwenza ukuthengiselana ngokuthula, ukuhlola isimo ngokwanele.

Uma umhwebi ejabula, wenza kuphela ukubonakala kokuhlaziywa, empeleni, engazinaki izimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kulokhu, amadili avulwa ngokushesha, okuholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo.

Ithiphu 8. Ungasebenzisi zonke izinhlobo zokuhlaziya ngasikhathi sinye

Labo abahweba ngokuhlaziya amashadi abadingi ukubuka izindaba. Khumbula ukuthi uhlelo lubheka imicimbi eyedlule neyesikhathi esizayo.

Okubalulekile! Noma yiziphi izenzo kufanele zenziwe ngokuya ngohlelo lokuhweba.

Ithiphu 9. Ungayishayi indiva imfundo

Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kube okuqhubekayo... Abathengisi abaningi, banquma ukuthi bazi konke, baqala ukulahlekelwa yimali. Imvamisa bangena emisebenzini esuselwa olwazini kuphela, benganaki ukuhlaziywa.

Khumbula: kuhlale kunethuba lokufunda okuthile okusha. Noma ngabe uhlelo lusebenza, ulwazi olusha lungasiza ukukhulisa inzuzo nokunciphisa ukulahleka.

Ithiphu 10. Ungakhohliswa

Ungathembeli ngokuphelele kuzinkomba zobuchwepheshe, abeluleki, noma amasu angahloliwe.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isu ekuhwebeni emakethe yezezimali, kubalulekile qiniseka ukuthi iyasebenza i-akhawunti yedemo.

Namuhla, i-Intanethi inikezela ngenqwaba yezinketho zemiholo yokuwina, okugcina kuyinkohliso engasho lutho. Kunendatshana kuwebhusayithi yethu echaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokwenza imali kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwemali nokukhohliswa - iqukethe izindlela zangempela zokwenza imali online!

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Ngakho-ke, impumelelo ezimakethe zamasheya kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima nokuzikhandla.

Awudingi ukwethemba umuntu othembisa umholo omkhulu ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukuhweba - kuhlala kulindelwe (ngomzuzu omuhle kakhulu, ukuphuma kungukuhlanganisa). Ukuthola ngokushesha nokuqinisekisiwe ngeke kusebenze lapha.

Funda ngokuthi ungayenza kanjani imali ngokushesha kwenye yama-athikili ethu.

Ngubani ongasiza ngokuqeqeshwa ekuthengisweni kwemakethe yamasheya - ukubuka konke kwenkampani

8. Ukuqeqeshwa ekuhwebeni esitokweni - kusiza ochwepheshe ekuqeqesheni ukuhweba 📚

Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuhweba okuphumelelayo ukuqeqeshwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ekuhwebeni kusitoko samasheya. Sikhulume ngokuqeqeshwa kwe-Forex kumagazini wokugcina.

Ababambiqhaza abaningi bemakethe yezokuphepha abaqeqeshiwe banikela ngezifundo namuhla. Mayelana nalokhu, ukukhetha okulungele ukuqala kungaba nzima. Ngakho-ke, sinqume ukukhuluma ngezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuqeqesha zanamuhla.

Abathengisi abaningi banikela ukuqeqeshwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Phakathi kwalabo abasiza ngokuhweba kwi-stock exchange, umuntu angazikhethela I-Finam futhi UZerich... Nakhu okunikezwayo Hhayi kuphela okomcabango, kodwa futhi amashabhu... Basiza ukuqonda izisekelo zokusebenza kwemakethe.

Ukusebenza ngokushintshana kwazo zonke izinhlobo kukhulunywa kahle ngakho engqungqutheleni enikezwa yi I-Nefteprombank... Ukuqeqeshwa lapha kumahhala ngokuphelele. Ochwepheshe bazokutshela ukuthi yimaphi amasu athandwa kakhulu futhi bachaze nemithetho yesicelo sabo.

Ungawuzibi umnikelo ovela ku- "Isikhungo Sezimali"... Isifundo sonke sakhiwe lapha, okubandakanya ezimbili theory kanye eziyisishiyagalolunye okusebenzayo... Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi ukwanda kokuqeqeshwa ngezandla kuvumela abaqalayo ukuba bazijwayeze ngokushesha imakethe. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaningi baqala ukuhweba ngempumelelo ngemuva kwengxenye yezifundo.

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Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukufeza impumelelo emakethe futhi ube nguchwepheshe ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Kufanele unake lezi zifundo ezingenhla, ngoba ziyatholakala futhi ingxenye enkulu yazo bakhululekile.

