ICologne Cathedral - ingcweti yobuciko eyakha njalo iGothic

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Indawo ephawuleka kakhulu nephawuleka kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwedolobha laseCologne eJalimane yiCathhedral yamaRoma Katolika kaSt. Peter kanye neVirgin Holy. Leli igama elisemthethweni lesakhiwo senkolo, esivame kakhulu kumane nje yiCologne Cathedral.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Uphawu lomlando oludumile akusilo olombuso noma iSonto. Umnikazi osemthethweni weCologne Cathedral eJalimane ... yiCologne Cathedral uqobo!

Umlando wethempeli ngamafuphi

Isonto elikhulu kakhulu eCologne lisendaweni lapho, ngisho nangezikhathi zamaRoma, kwakuyisikhungo senkolo samaKristu ahlala lapha. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kwakhiwa izizukulwane eziningana zamathempeli lapho, futhi isizukulwane ngasinye esalandela sadlula esedlule ngesilinganiso. Esigabeni esiphansi sesonto lombhishobhi lesimanje, lapho kumbiwe khona manje, ungabona okusindile kulezi zindawo zakudala zokukhulekela.

Kungani kwakudingeka ithempeli elisha

Kungaphikiswa ukuthi umlando weCologne Cathedral eJalimane waqala ngo-1164. Ngalesi sikhathi nje, uMbhishobhi Omkhulu uReinald von Dassel waletha eCologne izinsalela zeZazi ezintathu eziNgcwele, ezazize ukuzokhonza uJesu osanda kuzalwa.

EbuKristwini, lezi zinsalela zazibhekwa njengendlu eyigugu lapho abahambeli abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba baya khona. Ingcwele ebaluleke kangako yenkolo yayidinga iKhaya elifanele. Umqondo wokwakha isonto elihle kakhulu eJalimane, elidlula amasonto ababhishobhi abadumile emhlabeni waseFrance, ungowombhishobhi omkhulu uKonrad von Hochstaden.

Isonto elisha eCologne lakhiwa ngezigaba ezimbili ezinde kakhulu.

Kuqale kanjani konke

UGerhard von Riehle - kwakunguye lo muntu odwebe imidwebo, ngokusho kwawo kwenziwa umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esikhulu. Itshe lesisekelo elingokomfanekiso leCologne Cathedral labekwa nguKonrad von Hochstaden ngo-1248. Okokuqala, uhlangothi lwasempumalanga lwethempeli lwakhiwa: i-altare, ikhwaya ezungezwe igalari (bangcweliswa ngo-1322).

Ngekhulu le-14 kanye nele-15, umsebenzi wawuqhubeka kancane: ama-naves kuphela engxenyeni eseningizimu yesakhiwo aqedwa futhi amazinga amathathu ombhoshongo oseningizimu amiswa. Ngo-1448, kwafakwa izinsimbi ezimbili embhoshongweni wombhoshongo, isisindo ngasinye sazo kwakungamathani ayi-10.5.

Unyaka lapho ukwakhiwa kwamiswa khona, imithombo ehlukene ikhombisa okwehlukile: 1473, 1520 kanye no-1560. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka isonto lombhishobhi laseCologne lahlala lingaqediwe, futhi i-crane ephakeme (amamitha angama-56) yayimi obhoshongweni oluseningizimu ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! IHermitage inomdwebo womdwebi odumile waseDashi uJan van der Heyden "A Street eCologne". Kubonisa imigwaqo yasedolobheni yekhulu le-18 leminyaka, kanye nesonto lombhishobhi elinombhoshongo ongakaqedwa kanye ne-crane phezu kwalo.

Isigaba sesibili somsebenzi wokwakha

Ngekhulu le-19, iNkosi yasePrussia Friedrich Wilhelm IV yayalela ukuthi kuqedwe isonto lombhishobhi, ngaphandle kwekwaya eyayakhiwe yayivele idinga ukuvuselelwa. Ngaleyo minyaka, ukwakhiwa kwamaGothic kwakuseqophelweni elilandelayo lokuthandwa, ngakho-ke kwanqunywa ukuqeda indawo engcwele, ngokunamathela kwisitayela se-Gothic esasikhethwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kwenziwa lula ukuthi ngo-1814, ngesimangaliso, kwatholakala imidwebo ekade ilahlekile yephrojekthi, eyenziwe nguGerhard von Riehle.

