Izici zefenisha yesitayela soMbuso, ama-nuances wokuzikhethela

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Umbuso ekuhumusheni usho ukuthi "umbuso" noma "isitayela sobukhosi", okuwuphawu olufanele. Ngemuva kwakho konke, inhloso yokwakhiwa kwayo ukukhombisa ubukhulu bombusi, ingcebo, amandla akhe, amandla empi, amandla. Lokhu kungahlanganiswa noNapoleon uqobo, kanye nogqozi lwesiqondisi - iRoma lasendulo. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokuhlobisa ifenisha yesitayela se-Empire, ebukeka ibukekayo futhi inobukhosi.

Siyini isitayela

Isitayela soMbuso savela eFrance ngekhulu le-18, kepha hhayi ngengozi, kepha ngamabomu. Yingakho into yokuqala ephawula ngayo: ukuhleleka ngaphakathi, ukusebenziseka, ifenisha yasendlini, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke - isiphetho sokuzicabangela, esifanekisela ukuchuma kombuso ngaphansi kobuholi bukaNapoleon. Ngasikhathi sinye, okunethezeka nengcebo kuyakhonjiswa.

EFrance, lesi sitayela sasithandwa cishe iminyaka engama-30, futhi eRussia "saqala izimpande" isikhathi eside kakhulu - izici zaso zazifanelekile nangesikhathi sikaStalin.

Izici zesici ezitholakala kule fenisha enjalo yilezi:

izinto ezibizayo zemvelo, nangokunikezela igumbi elilodwa bazamile ukusebenzisa ifenisha yohlobo olufanayo. Lezi yimabula, i-mahogany, i-walnut, i-silk, i-velvet, i-bronze;
ukulinganisa, ukuhleleka kwezinto kanye nezindlela zokuhlelwa kwefenisha kuboniswa ngokwakhiwa kwe-centric noma i-radial. Igumbi livame ukuhlinzekwa ngezinto ezisuka kusethi eyodwa yefenisha - izihlalo ezingamabhangqa ezibhangqiwe, izihlalo eziningi;
ubukhazikhazi obusemthethweni - amafomu amakhulu, ukungabi bikho kokuhlobisa okungenamqondo, izindawo eziqoshwe ngokucophelela zikuvumela ukuthi uthole izinto zangaphakathi lapho ungahlangana khona nezivakashi eziphakeme kakhulu nezithandekayo, kubangele ukuncoma kwazo;
imihlobiso ezintweni imelwe yizimbali, amaphethini ezitshalo, ubujamo bejometri, izithombe zekhanda lengonyama, ukhozi, izidalwa zasendulo zasenganekwaneni. Imvamisa, izinto eziqoshiwe, zokuhlobisa zifanekisela ukunqoba kwezempi, amandla;
isibalo esikhulu sezibuko, ikakhulukazi ezinkulu, zenzelwe ukukhombisa kaningi ukunethezeka kwangaphakathi, ukukhulisa isikhala;
iningi lokuhlobisa ifenisha lenziwe ngezinto zethusi nezakhiwe;
isiko lasendulo laseRoma lasendulo, iGrisi, iGibhithe lalikhonjiswa kuzinto ezinjengombhede wamaRoma, amakholomu, ama-cornices.

Ngasikhathi sinye, bekufanele ngabe kunenqwaba yefenisha, izinto zokuhlobisa nezinto ezifekethisiwe: zihlobise izinto ezinkulu, kanye nezindonga, uphahla namakhonsi.

Izinhlobo

Njengoba indawo yokuzalwa yesitayela soMbuso yiFrance, ukuqhubeka kwayo kwaqala lapho. ERussia, kwakusemfashinini ukwenza konke ngendlela yesiFulentshi, ngakho-ke isiqondiso sasheshe sazi amagumbi ombuso namakhosi asebukhosini. Noma kunjalo, lapha isitayela soMbuso sefenisha asilandelwanga "ngendlela yaso emsulwa", kepha sinezinguquko ezithile, ezazithethelelwa ukunambitheka kwezikhulu zaseRussia. Manje sekuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko: isiFulentshi nesiRussia. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo: i-pathos nokunethezeka - enguqulweni yoqobo, ubulula nokuthamba - kowesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singagqamisa ngokwehlukana ukuthuthuka kwayo ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaStalin.