9. Izimpendulo Zemibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo (FAQ) 📑

AmaNewbies asanda kungena emakethe yamasheya ngokungangabazeki abuza inani elikhulu lemibuzo. Ukuthola izimpendulo kuzo kungathatha isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ngezansi sizozama ukuphendula ezibuzwa kakhulu.

Umbuzo 1. Ayini ama-chips aluhlaza emakethe yamasheya?

Amachips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - lezi yizinkampani ezinezabelo zazo okuwuketshezi kakhulu futhi okuthandwa kakhulu kusitoko sokuthengiselana... Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi uhlu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lungashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kungenxa yokungazinzi kwemakethe yamasheya.

Kunezinombolo zezimfanelo ama-chips aluhlaza anazo:

1. Ukuzinza namandla amakhulu enkampani. Ungahlola le mingcele, kanye nesimo senhlangano emakethe, ngokubala osonhlamvukazi inkomba... Kutholakala njengomkhiqizo wenani lamasheya athengiswa emakethe ngenani lawo. Inani eliphakeme lenkomba lenza kube nokwenzeka ukwahlulela ukusebenza kunalokho okusebenzayo kwenkampani.
2. Inkampani ikhula ngokuqinile, futhi inani lamasheya ayo likhula njalo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kuma-chips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inani lamasheya elibalulekile alinqunywa ngokuqagela okuphezulu, kepha ngesikhundla sangempela senkampani emakethe.
3. Izinga eliphakeme lamasheya okuphepha. Kutholakala ngenani elikhulu lokuthengiselana nabo (ukuthenga nokuthengisa) esikhathini esifushane.

ERussia, inkomba ye-blue-chip ibalwa ku-Moscow Exchange njalo ngekota.

Uhlu lwamachips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emakethe yamasheya aseRussia lubandakanya izinkampani zikawoyela negesi – ULukoil, Surgutneftegaz, IGazprom, amabhange amakhulu kakhulu – I-Sberbank, I-VTB nezinye izinkampani.

Ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi abathengisi abangenalo ulwazi ngezimpahla ezinobungozi obukhulu batshale ezokuphepha zalezi zinkampani.

Umbuzo 2. Yimaphi amasheya asebenzayo eRussia?

ERussia, imakethe yamasheya yaqala ukukhula ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwavela khona ukuhwebelana kokuqala. Ezinye zazo zisasebenza ngendlela efanayo.

Kodwa-ke, okunye ukushintshana kube nezinguquko emhlabeni jikelele. Amasayithi amakhulu kakhulu asebenza eRussia okwamanje achazwe ngezansi.

1) IMoscow Stock Exchange

Kuyinto yokushintshanisa enkulu kunazo zonke eRussia namuhla. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi siza kwenzeka ngoDisemba 2011 konyaka. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izimbangi ezimbili ezinkulu zahlangana khona - IMoscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX) futhi Uhlelo Lokuhweba lwaseRussia (RTS)... Kungakho iMoscow Exchange ivame ukubizwa ngeplatifomu ebumbene. I-MICEX-RTS.

Namuhla jikelele futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uhwebe wonke amathuluzi. YiMoscow Exchange - umholi eRussia, inikeza iningi lenzuzo ephelele. Imininingwane ephelele mayelana nale ndawo yethulwe kuwebhusayithi moex (dot) ru.

Ukushintshaniswa kunikeza izinsizakalo ezimakethe ezi-6:

• imakethe yamasheya, efaka imikhakha emithathu - iMakethe enkulu, iStandard, iClassica;
• okuphuma emakethe;
• imali;
• imali.

Bangaphezu kuka-80% abathengiswa emakethe enkulu amasheya eRussia futhi 99% - izibopho... Yiyo le makethe eyisisekelo sokuvela kwezimali zokuphepha eRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndawo lapho iningi lotshalo-mali lwangaphandle emnothweni waseRussia lwenziwa.

Ku-FORTS noma emakethe evela kokunye kuyathengiswa ukuphepha okuvela kokunye... Okuthandwa kakhulu yizinketho kanye nekusasa. Ikusasa lenkomba ye-RTS linemali eningi kunazo zonke izinsimbi ezithengiswa lapha.

Okulandelayo kuzungeza emkhakheni wemali we-Moscow Exchange:

• Idola laseMelika;
• Euro;
• yuan;
• i-hryvnia;
• tenge;
• I-ruble yaseBelarusian.

Kukhona nokufinyelela kubhasikidi wezimali ezimbili kanye nokushintshaniswa kwemali.

