Isigodlo iTopkapi - umnyuziyamu ovakashelwe kakhulu e-Istanbul

Isigodlo iTopkapi yisikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele sokwakhiwa kwe-Istanbul, esineminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu sikhona. Isakhiwo somlando siseKapa elihle uSarayburnu (elihunyushwe lisuselwa kwelaseTurkey ngokuthi "isigodlo sekapa"), endaweni lapho umugqa odumile waseBosphorus ujoyina khona uLwandle lwaseMarmara. Lapho sekuyindawo yokuhlala eyinhloko yababusi base-Ottoman, namuhla seyiguqulwe yaba imnyuziyamu, engenye yezindawo ezikhangayo ezivakashelwa kakhulu edolobheni.

Isigodlo iTopkapi e-Istanbul sihlanganisa indawo engamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-700 ayizinkulungwane. amamitha, okwenza kube ngomunye weminyuziyamu enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Le nxanxathela ihlanganisa amagceke amane, ngalinye linezinto zalo ezihehayo ezihlukile. Ngenxa yalokhu kukala kwesakhiwo, isigodlo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi idolobha elihlukile e-Istanbul.

Emahholo enqaba, okungenani kunemibukiso eyizinkulungwane ezingama-65 ekhonjisiwe, okuyingxenye yeshumi kuphela yeqoqo eliphelele lesigodlo. Futhi umhlobiso walesi sigcinamagugu uqobo ugcwele izinto zobuciko zobuciko, imidwebo, imabula nezinto zegolide. Uma ungakakwazi ukunquma ukuvakashela le ndawo, khona-ke sethula kuwe indatshana yethu eningiliziwe mayelana neTopkapi Palace e-Istanbul enezithombe nezincazelo, ezizokuqeda ngokuphelele konke ukungabaza kwakho.

Indaba emfushane

Ukwakhiwa kwesigodlo seTopkapi Sultan kwaqala ngo-1463 ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMehmed the Conqueror, odumile wase-Ottoman padishah, owakwazi ukunqoba iConstantinople eyayingenakunqotshwa. Indawo yokuhlala okuhloniphekile esizayo kwakuyiCape Sarayburnu, lapho kwakukhona khona isigodlo sombuso waseByzantium, kepha ngekhulu le-15 lase libhujisiwe, futhi kwasala kulo iSonto laseSt.

Ekuqaleni, isigodlo sasetshenziswa ngabakwaSultan ukubamba imihlangano esemthethweni nokwamukela izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Abesifazane nezingane babengahlali endaweni yokuhlala ngaleso sikhathi. Kepha vele ngekhulu le-16 ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaSuleiman I the Magnificent, inqaba yaba nezinguquko ezinkulu. Ngokwesicelo sikankosikazi wakhe uRoksolana (Hürrem), owayefuna ukuhlala eduze nomyeni wakhe ngangokunokwenzeka, ipadishah yakhipha umyalo wokuba kudluliswe izindlukazi ziye esigodlweni iTopkapi.

Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-19, lesi sakhiwo sasebenza njengesihlalo esisemthethweni sabaphathi base-Ottoman. Konke kwashintsha ngo-1842, lapho uSultan Abdul Merjid I, edumele ngabangaphakathi benkathi yaseTopkapi, eyalela ukwakhiwa kwesigodlo esisha sama-baroque esasingancintisana nezigodlo zaseYurophu ezidumile. Indawo yokuhlala entsha yabizwa ngeDolmabahce, ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqedwa ngo-1853, futhi kwaba yilapho iTopkapi ilahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo kwangaphambili.

Ngemuva kokuwa koMbuso wase-Ottoman, uMongameli weRiphabhulikhi yaseTurkey u-Ataturk wabela iTopkapi isikhundla semnyuziyamu (1924). Futhi namhlanje lesi sakhiwo esingokomlando sivakashelwa izivakashi ezingaba yizigidi ezi-2 minyaka yonke, okwenza kube yindawo ethandwa kakhulu e-Istanbul kanye nomnyuziyamu wesibili ovakashelwa kakhulu eTurkey (indawo yokuqala eMevlana Museum eKonya).

