Ziyini izifo zamaqabunga e-gloxinia futhi ziphathwa kanjani?

I-Gloxinia isitshalo esithandwayo sendlu. Ngokuya ngokukhula, ayikhethi, kepha inezici zayo zokunakekelwa.

Uma bephulwa, lokhu kugcwele ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezivame ukuthinta ipuleti leqabunga. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Udinga ukwazi kabanzi ngewadi yakho.

Okulandelayo, sizokhuluma ngezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zezimbali, izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Futhi, funda ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwesitshalo.

Siyini lesi sitshalo?

Yisitshalo esingajwayelekile esidabuka eBrazil nasePeru. Lesi sitshalo sihlala isikhathi eside, singokomndeni wakwaGesneriev. Ihluka ngamahlamvu e-velvety nezimbali ezimise okwefaneli. Bangathatha imibala ehlukahlukene. Izimbali zifana nezinsimbi. Imibala yehluke kakhulu:

1. Okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
2. Mhlophe.
3. Okuphinki.
4. okubomvu.
5. UBrown.
6. Okuphephuli.

Encwadini. I-Gloxinia bloom ihlala ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Imbewu ivuthwa ebhokisini elincane. Ngokwabo mancane futhi anomumo omude.

Isakhiwo nezici

Amaqabunga esitshalo afana nenhliziyo ende ngokuma. Usayizi wazo mncane, ngakho-ke, indawo yokuhwamuka komswakama inkulu. Ubuso bunobunono, kunemigqa ebonakalayo ecacile. Umbala wepuleti leqabunga unombala oluhlaza okotshani, wona ngokwawo abanzi, kepha akhombe kuchopho. Kanye nemibala egqamile, kutholakala i-tandem yangempela nehehayo.

Izifo ezivamile: incazelo nesithombe

Okulandelayo, ungabona isithombe sezifo zamaqabunga e-gloxinia:

Kuvela amabala ansundu

I-Anthracnose

Lesi yisifo sefungal, esingaqashelwa ngokuba khona kwendawo ensundu emaqabunga e-gloxinia. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala ukuhlasela amahlumela kanye nesiqu sesitshalo, okuholela ekuboleni nasekubhujisweni kwabo. Uma ungaqali ukwelapha i-anthracnose, khona-ke izokonakalisa yonke imbali. Lesi sifo sivela ikakhulu ezitshalweni ezinokulimala kwemishini noma ukungabi bikho kokuncibilika.

Qaphela! Ukuthuthukiswa kwefungus kwenziwa lula umswakama womoya kanye nezinga eliphezulu le-pH emhlabathini, kanye nokushoda kwe-potassium ne-phosphorus.

Ukuze kuvinjelwe i-anthracnose, udinga ukufafaza ngamalungiselelo anjalo:

• Oxyhom;
• I-Cuproxat;
• I-chloroxy yethusi.

Isikhunta sidluliselwa ngosizo lokusungula, imvula nezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke akunconywa ukubeka le mbali ngaphandle lapho lina. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa okokusebenza, yibulale amagciwane ngokushesha ukuze ubhubhise i-microflora ye-pathogenic futhi uvikele ukutheleleka. Uma ukutheleleka kunamandla, khona-ke imbali ingaphansi kokubhujiswa okuphelele. Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta kwezinye izitshalo, kuzodingeka ziphathwe ngama-fungicides izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngekhefu lamaviki ayi-1.5.

I-Ascochitosis

Lesi yisifo sefungal, esingaqashelwa ngokuba khona kwamabala ansundu noma abomvu anomngcele onsundu. Zonke zigxila emaqabungeni ezitshalo. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo umswakama ophezulu ekamelweni.

1. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, susa ngokushesha wonke amaqabunga athintekile ngasikhathi sinye.
2. Phatha imbali ngomxube we-Bordeaux, i-copper sulfate noma ama-fungicides anjalo: i-Vectra, i-Abigapik
3. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7, phinda ukwelashwa.

Kungani zibuna futhi zigobe?