UKarl Friedrich Schinkel no-Ernst Friedrich Zwirner babuyekeze iphrojekthi yakudala kwathi ngo-1842 kwaqala isigaba sesibili somsebenzi wokwakha. Kwaqalwa nguFriedrich Wilhelm IV uqobo, esebeke elinye "itshe lokuqala" esisekelweni.

Ngo-1880, omunye wemiklamo emide kunazo zonke emlandweni waseYurophu waqedwa futhi wagujwa eJalimane njengomcimbi kazwelonke. Uma sibheka ukuthi iCologne Cathedral yakhiwa isikhathi esingakanani, khona-ke kuvela ukuthi yiminyaka engama-632. Kodwa noma ngemuva komkhosi osemthethweni, indawo engcwele yezenkolo ayizange iyeke ukulungiswa nokuqedwa: ingilazi yashintshwa, ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwaqala, kwabekwa phansi. Futhi ngo-1906, omunye wemibhoshongo engaphezulu kwesakhiwo esiphakathi wawa, futhi udonga olwalulimele kwakudingeka lulungiswe.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Ngo-1880, i-Cologne Cathedral (ukuphakama 157 m) kwaba isakhiwo ende kunazo zonke, hhayi kuphela eJalimane, kodwa futhi emhlabeni. Wahlala ephethe irekhodi kwaze kwaba ngu-1884, lapho kuvela iSikhumbuzo saseWashington (169 m) eMelika. Ngo-1887, i-Eiffel Tower (300 m) yakhiwa eFrance, kwathi ngo-1981 kwavela umbhoshongo we-TV (266 m) eCologne, kanti i-cathedral yaba yisakhiwo sesine esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Iminyaka yeMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba kanye nenkathi yangemva kwempi

EMpini Yezwe II, iCologne, njengamanye amadolobha amaningi aseJalimane, yabhujiswa kabi kakhulu ngamabhomu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi iCologne Cathedral yasinda ngokuyisimangaliso futhi yavuka phakathi kwamanxiwa aqhubekayo, sengathi yavela komunye umhlaba.

Njengoba osomaqhinga bezempi besho, imibhoshongo emide yesakhiwo isebenze njengezimpawu zabashayeli bezindiza, ngakho-ke abayibhombanga ngebhomu. Kodwa-ke, amabhomu asemoyeni ahlasela isonto lombhishobhi amahlandla ayi-14, yize engatholanga monakalo omkhulu. Nokho, kwakudingeka umsebenzi omusha wokubuyisela.

Kuze kube ngo-1948, ikhwaya e-Cologne Cathedral yabuyiselwa, ngemuva kwalokho izinkonzo zaqala ukubanjelwa lapho. Ukubuyiselwa kwezinye izinto zangaphakathi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1956. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwakhiwa isitebhisi esivunguza esiholela esizeni komunye wemibhoshongo, ephakeme ngamamitha angama-98.

Isikhathi kuze kube namuhla

Ngenxa yokungcola okukhulu kwemvelo nesimo sezulu esibi, umonakalo omkhulu ethempelini elikhulu eCologne wenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, okungaholela ekubhujisweni kwawo. Ihhovisi lokubuyiselwa okwesikhashana lisekhona eduze kwesakhiwo, lihlala lihlanganyela emsebenzini wokulungisa. Ngokuvamile, ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu eCologne (eJalimane) akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuphothulwe nhlobo.

Kuyathakazelisa! Kukhona inganekwane endala kakhulu ethi umklamo weCologne Cathedral wenziwa nguSathane uqobo. Esikhundleni salokhu, uGerhard von Riehle kwadingeka anikele ngomphefumulo wakhe, kodwa wakwazi ukukhohlisa uSathane. Lapho-ke uSathane owayethukuthele wathi lapho ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu kuqedwa, idolobha laseCologne lizophela ukuba khona. Mhlawumbe yingakho kungekho muntu ojahe ukumisa ukwakhiwa?

Kusukela ngo-1996, iCologne Cathedral ibisohlwini lwe-UNESCO Heritage Heritage.

Manje leli thempeli lingenye yezimpawu eziphawuleka kakhulu zokwakha eJalimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba iSonto lalihlela emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka edlule, liqukethe izinsalela ezibaluleke kakhulu kumaKristu.