Isakhiwo sesigodlo

Kusukela esithombeni seTopkapi Palace e-Istanbul, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi sikhulu kangakanani lesi sakhiwo: ngemuva kwakho konke, le nqaba inamagceke amane amakhulu, ngalinye linezinto zalo eziyingqophamlando.

Iyadi No. 1

Lesi yisigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke kulezi ezine, esibizwa ngeNkantolo yaseJanissary. Enye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu kule ngxenye yenqaba iSango Lombuso, lapho abaphathi abakhulu baseTurkey bake bangena khona endaweni yokuhlala. Futhi bekuvela lapha lapho ama-padishahs ase-Ottoman aya emithandazweni yangoLwesihlanu e-Ayia Sophia (funda kabanzi nge-cathedral lapha.). Namuhla, noma yimuphi umhambi unethuba lokudlula esangweni elake laba lihle. Iminyango yabo yakhiwe ngokuphelele ngemabula, kanti i-façade ihlotshiswe ngemibhalo yegolide yase-Arabhu.

Lapha ama-sultan ahlela imikhosi ehlukahlukene, kanye nemikhosi yokubamba imithandazo yangoLwesihlanu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le ngxenye yesigodlo kuphela evulekele ezinye izivakashi: amanxusa angaphandle nezikhulu eziphezulu balindele izethameli lapha. Futhi izivakashi ezibaluleke kakhulu zazivunyelwe ngisho nokugibela ngaphakathi ngehhashi.

Enye into ephawulekayo yiSonto likaSt. Irene 532, elibhekwa njengenye yamasonto okuqala obuKristu asekhona kuze kube namuhla. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-Ottomans ethumbe iConstantinople, awazange ayicekele phansi indawo engcwele, kepha ayiphendula indawo yokugcina izikhali. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo, isonto likwazile ukuvakashela imnyuziyamu yemivubukulo, yasebukhosini neyamasosha, kodwa ekugcineni yonke imibukiso yasuswa kuyo, futhi ososayensi baba nethuba lokufunda ngokugcwele isonto laseByzantine futhi baveza ukubaluleka kwalo komlando. Namuhla ithempeli lisebenza njengendawo yekhonsathi.

Igceke No. 2

Igceke lesibili libingelela izivakashi zesigodlo ngeSango Lokwemukelwa, elakhiwe ngesitayela se-Ottoman yakudala, elihlotshiswe nge-arched vault nemibhoshongo emibili enezitayela zaseYurophu. Ngaphezulu kwe-arch kunamapaneli amnyama anemibhalo eqoshiwe ngesi-Arabhu. ISango Lokwemukelwa liholela engxenyeni emaphakathi yale nxanxathela futhi namuhla lisebenza njengomnyango omkhulu wesigodlo sabavakashi.

Uma sesingaphakathi, isihambi sizobona ngokushesha isakhiwo soMkhandlu esine-Tower of Justice ngaphezulu kwaso. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaSuleiman I, ikamelo laguqulwa lasuswa esakhiweni sokhuni esilula saba isakhiwo esihlotshiswe ngezinsika, imengamo, ama-lattices aqoshiwe nezinsika ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ama-viziers abambe iqhaza emhlanganweni weDivan, kepha i-Ottoman padishah uqobo yayingekho ehholo. USultan walandela iseluleko esivela eMbhoshongweni Wezobulungiswa, futhi uma engavumelani nesinqumo sezikhulu, wavala iwindi, ngaleyo ndlela waphazamisa umhlangano futhi wabiza bonke ongqongqoshe.