IsiFulentshi

Njengoba isitayela soMbuso sibonakala ngokuxhumana okusobala noNapoleon, amandla akhe abonakala ngokuvela kwefenisha. Iyabukisa, iyabukisa, inemihlobiso eminingi, ikanokusho ngokweqile, ngisho neyaseshashalazini. Isifiso samandla sibonakala ezinhlosweni eziningi ezihlobisa ifenisha, lapho kulandelwa khona ngokucacile isihloko sezempi: amapiki, izinkemba, amagoda ezimbali ze-laurel. Imiklamo eminingi iqoshwe ngohlamvu uN. Yonke ifenisha ihlelwe ngokucophelela ngokulingana, ngababili.

Umbuso waseRussia

Umkhuba ohlukile isitayela soMbuso WaseRussia, ngokungafani nesiFulentshi, esilahlekelwe ezinye zezindlela "ezinhle kakhulu", sesibekelwe kakhulu. Izinto zishintshile: ngaphezu kwe-mahogany, i-birch edayiwe nemifekethiso yaqala ukusetshenziswa lapha, engeza induduzo yasekhaya emkhathini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amafomu asendulo, izinto zasendulo zaseRoma zigcinwe.

Lo mehluko wachazwa ngokuvinjelwa kombuso okukhona kokungeniswa kwempahla yaseFrance endaweni, kubandakanya nefenisha. Ngakho-ke, kwakungekho amakhophi okuqala, kuphela imidwebo nemidwebo, ngesisekelo sokwakheka okusha okwenziwe.

Ngokujwayelekile, kunesinye isiqondiso esivelele, esibizwa ngesitayela soMbuso "wabantu", lapho kuboniswe khona izici ezithile zesitayela ezithandwa emanhlokodolobha nasezindlini ezicebile. Kubonakala ngezinto zokwakha ezishibhile, futhi amalayili agxiviziwe ayevame ukwenziwa ngepapaer-mâché edayiwe.

Ifenisha yesitayela soMbuso WaseRussia yayinemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ukubukeka kwayo kwakuxhomeke kakhulu engcebweni yomnikazi wayo. Isibonelo, ingaphakathi lamagumbi esigodlo lalifakwe izinto ezivela ezintweni ezibiza kakhulu nezinhlobo zezinkuni ezinomhlobiso omuhle, ocebile. Ifenisha yasendlini yayenziwe ngokwamasampula esigodlo, kodwa ngezinto zokwakha ezifinyeleleka kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucatshangelwa okuthandwa ngumndeni, okushiye uphawu lwayo enguqulweni yokugcina.

EzikaStalin

Isitayela se-Stalinist Empire siyisipesheli, sihlukile kunhlobo lwakudala, umkhombandlela. Yayiqukethe imibono eminingana ngasikhathi sinye, ikakhulukazi, ubuciko baseRoma yasendulo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko e-USSR. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingaphakathi le-Stalin lihlukaniswa ukuqina kwalo, ubukhulu nobukhulu bezinto ezihlanganiswa kalula nokubunjwa kwe-stucco, amakhemikhali e-crystal, i-velvet trim, nemininingwane eqoshiwe. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswe iphalethi ethile: oluhlaza okotshani, onsundu, beige, omnyama. Ifenisha ngesitayela se- "Stalinist Empire" ithole ukuthandwa kakhulu ngama-30-50s wekhulu lama-XX.

Kulula ukukhiqiza kabusha isitayela soMbuso endaweni yangaphakathi yesimanje, futhi lo mkhuba uyathandeka ekuthandeni. Kepha manje bazama ukuthambisa ukubukeka kokuzenzisa futhi bakwenze kube mnandi kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha amakamelo avulekile anophahla oluphezulu, lapho ifenisha enkulu ngokwanele inganqwabelaniswa. Izibuko nemicamelo eminingi kufanele. Kusetshenziswa izinto ezibizayo ekukhiqizeni: i-walnut, i-mahogany, i-brocade, i-velvet, usilika wokuhlobisa. Isihlahla imvamisa siqinile, sihlotshiswe ngezibambo ezinomusa nangezinto ezibunjiwe.