Izici zokwakha

ICathedral of Saints Peter noMary eCologne yisibonelo esiveza isitayela seGothic esedlule eJalimane. Ngokuqondile, lesi isitayela seNorth French Gothic, ne-Amiens Cathedral sasebenza njengesibonelo. ICologne Cathedral ibhekene nenani elikhulu lokuhlobisa okuhle okwakhiwe, inqwaba yamaphethini entambo amatshe amangalisayo.

Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu sinesimo sesiphambano sesiLatin, esingamamitha ayi-144.5 ubude namamitha angama-86. Kanye nemibhoshongo emibili emikhulu, ithatha indawo engama-7,000 m², futhi lokhu kuyirekhodi lomhlaba lesakhiwo senkolo. Ukuphakama kombhoshongo oseningizimu ngu-157.3 m, owasenyakatho ungaphansi kwamamitha ambalwa.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Ngisho nalapho lonke idolobha laseCologne lithule ngokuphelele, kuvunguza imimoya eduze kwethempeli elikhulu. Imisinga yomoya, ehlangabezana nesithiyo esingalindelekile njengemibhoshongo emide ethafeni laseRhine flat, igijimela phansi kakhulu.

Umuzwa wesilinganiso sesikhala ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo naso sakhiwa ngenxa yomehluko ezindaweni eziphakeme: inkaba emaphakathi iphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kunama-naves asemaceleni. Izindwangu eziphakeme zisekelwa ngamakholamu amancane aphakama ngamamitha angama-44. Imengamo yenziwe yaqondiswa, esebenza njengophawu lokulangazelela okuphakade kwabantu abaya phezulu, kuNkulunkulu.

Amasonto amaningi-amasonto atholakala emaphethelweni ehholo elikhulu lasethempelini. Omunye wabo waba yindawo yokungcwaba umsunguli waleli sonto elikhulu kakhulu eJalimane - uMbhishobhi Konrad von Hochstaden.

ICologne Cathedral ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ingilazi" ngenxa yokuthi indawo engaphezulu yamawindi ayo (10,000 m²) inkulu kunendawo yesakhiwo uqobo. Futhi lawa akuwona amawindi nje kuphela - lawa angamawindi anengilazi ayingqayizivele adalwe ngezinkathi ezahlukene futhi ehlukile ngesitayela. Amafasitela anezingilazi zasendulo anamabala amakhulu ka-1304-1321 “ngamawindi eBhayibheli” esihlokweni esifanayo, ngo-1848 5 kwafakwa “amawindi anengilazi yaseBavaria” ngesitayela seNew Gothic, kwathi ngo-2007 - iwindi elikhulu likasomabhizinisi osemusha uGerhard Richter kwabangu-11 500 elalisohlelweni olufanayo ubukhulu bezingcezu zengilazi ezinemibala.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Amagugu eCologne Cathedral

Ethempelini laseCologne kunemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile yobuciko bangeNkathi Ephakathi, ngokwesibonelo, amafresco ezindongeni, amabhentshi aqoshiwe eGothic ekhwayeni. Indawo evelele ihlala i-altare elikhulu, elingamamitha angu-4.6 ubude, elenziwe ngethala eliqinile lemabula elimnyama. Ezingxenyeni zalo ezingaphambili neziseceleni, kwenziwa ama-niches emabula emhlophe, ahlotshiswe ngesithombe sokuqhafaza esihlokweni sokugcotshwa kweNtombi.

Noma kunjalo, ukuheha okubaluleke kakhulu kweCologne Cathedral yindawo engcwele enezinsalela zezazi ezintathu eziNgcwele, ezifakwe eceleni kwealtare elikhulu. Ingcweti enekhono uNikolaus Verdunsky wadala ikesi lezinkuni elilinganisa u-2.2x1.1x1.53 m, wase elimboza kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngamapuleti egolide. Zonke izinhlangothi ze-sarcophagus zibhalwe ngendikimba yempilo kaJesu Kristu. Inkosi yasebenzisa amaparele ayi-1000, amatshe kanye namagugu ukuhlobisa ama-crayfish, ayebhekwa njengabaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Uhlangothi olungaphambili lwethempeli lwenziwa lususwe, lususwa minyaka yonke ngoJanuwari 6, ukuze wonke amakholwa akwazi ukukhothamela izinsalela zeZazi Ezingcwele ezintathu - lezi yizingebhezi ezi-3 ezinemiqhele yegolide.