Futhi lapha kufanele unake isakhiwo esilawulwa yisishiyagalombili soMgcinimafa Wangaphandle, esasebenza kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Namuhla isebenza njengegalari ekhombisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ngxenye yeTopkapi kunezakhiwo zezisebenzi zasenkantolo, izitebele zikasultan, ihamam nesonto lamaSulumane.

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe emakhishini aseSigodlweni asayizi omangalisayo, afaka izigaba eziyi-10, lapho izitsha zazilungiselelwa hhayi kuphela i-sultan kanye nezakhamizi ze-harem, kodwa nezikhulu ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Namuhla, ngaphakathi kwezindonga zekhishi langaphambili, izivakashi zingabona izinto zasendlini nezinto zasendlini zabapheki besigodlo kanye nezitsha lapho ukudla bekuphakelwa khona ama-sultans kanye nezinye izikhulu.

Engxenyeni efanayo yenqaba kukhona umnyango wabafazi abadumile baseSultan, manje osekuyimnyuziyamu ehlukile. Lapho laba bafazi sebenezigaba ezine: owokuqala wanikwa abathenwa, owesibili wanikwa izancinza, owesithathu wanikwa unina wepadisha, kanti owesine waphathwa ngumbusi waseTurkey uqobo. Sekukonke kunamakamelo afinyelela ku-300 lapha, kunamabhavu ambalwa, ama-mosque ama-2 nesibhedlela sabesifazane. Amakamelo amaningi mancane futhi alula ngaphakathi, okungeke kushiwo ngamakamelo adumile aseHurrem eTopkapi Palace e-Istanbul, isithombe sawo esiheha amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabavakashi lapho ubuka khona.

Inkundla yaseYadini. 3

ISango Lenjabulo, noma, njengoba livame ukubizwa kanjalo, iSango Lenjabulo, elakhiwe ngesitayela se-Ottoman Baroque futhi lihlotshiswe ngodome lwamapulangwe namakholomu amane emabula, kuholela esigabeni sesithathu senqaba. Iphaseji ivula iminyango egcekeni elingaphakathi impela lenkimbinkimbi, lapho kutholakala khona amakamelo wangaphambili we-padishah. NguSultan kuphela owayengadlula kula masango, futhi uma othile ezama ukungena ngaphakathi ngaphandle kwemvume, isenzo esinjalo sasithathwa njengokuvukela umbuso. Amasango ayegadwe ngokuqinile ngumthenwa omkhulu kanye nabangaphansi kwakhe.

Ngemuva kwamasango eNjabulo kuneGumbi Lobukhosi, lapho uSultan aqhuba khona izindaba zakhe zombuso futhi wathola amanxusa angaphandle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sineminyango emibili ngasikhathi sinye: owodwa wawenzelwe kuphela i-padishah, owesibili wawenzelwe zonke ezinye izivakashi. Umhlobiso wesakhiwo ufaka amaphethini wezimbali ahlukahlukene, ama-gem trim, amakholomu emabula kanye nama-lattices aqoshiwe.

Maphakathi nendawo yegceke lesithathu kukhona Umtapo Wezincwadi, owawenzelwe abafundi besikole esigodlweni. Lesi sakhiwo esihle, sizungezwe yimithombo nezingadi ezincane eziluhlaza, sifulelwe ngophahla oluyindilinga, sivule imibhoshongo enezinsika zemabula. Futhi ingaphakathi layo liphethwe yizinto zobumba. Namuhla, umtapo wolwazi ukhombisa izincwadi ezivela emaqoqweni omuntu osultans abadumile.

Futhi kusukela ezinhlakeni zesigaba sesithathu, kufanele kukhulunywe ngokwehlukile uMgcinimafa, obhekwe njengesinye sezakhiwo ezindala kakhulu eTopkapi, iTreasure Chamber, esake sabhekelela ukuphepha kwazo zonke izinto zobucwebe beSultan, kanye neSecret Pavilion, eyayisebenza njengesithabathaba sabaphathi baseTurkey. Umuntu angabona futhi i-mosque enkulu kunazo zonke yesigodlo, i-Agalar, lapho ipadishah yafika izothandaza ngamakhasi ayo kanye nezikwele zayo.