Emkhakheni wemali wemakethe, imisebenzi isizakala kusetshenziswa amabhondi kahulumeni. ICentral Bank ibuye ibe nezindali zemalimboleko yesikhashana lapha.

Umkhakha wezimpahla eMoscow Exchange awuthuthukisiwe kahle kangangoba akusiko ngisho nesiko ukuwukhetha.

2) iSt Petersburg Stock Exchange

Igama elifushanisiwe lalokhu kushintshaniswa ngu FBSPb... Imininingwane ephezulu ngayo itholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-spbex (ichashazi) ru.

Lokhu kushintshaniswa kubhekisa iningi umkhakha wezimpahla... Phakathi kwezinsimbi ezithengiswayo, okuthandwa kakhulu yizimpahla ikusasa.

Kuku-FBSPb lapho amanani akhiwa eRussia ngalezo zimpahla njenge ummbila, ubhontshisi, ukolweni, ukotini, udizili nabanye.

3) Ukushintshaniswa kwemali eSt. Petersburg

Iwebhusayithi yokushintshanisa - i-spcex (dot) ru. Ukuhweba lapha US dollars, ama-euro, futhi ukubolekwa kwemali ebhange... Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibopho zezinhlangano zeRussian Federation ziyathengiswa kulokhu kushintshaniswa.

4) Ipulatifomu ye-elekthronikhi "MFB"

Iwebhusayithi yokushintshanisa - mse (dot) ru. Izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene zesitoko nezimpahla ziyathengiswa lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubanjwa indali nemincintiswano ehlukahlukene kokushintshana okwethulwayo, kanye namathenda okuqothuka.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqwaba yamasheya ivela ezimakethe zokuhwebelana zamasheya eMoscow naseSt. Noma kunjalo, amanye amasayithi aqhubeka nokusebenza.

Umbuzo 3. Ungamkhetha kanjani umthengisi wemakethe yamasheya ofanele?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuhweba emakethe yamasheya sithi Ukukhetha broker.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labaqalayo liqondiswa yilezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• ukusebenza;
• imigomo yohlelo lwentela;
• ukwethembeka;
• ikhwalithi yokwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe;
• inani lamakhasimende;
• inzuzo yenkampani.

Zonke izinkampani zabarhwebi zinikela ngezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zensizakalo yamakhasimende. Imvamisa kunqunywa ngohlobo lokwenziwe.

Ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi abaqalayo bakhethe amanani lapho kungekho mali yokubhaliselwe, futhi ikhomishini yokugcina izibambiso incane.

Lapho ufunda ukuthembeka kwenkampani, kufanele unake ukuthi isebenza kangakanani emakethe. Ngokwemvelo, akufanele uthembe abathengisi asebenze unyaka owodwa noma emibili. Kungasiza ukunaka ukuthi ngubani ongumnikazi wamasheya enkampani. Abathembeke kakhulu kuzoba yilabo babathengi abamasheya abo angawabo umbuso.

Inani lamakhasimende linqunywa yinkomba yenombolo yama-akhawunti abadayisi asebenzayo. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ababambiqhaza bemakethe bathembela kangakanani kumthengisi othile.

Lapho ukhetha umthengisi ngokubambisana, kubalulekile ukubheka zonke izinto ndawonye. Le ukuphela kwendlela yokukhetha umlingani onokwethenjelwa ngokweqiniso futhi ungadonswa ezinhlelweni zokukhwabanisa.

Umbuzo 4. Yikuphi okusebenza kangcono - ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo noma kwezobuchwepheshe emakethe yamasheya?

Phakathi kwabahwebi abasebenza hhayi kuphela emakethe yezokuphepha, kunemizamo ejwayelekile yokuqhathanisa okuyisisekelo futhi ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe... Bazama ukuqonda ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi angcono futhi angabasiza bathole inzuzo ethe xaxa.

Yilawa maqembu amabili wezindlela enza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlaziya ukuheha utshalomali kwamasheya... Ngasikhathi sinye, zinokwehluka okuphawulekayo, okulele zombili izinsimbi ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nesikhathi lapho inqubo isetshenziswa khona.

Abahwebi abathembele ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo, bagxile kubo ekutheni ukufunwa nokunikezwa kwempahla nezinsizakalo zenkampani kuhlobene kanjani. Ngokwenza kanjalo, bahlaziya izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• ukubika;
• isikhundla semakethe;
• yabelana ngentengo kusilinganiso somholo;
• izinga lokukhula kwenkampani;
• izilinganiso zomhlaziyi.

Abathengisi abayinhloko bavame ukuthenga ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, abanaki ukuthi intengo yesitoko ishintsha kanjani ngosuku oluthile.