Enye into eyigugu ukubaza kokhuni kweMilan Madonna. Lesi sithombe esingajwayelekile seNtombi enguMariya omomothekayo, hhayi elusizi, senziwa ngonyaka we-1290 futhi saziwa njengobuciko obuhle kakhulu bobuciko benkathi evuthiwe yamaGoth.

I-artifact elandelayo eyingqayizivele yiGero Cross, eyadalwa ngo-965-976 ka-Archbishop Gero. Ukucaca kwesiphambano se-oki samamitha amabili nesiphambano kuseqiniso elingakholeki lesithombe. UJesu Kristu uboniswa ngesikhathi sokufa. Ikhanda lakhe ligobele phambili ngamehlo avaliwe, amathambo, imisipha kanye nemisipha kubonakala ngokusobala emzimbeni.

UMgcinimafa

Izinto zobuciko ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezingenakunikezwa inani lemali, zibekwa endaweni yokugcina imali. Umgcinimafa wavulwa ngonyaka we-2000 egunjini elingaphansi kweCologne Cathedral futhi njengamanje waziwa njengobukhulu kunabo bonke hhayi eJalimane kuphela, kepha naseYurophu.

Umgcinimafa uhlala egumbini elikhulu kakhulu, eliqukethe izitezi eziningana. Isitezi ngasinye singumbukiso ohlukile onemibukiso ehlukene ebekwe emashalofini akhanyiswe ngokukhethekile.

Phakathi kwezinto zobungcweti ezibaluleke kakhulu egumbini lokuqala kukhona induku nenkemba yababhishobhi abakhulu baseCologne, isiphambano samaGothic semikhosi, ifreyimu yensali yokuqala yezinsalela zeZazi eziNgcwele, nemibhalo yesandla eminingi. Ezingeni eliphansi kune-lapidarium neqoqo elicebile lezingubo zesonto le-brocade. Ukuvuleka ngaphansi kwamakhothamo kufakwe amashalofu anezinto ezitholakala emathuneni aseFranconia ngesikhathi kumbiwa ngaphansi kwezisekelo zebhilidi. Egumbini elifanayo kunezithombe zokuqala ezazimi ethempelini likaSt.Peter phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Njalo ngonyaka kusetshenziswa i-10,000,000 € kulondolozwa iCologne Cathedral.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

Imininingwane ewusizo

Ikheli lapho kutholakala khona iCologne Cathedral: Germany, Cologne, Domkloster 4, 50667.

Isondele kakhulu esiteshini sesitimela sedolobha iDom / Hauptbahnhof, khona kanye esigcawini esiphambi kwaso.

Amahora okusebenza

ICologne Cathedral ivulwa nsuku zonke ngalezi zikhathi:

ngoMeyi - Okthoba kusuka ku-6: 00 kuya ku-21: 00;
ngoNovemba - Ephreli kusuka ngo-6: 00 kuya ku-19: 30.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngeSonto nangamaholide, izivakashi zivunyelwe ukungena ethempelini kuphela kusukela ngo-13: 00 kuya ku-16: 30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi semicimbi ebalulekile yenkolo, umnyango wabavakashi ungavalwa isikhathi esithile. Imininingwane efanele ingatholakala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni https://www.koelner-dom.de/home/.

Umgcinimafa wesonto lesonto elikhulu uthola izivakashi nsuku zonke kusuka ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-18: 00.

Ukuvakashela umbhoshongo oseningizimu onendawo yokubuka kungenzeka ngalezi zikhathi ezilandelayo:

Januwari, Febhuwari, Novemba noDisemba - kusuka ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-16: 00;
Mashi, Ephreli nango-Okthoba - kusuka ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-17: 00;
kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba - kusuka ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-18: 00.