Izinto zesici

Izinto zokwenziwa kwezikhombisi ezihlukile zefenisha yesitayela soMbuso zisetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukile, kepha zinokuhlelwa okuvamile - okungokwemvelo nezindleko eziphezulu. Zenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukugcizelela isikhundla nobukhulu bomnikazi wendawo, ukujabulisa izivakashi. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-mahogany yayisetshenziswa eFrance, futhi imabula, ithusi, igolide, isiliva ne-crystal kwakusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ukuhlobisa ifenisha.

ERussia, isitayela soMbuso asiqalanga ukusetshenziswa kunguqulo yaso yoqobo, kepha sathola ukufundwa "kwamahhala". I-mahogany yathathelwa indawo ngokushesha ngumlotha, i-poplar, ne-birch eyigugu yaseKarelian. Amathebulethi ahlotshiswe ngokufakwa kwamatshe okuhlobisa alethwe e-Urals: malachite, lapis lazuli. Esikhundleni sezinto zethusi, kusetshenziswe imidwebo yokhuni ehlotshiswe ngokuhlobisa. ICrystal nayo iyabonakala esiqondisweni saseRussia.

Isimo sicishe sifane nezinto zokuqeda. Isibonelo, umqondo wokusebenzisa izinkuni ezipendwe mhlophe ngezinto ezihlobeziwe ungowengcweti yaseRussia. Izinto zokwakhiwa kwempahla yasendlini ephakanyisiwe ziyehluka: eyaseFrance yayicace bha noma yayinomqhele we-laurel, kanti eRussia, kwakusetshenziswa izinto ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi kufekethisiwe. Kodwa-ke, i-brocade, usilika, isikhumba, i-velor, nosilika wemvelo kwakuyizinto zokuqedela ezijwayelekile.

Imigomo yokusetshenziswa ingaphakathi

Uma uthola indlela efanelekile yokuhlobisa igumbi, khona-ke ifenisha yoMbuso wasendulo enobuhle izohlangana ngokuphelele nokwakhiwa kwanamuhla nokuhlobisa. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu bayo, inani elikhulu lezinto nomhlobiso ocebile, kanye nokulinganisa okudingekayo. Esinye sezidingo eziyinhloko zezinto ezinjalo egumbini isikhala nokufakwa okuphezulu. Emakamelweni amancane futhi adangele, kufanelekile ukufuna esinye isixazululo.

Lapho uhlela ifenisha, kubalulekile ukulandela imigomo yokwenziwa kwe-ray noma i-centric, okusho ukugqamisa isikhungo segumbi noma ingaphakathi ngandlela thile. Kulokhu, kungasetshenziswa umdwebo phansi maphakathi, lapho udinga ukwakhela khona lapho wenza umbono, noma, ngokwesibonelo, itafula elikhulu lokudlela.

Ukuqedela nokuhlobisa kufanele kube ngesikimu sombala esifanayo noma esifanayo. Kuyalulekwa futhi nokuthi ukhethe okokusebenza okuthile: ngokwesibonelo, ivelvet yokwelukiweyo kwezihlalo namasofa, izihlalo kanye namakhethini okuthunga asekamelweni elilodwa. Izesekeli zibalulekile - kuhle uma izibambo zeminyango, abagqoki, amawashi, amalambu nezinye izinto zenziwe isitayela ngendlela efanayo, ngokwesibonelo, ngethusi.

Iphalethi yombala kufanele icebe, kepha hhayi ekhanyayo futhi ekhanyayo kakhulu. Imhlophe, imagenta, okuluhlaza okotshani, imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yamukelekile, ehambisana kahle nokuqedwa kwegolide kwezinto. Lokhu kungubukhazikhazi bangempela bobukhosi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esimweni esibucayi kangaka awuhlali uzizwa unethezekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha isitayela soMbuso singenziwa "sithambe" kalula. Kunenani elikhulu lefenisha eyenziwe isitayela emakethe, kufaka phakathi ifenisha ephakanyisiwe, eyenzelwe ngqo impilo, hhayi ukwamukela okunesizotha nokuziqhenya. Le nguqulo inezinto zokunethezeka ezinesizotha, izisusa zakudala, kepha hhayi ngendlela yokuziqhenya.