IGceke No. 4

Kulapha lapho ungabona khona izindawo ezinhle kakhulu enqabeni, ngakho-ke lena indawo enhle yesithombe eTopkapi Palace. Nayi iTulip Garden, indawo lapho amaSultan ayethanda ukuthatha umhlalaphansi angene emicabangweni yawo. Insimu igcwele imibala ekhanyayo yezimbali ezinamakha, izihlahla zezithelo kanye nezivini. Eduzane kuneMarble Terrace, lapho kuvulwa khona i-panorama engakholeki yeBosphorus noLwandle lwaseMarmara, kanye neGolden Horn Bay. Funda ngezinye izindawo zedolobha ezinokubukwa kwe-panoramic ku- Lesi sihloko.

Phakathi kwezinto ezigqamile zale ngxenye kubalwa ama-pavilion aseYerevan naseBaghdad, iColumn Hall, iCircumcision Pavilion neSofa Mosque. Zonke izakhiwo zisesimweni esihle, nengaphakathi lazo lethulwe ngesitayela esijwayelekile sase-Ottoman, liphinde ligcizelele ikhono labadwebi baseTurkey.

Imininingwane ewusizo

Uma ufuna imininingwane yokuthi i-Topkapi Palace itholakala kuphi e-Istanbul, khona-ke siyakwazisa. ikheli ngqo: ICankurtaran Mh., 34122 Fatih / İstanbul.

Amahora okusebenza: imnyuziyamu ivulwa nsuku zonke ngaphandle kwangoLwesibili. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, kusuka ngo-Okthoba 30 kuya ku-Ephreli 15, lesi sikhungo sisebenza ngesheduli emfushane kusuka ngo-09: 00 kuya ku-16: 45. Ungawathenga amathikithi kuze kube ngu-16: 00. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kusuka ngomhlaka-15 Ephreli kuya kumhlaka-30 Okthoba, isigodlo siyatholakala kusukela ngo-09: 00 kuya ku-18: 45. Amahhovisi amathikithi avulwa kuze kube ngu-18: 00.

Izindleko: kusukela ngoSepthemba 2018, imali yokungena eMnyuziyamu waseTopkapi ingama-40 tl. Ukuvakashela i-harem, udinga ukuthenga ithikithi elengeziwe elibiza ama-25 tl. Umnyango weSonto lase-St. Irene nawo ukhokhelwa ngokwehlukana - ama-20 tl ngomuntu ngamunye. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1, 2018, izikhulu zaseTurkey bezikhuphula amanani entengo yamathikithi okungena abe ngaphezu kwamamnyuziyamu angaphezu kwama-50. Ukungena kweTopkapi nakho kuzokhuphuka ngentengo futhi kuzoba ngama-60 tl.

Isiza esisemthethweni: topkapisarayi.gov.tr/en/visit-information.

Funda futhi: Izitsha zikazwelonke zaseTurkey - yini okufanele uzame e-Istanbul.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

Imithetho yokuvakasha

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kukhona izakhiwo zezenkolo endaweni yezakhiwo zomlando ezenza izidingo ezikhethekile ekubukeni kwezivakashi. Ngakho-ke, kwabesifazane, lapho bevakashela iTopkapi, kungcono ukwenqaba izikhindi ezimfushane neziketi ngokungagwegwesi, iziqongo ezivuleke kakhulu namablawuzi. Amadoda afake izikibha nezikhindi zasebhishi nawo awemukelekile.