Izindleko zokuvakasha

Isango lesonto elikhulu kakhulu eJalimane limahhala ngokuphelele. Kepha ukuvakashela umgcinimafa nokukhuphuka umbhoshongo, kufanele ukhokhe.

umbhoshongo	umgcinimafa	ingcebo + yomhoshongo
kwabadala	5 €	6 €	8 €
izingane zesikole, abafundi kanye nabakhubazekile	2 €	4 €	4 €
yemindeni (abantu abadala abaphezulu kwababili abanezingane)	8 €	12 €	16 €

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ungangena ethempelini elikhulu bese uzihlola ngokwakho. Kepha uma ufisa, ungathatha olunye lohambo oluningi oluqhutshwa kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuMgqibelo ngesiNgisi. Imininingwane enemininingwane ngemizila ehlongozwayo nezindleko zayo ikuwebhusayithi esemthethweni.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Njalo ngonyaka i-cathedral edumile yaseJalimane ivakashelwa cishe yizi-3,000,000 zezivakashi - ngesikhathi sonyaka ophakeme kungabantu abangaba ngu-40,000 ngosuku!

Amanani ekhasini elikaJulayi 2019.

Ekuphetheni - amathiphu awusizo

Ngaphandle, kwesokudla somnyango omkhulu weCologne Cathedral, kukhona umnyango wombhoshongo oseningizimu onendawo yokuqapha. Kubhekwa njengokufanele ukubonwa, kepha ngaphambi kokuvuka, udinga ukubala amandla akho ngokuqonda. Kuzofanele ukhuphuke bese wehla ngezitebhisi ezijikayo nezincane kakhulu ezivulekile - ububanzi bokuthi ukugeleza okuzayo kwabavakashi akunakusabalalisa. Okokuqala, kuzoba nesikhulumi esinensimbi, lapho ungahamba khona uzungeze umbhoshongo, bese uphinde ukhuphuke futhi - izinyathelo ezingama-509 kuphela ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-155 Kodwa imizamo esetshenzisiwe izokhokha ngokugcwele: umbono omuhle wedolobha kanye neRhine uvula endaweni yesikhulumi. Yize, izivakashi eziningi ziphikisana ngokuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, futhi sonke isikhathi iCologne sibukeka sinamatshe kakhulu futhi sifiphele kakhulu ukuphakama. Kepha uma ukhuphuka ngempela ngenkathi ebandayo, ekuqaleni kokukhuphuka kudingeka ukhumule izingubo zakho zangaphandle ezifudumele ukuze uzigqoke esitezi esivele siphezulu - njengomthetho, kukhona umoya onamandla kakhulu lapho.
Imibhoshongo yesonto elikhulu lesikhumbuzo laseCologne ingabonakala ngokusobala kunoma iyiphi indawo edolobheni, kepha imibono emangalisa kakhulu ivela kolunye uhlangothi lweRhine. Lapho ufika edolobheni ngesitimela, ungehla esiteshini sesitimela esiseduze kwethempeli elikhulu, kodwa esiteshini esingaphesheya komfula bese uhamba kancane uye esakhiweni ngezinyawo unqamula ibhuloho.
Uma unesikhathi, udinga ukuvakashela ithempeli lesithonjana laseJalimane emini nasebusuku. Emini, amafasitela awo anengilazi enombala ayamangalisa ngobuhle bawo, ikakhulukazi lapho imisebe yelanga iwela kubo. Kusihlwa, ngenxa yokukhanya okuluhlaza okukhanyisa etsheni elimnyama, isonto lombhishobhi libukeka lihlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile!

Wonke umuntu uvunyelwe ukungena ethempelini, futhi uvunyelwe nokuthi athathe izithombe. Kepha ukungena kungenzeka kuphela ngaphandle kwezikhwama ezinkulu nasezingutsheni ezifanele! ICologne Cathedral akuyona imnyuziyamu, izinsizakalo zibanjelwa lapho, futhi udinga ukuphatha lokhu ngenhlonipho.
Izithombe azivunyelwe nakancane kumgcinimafa wesonto elikhulu. Kunamakhamera afakiwe nxazonke, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuthatha isithombe ngokuqonda. Abaphula umthetho bacelwa ukuthi banikeze ikhamera bese ikhadi lithathwa.
Amakhonsathi omzimba wamahhala abanjelwa ethempelini ngoLwesibili kusuka ngo-20: 00 kuya ku-21: 00. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwabo okukhulu, udinga ukufika kusenesikhathi ukuze ube nesikhathi sokuhlala kahle.