Lezi zimpawu zikhomba isifo esifana ne-fusarium. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani sikhula umswakama womoya ophakeme nokuntuleka kwamanzi, izakhamzimba ezisenhlabathini, ngenxa yalokho, i-gloxinia ishiya ukugoqana. I-Fusarium yisifo sokukhunta esingena esitshalweni nge-substrate enegciwane. Amaqabunga aqala ukubuna, agobe futhi abe nsundu.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma amaqabunga egobile?

1. Ukonga isitshalo, sisuse embizeni.
2. Sula ngokucophelela umhlabathi.
3. Phatha ngamafungicides afana neTopaz neFoodnazol.
4. Faka imbali emhlabathini omusha.

Phenduka ophuzi

I-Chlorosis

Lesi sifo sivela lapho inhlabathi ine-asidi ephansi, okuwumphumela wokunisela imbali ngamanzi anzima. Kulula ukubona lesi sifo, ngoba amabala aphuzi avela ezimo ezahlukahlukene.

Isincomo. Ukonga isitshalo, kufanele sitshalwe kabusha futhi siniselwe kuphela ngamanzi athambile ekamelweni lokushisa. I-substrate ene-asidi futhi elula isetshenziselwa ukufakelwa kabusha, okungavumela umoya ukuthi udlulele ohlelweni lwempande.

Ukugqwala amakhowe

Uma amabhamuza anemibala ehlukene akheke ngaphakathi kwepuleti leqabunga, futhi izindawo eziphuzi zisendaweni engaphandle, lapho-ke lezi kuyizimpawu ezisobala zesikhunta sokugqwala. Isizathu sentuthuko ukunakekelwa okungalungile, noma kunalokho okuqukethwe endaweni emanzi, yegumbi elinamanzi nelibandayo. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, susa zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ezonakele bese unakekela isitshalo ngokugcwele. Ukuvimbela, fafaza nge-colloidal sulfur.

Phenduka umnyama

Kungani amaqabunga eba mnyama? Lapho isiqu namaqabunga e-gloxinia eqala ukushintsha amnyama, lezi yizimpawu zokubola okumpunga. Ukwanda komswakama womhlabathi kungathinta intuthuko. Ukuze ulwe nalesi sifo, sebenzisa izincomo ezilandelayo:

1. Susa isihlahla bese usihlola. Uma kunezingxenye ezilimele ze-tuber nezinto zasemoyeni, bese uzisusa.
2. Phatha izingxenye ezisele ezinempilo ngeTopaz noma iFundazol.
3. Faka isitshalo eselapheki emhlabathini omusha onempilo.

Amabala ansundu

I-Septoriasis

Lesi ngesinye isifo sesikhunta esisakazwa ngamaconsi emvula nemisinga yomoya. Lezi zimo ezilandelayo zingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwe-septoria:

• Ukuthola imbali egumbini lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingama-20-25 degrees, futhi umswakama ungama-98%.
• Ukusilisa amaqabunga esitshalo, isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-48.
• Ukukhanya kwesitshalo okubi.

Izimpawu ezinkulu ze-septoria omile, amabala ansundu ngokumpunga emaqabunga afana nokugqwala. Ngemuva kwalokho ziyawa, neziqu ziyoma.

Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngethusi nesikhunta:

1. UBenomil.
2. Mankozeb.
3. I-Chlorthalonil.
4. UManeb.

Phatha izikhathi ezimbili ngekhefu lezinsuku eziyi-7-10.

Ukulimala okwedlule

Lesi sifo singesinye sezingozi kakhulu. Ingasabalala ngomhlabathi, imishini yokutshala, namanzi emvula.

Okubalulekile! Enhlabathini, i-ejenti ebangela lesi sifo ingahlala iminyaka eyi-8.

Ukutheleleka kwezitshalo kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu eziyinhloko. Izici ezilandelayo zithonya:

• inhlabathi eminyene kakhulu;
• amanzi amile ebhodweni;
• ukuhlelwa okuminyene kwezitshalo;
• ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ongavundisiwe;
• ukuchelela ngamanzi emvula nokufafaza kaningi;
• umswakama womoya ngaphezu kwama-80%;
• ukuthola imbali egumbini elinamazinga okushisa omoya angama-17-22 degrees ngaphezu kweqanda.

