Zihlala kuphi izingwejeje?
Izingwejeje ziyizilwane ezi-fluffy ezithandekayo abantu abaningi abangaziqhayisa ngokujwayelana nazo. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ingwejeje yisilwane esincelisayo esande kakhulu eMhlabeni. Ubudlelwano obuhle obuthuthukile phakathi kwendoda nengwejeje buyavumelana: izilwane ezinhle futhi ezithanjisiwe kalula zikhuthaza ukuzwelana nabantu, futhi zona, sekuyisikhathi eside zithathwa amaprotheni njengesiqinisekiso esithembekile sokungashiywa ngaphandle kokudla. Ngakho-ke, izingwejeje zitholakala emahlathini asendle, nasemapaki amadolobha, nasemakhoneni okuhlala abafundi, nasemafulethini, ngisho nasemahhovisi. Ukuthandwa kokugcinwa kwalezi zilwane ekhaya kukhula minyaka yonke. Intshisekelo ezintweni ezikhethekile zala magundane amahle nayo ingokwemvelo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa izingwejeje ukuthi ziyizilwane zasehlathini. Zizinze kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwase-Australia, kepha zihlala kuphela lapho kunamahlathi amade khona. Noma ku-tundra, noma e-steppe, ngeke sihlangane nalezi zilwane. Kepha uma kukhona indawo yehlathi - noma ngabe isenyakatho, indawo eshisayo, epaki yehlathi yasemadolobheni noma endaweni eyihlathi ezintabeni - enamathuba amaningi, la mahlathi abuye abe yizingwejeje zohlobo oluthile noma olunye.
Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwawo uqobo kuphakamisa ukuthi izingwejeje zenzelwe impilo ezihlahleni. Umzimba omncane onwetshiwe ngokubeka kwawo ukhombisa ukushesha. Umsila omude ontofontofo, izingwejeje ezisebenzisa zombili njengephini lokuqondisa futhi njengepharashuthi, uzivumela ukuba zizizwe zingamakhosi emvelo kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama futhi zihamba kalula ngisho nasemagatsheni amancane. Imilenze yangemuva emide futhi eqinile - inde kakhulu futhi inamandla kakhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili - yizitho zomzimba ezigxumayo zemvelo. Futhi uzipho oluqinile kuyo yomine imilenze lwakhiwe ngokusobala ngokwemvelo ukuze lubambelele kalula kunoma iyiphi indawo eqondile noma engemihle ehlathini.
Ezwenikazi lase-Eurasia, izingwejeje zihlala kusukela emahlathini ase-Ireland naseScandinavia kuya eKamchatka enyakatho, nase-Iran kuya enyakatho yeChina eningizimu. Lezi zilwane zizizwa ziseduze kwamadolobha nasemapaki amadolobha uqobo, budebuduze nokuhlala kwabantu, umhlaba olimekayo nemizimba yamanzi.
Izingwejeje zivame ukuzakhela izidleke emigodini yezihlahla, zikhetha "amakamelo" ajulile anokungena okuncane, lapho izilwane ezidla ezinye - amagwababa nezimpisi, amakati, ama-martens nabo bonke abanye abamele izilwane ezikwazi ukufinyelela inzalo engakwazi ukuzivikela yezingwejezi esidlekeni - azikwazi ukungena. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthola umgodi omuhle, ingwejeje yakha isidleke yodwa, ngamagatsha, inika igumbi elingaphakathi umumo oyindilinga. Isidleke sivalekile futhi sifakwe utshani obomile namaqabunga, ubulembu nobulembu. Kepha umgodi nesidleke somkhiqizo wabo kufakwe olunye uhlelo lokuphepha - ukuphuma okuphuthumayo. Ngesikhathi samakhaza asebusika, ezinye izingwejeje nazo zingahlala esidlekeni esisodwa, zifudunyezane ngemfudumalo yazo. Futhi ukuze ukushisa kungapheli, izingwejeje zivala iminyango eya esidlekeni ngenqwaba yotshani.
Isakhiwo sevidiyo
Yimaphi amaprotheni adlayo
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi izingwejeje, ekubeni zingamagundane, zidla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Eqinisweni, amaprotheni ayizidlakudla. Ngakho-ke, kanye nembewu yazo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla - okuqukethwe ngesihlahla sonwele, uphayini, umsipresi nezigaxa zomsedari, ama-acorn namantongomane angashintshi - izingwejeje zingadla amakhowe, izinambuzane kanye nezibungu zazo, amaxoxo, amaqanda ezinyoni namachwane. Futhi uma ukwehluleka kwezitshalo noma ingwejeje, njengenjwayelo, ikhohliwe entwasahlobo lapho izinqolobane zayo zifihlwe khona, ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi kakhulu "kwezitsha" kungadla: amagxolo emithi amancane, izimpande kanye namahlumela amancane ezitshalo, amajikijolo ngonyaka odlule kanye namafihlekile aqhakaza ezihlahleni ...