Ngesikhathi ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshengokuphambene nalokho, ihlola izinguquko kunani lethuluzi, eziboniswa eshadini, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi amafomu entengo ahlukile izibalo namamodelieziphindaphindwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, lapho abahlaziyi bebona ukwakheka okulandelayo kwesibalo noma imodeli esunguliwe eshadini, bathola iziphetho ngokuqhubeka kokushintshwa kwentengo.

Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo ikuvumela ukuthi wahlulele amandla afakwe ekuphepheni okuthile. Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe ikuvumela ukuthi wahlulele ukuthi inani lalo liguquguquka kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili lezi zinhlobo zokuhlaziya zinazo ezazo izinzuzo futhi ukulinganiselwa.

Izici zokuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo

Izinzuzo (+) zokuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo Ngukuthi ikuvumela ukuthi wahlulele ukuthi yini imikhuba emakethe, nokuthi yiziphi izici ezinomthelela kuyo. Kuvela ukuthi ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kusivumela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi siyini isizathu senkambiso yamanje.

Okubalulekile khipha (-) indlela enjalo yokuhlola imakethe ukungaqondakali... Kungaba nzima kwabaqalayo ukuqhathanisa imiphumela etholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa nezethulo zemidwebo zemakethe. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaphutha wokuhweba avame ukwenzeka.

Umhwebi osebenzisa ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo, aphoqelelwe ukuba azi yonke imicimbi... Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukulandela hhayi izindaba zomnotho kuphela, kepha nezimboni, umhlaba kanye nezepolitiki. Kulokhu, umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kolwazi oluyisisekelo lwale mikhakha yezomnotho.

Izici zokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe

Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kusebenza ne- ukukhonjiswa kokuqhafaza kwamanani... Ngakho-ke kulandela inzuzo enkulu (+) - ukubonakala... Abantu abaningi bakuthola kulula kakhulu lokhu kuhlaziya. Onke amathuluzi adingekayo asevele akhiwe ku-terminal, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuchitha isikhathi ufuna ulwazi.

Phakathi kwe- i-cons (-) ukuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe eyinhloko ngukuthi ukuzithoba - umhwebi ngamunye uhumusha imininingwane ekhonjiswe eshadini ngendlela yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe akusivumeli ukuthi siqonde ukuthi kungani lokhu noma lokho kuhamba kwenzeka.

Ngemuva kokufunda ubuhle nobubi bendlela ngayinye yokuhlaziya, umhwebi ngamunye angazinqumela ukuthi iyiphi ayithandayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ochwepheshe batusa ukuzisebenzisa Sekukonke, ngoba imvamisa aziphikisani.

Ukuhlaziywa okuyisisekelo kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthambekela okuyinhloko, ukuqinisekiswa kwayo kungatholakala kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlaziya kukuvumela ukuthi uthole isithombe esiphelele ngokwengeziwe semakethe, ukusebenzisa amathuba aphezulu okwenza inzuzo.

Umbuzo 5. Yini ongayikhetha - imakethe yamasheya yaseRussia (i-RF) noma i-American (USA) yokuhweba?

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Intanethi kuvumele abathengisi ukuthi bahwebe emakethe yezokuphepha, imakethe yamasheya cishe yanoma isiphi isimo. Mayelana nalokhu, bavame ukuzibuza umbuzo, iyiphi imakethe ongayikhetha.

Imvamisa, abathengisi baseRussia babheka ezinye izindlela ezimbili - IsiRashiya futhi Izimakethe zokuphepha zaseMelika... Ukuthatha isinqumo, kufanele ucabangele izinzuzo zalowo nalowo kubo.

Izinzuzo zemakethe yamasheya yaseRussia:

1. Inani elincane ukufaka. Ungaqala ukuhweba emakethe yaseRussia nge 10 000 ama-ruble, yize kulokhu kuzoba nekhomishini ephakeme ngokwanele ngamaphesenti. Ungaqala ukuthola inzuzo ngokutshala ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinkampanini zezentengiselwano ezivumela abaseRussia ukuthi bahwebe kwi-American stock exchange, umkhawulo wokungena uphakeme kakhulu - ama-5-10 amadola ayizinkulungwane.
2. Ukuqala okusheshayo. Ukwenza isivumelwano, faka imali ku-akhawunti bese uqala ukusebenza emakethe yaseRussia, kwanele eyodwa noma ezimbili izinsuku. Kuzothatha okungenani isonto ukungena emakethe yaseMelika. Cishe kusetshenziswa imigomo efanayo yokukhipha izimali.
3. Imali iphansi. Uma umhwebi enquma ukusebenza ngokushintshana kweRussia, uzokhokhiswa ikhomishini evela kumthengisi waseRussia nokushintshana. Uma ufuna ukuhweba ngokushintshaniswa kwaseMelika, uzodinga ukukhokha amakhomishini okushintshaniswa kwaseMelika kanye nabashintshi ababili - ezifuywayo nezangaphandle.
4. Akukho mkhawulo wolimi... Ngaphandle kokuthi lapho esebenza ngokushintshisana kwaseMelika, umhwebi uxhumana kuphela nabashintshi baseRussia, kuzofanele afune imininingwane yokuhlaziywa kumasayithi olimi lwesiNgisi.
5. Ukuxhaswa nguhulumeni. Kusukela ngo-2015, ukutshala imali kuMoscow Exchange kukwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukubuyisa intela yemali enanini lika 13% wenani lotshalo-mali. Ukutshalwa kwemali enanini lama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amane kuwela ngaphansi kwelungelo.

Umsebenzi wabathengisi baseRussia emakethe yaseMelika unezinzuzo eziningi:

1. Amathuba okwehlukahlukana awanamkhawulo. Usonhlamvukazi bemakethe yaseMelika yibo obuphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni. Amashumi ezinkulungwane zamathuluzi athengiswa lapha (uma kuqhathaniswa, kukhona amakhulu ambalwa eRussia). Kukhona ithuba lokutshala imali cishe kulo noma yini umkhakha.
2. Umnotho waseMelika usalokhu uqine kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuphepha kwabaholi bezomnotho womhlaba kuthengiswa esitokweni saleli lizwe. Phakathi kwama-chips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nansi, ngokwesibonelo, Google futhi i-apula.
3. Emakethe yaseMelika, kunezitoko zezinkampani ebezikhula amashumi eminyaka. Isibonelo senhlangano enjalo I-Walt disney.
4. Amandla wokuhlanganisa ukuhweba nendawo esemqoka yokusebenza. Ukuhwebelana okukhulu kwaseMelika kuvulekile kusuka 18:30 ngaphambi 1:00 ngesikhathi saseMoscow.
5. Ingqalasizinda yezimakethe zaseMelika ithuthukiswe kangcono kunaleyo yaseRussia. Izinga lama-analytics liphakeme kakhulu lapha, izinsizakalo zithuthukiswa kakhulu, zikuvumela ukuthi wenze isinqumo esifanele.

Ngakho-ke, ama-stock stocks aseRussia afaneleka kakhulu kubathengisi be-novice, kanye nalabo abanemali yabo elinganiselwe kuma-ruble ayisigidi.

Ngemuva kokuthi kucace okuyisisekelo komsebenzi wokuhwebelana, futhi nenani lotshalo-mali landa kakhulu, ungangena ngokuphepha emakethe yaseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi ezimakethe ezimbili ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingozi.

Kule ncwadi, sizamile ukugqamisa izingqinamba zomsebenzi ezimakethe zamasheya ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze kube lula ngabahwebi, sitshele ukuthi ungaqala kanjani ukuhweba kwi-stock exchange, sinikeze izeluleko ezizokusiza ukuthi uzuze inzuzo ezinzile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, siqhathanise abadayisi abadume kakhulu kanye nezinhlobo zokuhlaziywa kwemakethe yezokuphepha.

Ngakho-ke ukuze ungafuneki imininingwane ewusizo kwezinye izinsiza, sizamile ukuphendula imibuzo evame ukuvela phakathi kwabahwebi bezintsha kanye nabatshalizimali be-novice.

Sincoma futhi ukubuka ividiyo: "Iyini imakethe yamasheya, yiziphi izici nokuthi ungaqala kanjani ukuhweba umhwebi oqalayo":

Ividiyo yokuthi ungayenza kanjani imali ngamasheya nakwezokuphepha emakethe yamasheya:

Nevidiyo emayelana nokutshala imali kumasheya:

Ithimba leMibono ye-Life magazine linethemba lokuthi lokhu okubalulekile bekulusizo futhi lwandiswa ulwazi lwezimakethe zezokuphepha kanye nezisekelo zokuhweba ngokushintshana. Sikufisela inhlanhla kuyo yonke imizamo yakho!

P.S. Uma uneminye imibono noma imibuzo ngesihloko, bese ubabuza kumazwana angezansi.

Bukela ividiyo: Msingi Muhimu Wa Uwekezaji Kwenye Soko La Hisa (May 2024).