Izimpawu ezilandelayo zizosiza ukuqaphela izifo:

1. ukwakheka kwamabala ansundu emaqabunga;
2. ukuqhuma okukhuntile kombala omhlophe okuthinta ingaphakathi leqabunga;
3. ukwakheka kwemivimbo yombala onsundu omnyama emaqabunga naseziqu;
4. ukubuna kwesitshalo njalo;
5. ukwakheka kwezimbobo zonyaka esiqwini sembali.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo esibuhlungu sekwedlule isikhathi kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ende. Iqiniso ngukuthi umenzeli walo oyimbangela akasabeli kulungiselelo lwamakhemikhali. Ukuvimbela kuhlala kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokulawula. Iqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo wokufafaza:

• Kuprozan.
• I-Polycarbocide.
• Tsineb.
• I-Polimarcin.
• UCaptan.

Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezingathinta ukukhula kwesifo. Isikhawu phakathi kokufafaza izinsuku ezi-7.

Yomile

Uma amaqabunga aphansi embali esomile, khona-ke lokhu kungathinteka ngezizathu ezinjengomswakama womoya onganele noma ukugcwala. Ukuqeda inkinga, lapha nge-Fungicide noma i-Fitosporin.

Qaphela! Uma amaqabunga eqala ukoma ekwindla, lapho imbali ilungiselela ukuphumula, ngakho-ke lokhu kuyinsakavukela.

Ungafunda kabanzi ngezifo ezahlukahlukene nezinambuzane ze-gloxinia, kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nazo, kusuka kulesi sihloko.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Ukuvimbela isifo seqabunga ekuthikazini imbali, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuvimbela ngesikhathi:

1. Ukunisela kuzokwenziwa ngesikhathi lapho isitshalo sidinga khona. Lapho-ke ngeke kube khona ukomisa ngokweqile namabhayi.
2. Ungayibeki imbali lapho ivezwe khona yilanga.
3. Ngaphambi kokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-gloxinia emhlabathini, kufanele zicutshungulwe.
4. Bheka umswakama ekamelweni.

Izimfuneko zokukhula okunempilo

Ukuze kukhule kahle kanye nokukhula okunempilo kwesitshalo, kufanele kugcinwe le mibandela elandelayo:

• Ukukhanyisa okuhle. Kufanele ikhanye futhi isakaze ngasikhathi sinye. Beka imbali emafasiteleni ebheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga. Amahora emini kufanele adonse amahora ayi-12-14.
• Inhlabathi elula futhi enomsoco, ukukhulelwa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa inhlabathi esekwe nge-peat. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kusetshenziswe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga. Sebenzisa i-Potassium Monophosphate, uFertika Lux.
• Ukuhanjiswa ngesikhathi esifanele. Phakathi kokunisela, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba kufanele lome kancane. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngethreyi noma emaphethelweni ebhodwe. Sebenzisa kuphela amanzi afudumele futhi ahlalisiwe. Ngemuva kokumanziswa, amanzi amaningi kufanele adonse izimbobo embizeni. Funda mayelana nokuthi unganisela kanjani futhi wondle kahle i-gloxinia ekhaya.
• Umbuso wezinga lokushisa kufanele ube ngama-18-25 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, ukukhula kuyokuma, futhi uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, izimbali azivuli kahle, isitshalo silahlekelwa yi-turgor yamaqabunga.
• Iziqukathi ezinezimbali akufanele zitholakale eduze komunye nomunye. Qinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo azithintani ngamaqabunga. Uma singekho isikhala esanele, imbali ingelula. Funda ngohlobo lwembiza ye-gloxinia oyidingayo lapha.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokunakekela i-gloxinia lapha, futhi lapha sikhulume ngezici zokutshala imbali.

Kubalulekile ukuthola zonke izifo ezingenhla ze-gloxinia ngesikhathi esifanele bese uqala ukulwa. Uma uphuthelwa ngalesi sikhathi, awungabhubhisi nje kuphela le mbali, kodwa futhi nalabo abangomakhelwane. Futhi kungcono ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwesitshalo, kanye ne-prophylaxis efike ngesikhathi.

Bukela ividiyo: PEDIDO DE NAMORO (Septhemba 2024).