Ukuthatha izithombe esigodlweni iTopkapi e-Istanbul ngokuvamile akuvunyelwe, yize kukhona okuhlukile lapha. Ngakho-ke, ukuthwebula izithombe zamaqoqo emahholo okubukisa akuvunyelwe. I-oda lihlolwe ngokucophelela ngonogada okuthi, lapho bebona ukuthi wephule imithetho, bazofuna ngokushesha ukuthi zonke izithombe zisuswe.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi akuvunyelwe ukungena emagcekeni esigodlo nabahamba ngezinyawo. Futhi-ke, kufanele ulandele imithetho eyisisekelo yokuziphatha okuhle: ungahleki kakhulu, ungahambi emahholo ngokudla neziphuzo, hlonipha abasebenzi nezinye izivakashi.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Amathiphu awusizo

Ukuze wenze ukuvakasha kwakho kweTopkapi Palace eTurkey kube kuhle ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele unake izincomo zabavakashi asebeke bavakashela isiza. Njengoba sifunde ukubuyekezwa kwabahambi, siqoqe kuphela amathiphu awusizo kakhulu wokuvakashela umnyuziyamu:

1. Ngaphambi kokuya eTopkapi, qiniseka ukuthola imininingwane yokuthi ngabe umsebenzi wokubuyisela uyaqhubeka lapho. Futhi uma ziqhubeka, bese uhlehlisa uhambo lwakho oluya emnyuziyamu, ngaphandle kwalokho ubeka engcupheni yokususa uhhafu omuhle wezinto zawo ezikhangayo ohambweni lwakho.
2. Ukuba yindawo evakashelwa kakhulu e-Istanbul, isigodlo siheha izinkulungwane zezivakashi nsuku zonke, okudala ulayini omkhulu ehhovisi lamathikithi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukufika eTopkapi ekuseni kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuvulwa.
3. Kunemishini yokuthengisa eduze kwamahhovisi amathikithi lapho ungathenga khona amathikithi okungena ngekhadi lakho lasebhange.
4. Uma isakhiwo sesigodlo singesona ukuphela komnyuziyamu ozoyibona e-Istanbul, kunengqondo ukuthenga ipasi elikhethekile elisebenza izinsuku ezi-5 kuphela ezikhungweni zedolobha elikhulu. Izindleko zayo zingu-125 tl. Ngaphezu kokuthi ikhadi elinjalo lizokongela imali encane, uzophinde uzisindise nasekulindeni isikhathi eside kolayini.

5. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuhlola amahholo enkimbinkimbi enkampanini yomhlahlandlela womsindo. Intengo yayo ngama-20 tl. Sikweluleka futhi ukuthi ngokungeziwe ufunde imininingwane mayelana neTopkapi Palace ukuze uqonde ukuthi uhamba kuphi nokuthi ubheke ini.
6. Ukuze uhlolisise ngokuphelele konke okubukwayo emnyuziyamu, kuzothatha okungenani amahora ama-2.
7. Qiniseka ukuthi uletha amanzi asemabhodleleni nawe. Ensimini yenkimbinkimbi, ibhodlela lamanzi libiza i-14 tl, lapho, njengasesitolo esilula, ukhokha inani eliphakeme le-1 tl ngalo.
8. Kunezindawo zokudlela eziningana nezitolo zezikhumbuzo ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesigodlo, kepha amanani aphezulu kakhulu. Futhi uma izinhlelo zakho zingafaki izindleko ezingeziwe, khona-ke kungcono ukungayi lapho.

Umphumela

ITopkapi Palace ingukuziqhenya kwelizwe laseTurkey, futhi namuhla iziphathimandla zezwe zenza imizamo eminingi yokulungisa izakhiwo zomnyuziyamu zisesimweni esifanele. Vele, umsebenzi wokubuyisela kabusha ungaba ukudumala kwangempela kumhambi onelukuluku, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokuvakashela isiza.

Ividiyo: injani indawo nengaphakathi lesiGodlo iTopkapi.

Bukela ividiyo: In Istanbul the Cats Are King (Juni 2024).