Yikuphi okungcono ukukhetha

Iqoqo lezinto zangaphakathi lihlala lijwayelekile, kepha kusetshenziswa imiklamo emisha, engasetshenziswanga ngaphambili: i-trellis, ama-showcases amancane, amabhodi eseceleni. Ifenisha ephawuleka kakhulu yesitayela soMbuso ingabizwa ngokuthi:

osofa nosofa abanezihlalo ezibanzi, imihlane ephansi, efakwe izindwangu ezibizayo: isikhumba, i-brocade noma usilika. Uhlaka lungenziwa ngensimbi, njengethusi, noma ukhuni lwemvelo. Izingxenye zokhuni zivame ukuhlotshiswa ngemifanekiso eqoshiwe. Imilenze eyenziwe ngesilwane noma ngezidladla zayo ingaba imininingwane ethokozisayo. Kuningi imicamelo emincane okudingeka bayenze;
izihlalo ezinkulu impela ezinemihlane ephansi zingahlotshiswa ngezindonga eziseceleni ezibonisa ama-antique griffins nama-swans. Izihlalo cishe zihlala zithambile futhi ziphakanyiswe ngezindwangu ezibizayo;
izihlalo ngokubukeka zifana kakhulu nezihlalo - ezibanzi neziphansi. Ngenxa yokuphakama kwabo okuhle nokuhlobisa okwenziwe ngobunono, bavame ukubukeka njengesihlalo sobukhosi esincane. I-ottoman encane yemilenze ingagcwalisa ihedsethi;
amakhabethe ahlaba umxhwele ngosayizi - ububanzi obuncane bungu-130 cm, futhi benziwe ngokhuni oluqinile lwamahlathi abizayo. Isibuko, izinto ezibekiwe, izibambo ezinhle ezisontekile zethusi zaba yinto yokuhlobisa njalo. Ukuqamba okusha kungabizwa ngeKhabhinethi ekhombisa ngemuva kwengilazi, lapho kukhonjiswe khona izinto ezibalulekile noma izitsha ezinhle. Kulokhu, amashalofu ayenziwe ngengilazi;
amatafula - ayindilinga noma angunxande, amakhulu noma amancane, kuya ngenhloso yokusebenza kwefenisha. Imilenze ivame ukugoqana, ibe namajika amahle. Uma itafula lincane, khona-ke kwenziwa umlenze owodwa kuphela kulo. Izinto zokwenziwa zingabi ngokhuni kuphela, kepha futhi nezemabula, futhi phezulu kwetafula kuvame ukubekwa kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-merquetry, i-mosaic noma i-inlay yamatshe, kwesinye isikhathi iyigugu elincane. Ukwakheka okujwayelekile kuyisethi equkethe itafula elikhulu lokudlela elinezihlalo eziphakeme;
imibhede, njengezinye izingcezu zefenisha, zinkulu futhi zinkulu. I-headboard idonsela ukunaka kuyo ngemidwebo emihle noma ingathamba, iphakanyiswe ngezinto ezibizayo. I-canopy ingenziwa ngento efanayo noma osofa futhi ama-ottomans angafakwa egumbini;
ikhandlela le-crystal nezibuko akunakubizwa ngokuthi ifenisha, kepha kunendawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha ingaphakathi loMbuso. Kulapha lapho imfashini yokugqoka amatafula ngesibuko yaqala khona, futhi amakhandlela e-crystal ahlala emakhaya ethu isikhathi eside.

Imvamisa, ukumisa ingaphakathi, ifenisha yesitayela soMbuso yenziwa uku-oda noma ukuthengwa isethi yonke. Le yindlela elula yokuvumelana, ngoba zonke izinto sezivele zifana komunye nomunye futhi zihambisana nohlelo lombala jikelele.

Isitayela soMbuso singabizwa ngokuthi umvuthwandaba ekuthuthukiseni inkombandlela yakudala. Usabambelela kumafomu ajwayelekile nakwimigqa eqinile, kepha usevele uvumela izitayela ezintsha, ezivezwa ngokuqedwa kwefenisha okuluhlaza nokucacile. Esikhathini sethu, akukho mingcele, futhi ungafaka ngokuphepha imibono enesibindi ngokubamba iqhaza kwefenisha eyenziwe isitayela.