Emapaki asehlathini, izingwejeje zivame ukondla ngalokho abantu abakuphathisa izimbangi zabo ezidumile, izihloko zetitumi - imbewu ye-sunflower. Eqinisweni, lokhu kudla akulusizo kuzingwejeje. Futhi okunye ukudla, okuthi ngasizathu simbe sekuthandwayo, izinhlamvu zamakinati, akuyona nje impilo, kepha amaprotheni aletha ukulimala kwangempela ohlelweni lwe-musculoskeletal. Ngakho-ke, uma kunesifiso sokondla izingwejeje epaki, kungcono ukubaphekela ama-walnuts noma ama-hazelnut. Futhi kungcono ukunikeza amaprotheni hhayi amantongomane owosiwe noma amashalofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amaprotheni aphathwa njengesibiliboco kuze kube ukugcwala, futhi konke abakutholayo ngokungeziwe kufihliwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukungabi namakhono wezibalo noma umuzwa wobungako, ukufihla ukwelashwa kwamaprotheni ngeke kube kunani alidinga ngempela, kepha kuyinani azolithola. Maye, amaprotheni awakwazi ukukhumbula izinqolobane zawo lapho zidingeka. Ngakho-ke, kunoma yiliphi ihlathi, ngesifiso esinamandla, ungathola "ingcebo" yesikwele ngisho neminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu edlule.
Izinhlobo zamaprotheni
Izingwejeje zingaphansi kohlelo lwezingwejeje. Ezinye izihlobo zohlelo olufanayo - ama-chipmunks, izingwejeje ezindizayo, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, izimbila kanye namanye amagundane - zivame ukufana namaprotheni ekudleni nasendaweni ezihlala kuyo, kanti ezinye zibuye zibe umlutha wokuphila ezihlahleni. Eminye imikhakha yezingwejeje, njengamaqhawekazi endatshana yethu, nayo inegama elithi "ingwejeje" egameni labo. Phakathi kwabo - ne-Indian squirrel enkulu enesisindo esifinyelela ku-2 kg. nosayizi womzimba ongaphezu kwengxenye yemitha, nazo zonke izinhlobo zezingwejeje-imvuthuluka elingana negundane elincane. Empeleni, uhlobo lwezingwejeje lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30, ngalunye lwazo ezinokuma kwezwe. Ensimini yaseRussia, kuhlala uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesikwele - isikwashi esivamile.
- Isikwele esivamile noma veksha - isilwane esithwala uboya esinobude obumaphakathi bomzimba obungu-19 kuya kuma-28 cm.Izici ezihlukile - umsila obushelelezi onobude bezinwele zokuqapha (kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-6 cm) nezindlebe ezinde ezinezintshingo, ezifreyimuwe yimidlidliza. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu futhi banhle kakhulu kunabesifazane, banezinwele ezijiyile nezifudumele kakhulu emsileni nasezintshontsheni zezindlebe. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngama-subspecies ayishumi nambili, anokuhluka okubonakalayo ngombala futhi, kwezinye izimo, umehluko ongabalulekile ngosayizi. Umbala oyinhloko wesikwele esivamile ubomvu. Uboya buguquka kabili ngonyaka ngezikhathi zomunyu wesizini - ngoMashi-Ephreli nangoSepthemba-Novemba. Ebusika, umbala wama-subspecies ahlukahlukene ushintsha abe yimibala ehlukahlukene engwevu, kanti amathoni abomvu anombala womsila nezindlebe agcinwa ngezinga elithile. Isikwele esivamile sihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi cishe kuwo wonke amahlathi ase-Asia, kuze kufike ogwini olusempumalanga kakhulu.
- Isikwele saseJapan noma momonga - uhlala eziqhingini zaseShikoku, eHonshu naseKyushu. Isilwane esincane esinombala onsundu ngokumpunga sihlala emahlathini asezindaweni eziphansi, futhi sifihle izinqolobane zasebusika emhlabathini.
- Ingwejeje yasePheresiya (eCaucasus) - isihlobo esisondelene nesikwele esivamile. Ibizwa ngokuthi "amaprotheni angajwayelekile" ngenxa yokungabikho kwamazinyo amancane we-premolar. Inani lezinhlobo lincane futhi liyaqhubeka nokwehla, hhayi okungenani ngenxa yokuthi kancane kancane lithathelwa indawo uhlobo oluqinile noluningi kakhulu - i-veksha.
- Isikwele esimnyama (impungushe) - uhlala kulo lonke izwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Inkulu kakhulu kunabantu abahlala emahlathini nasemapaki ethu - ubukhulu bomzimba busuka ku-45 kuye ku-70 cm (futhi cishe uhhafu wobude buwela emsileni), izindlebe ziyindilinga futhi azinazo izintambo.
- Ingwejeje empunga yaseNtshonalanga - uhlala emahlathini axubekile nasezihlathini kulo lonke ugu olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, ukusuka eCanada kuya eMexico. Izilwane zincane kancane kunodadewabo abamnyama - izingwejeje zezimpungushe, kodwa, njengabo, zihlala ezihlahleni futhi zenza izinqolobane eziningi emhlabathini.
- Ingwejeje yomlilo - isilwane esincane esinosayizi onesizotha ngisho nangaphezu kwe-squirrel ejwayelekile - kufika ku-25-27 cm ubude. Ihlala endaweni eyodwa kuphela emhlabeni - iVenezuela.
- Ingwejeje enesipoki - umakhelwane osondelene nomlilo, kepha uzinze kabanzi - ngaphezu kweVenezuela, uhlala eGuyana naseBrazil. Umzimba awudluli ku-17 cm ubude, futhi imivimbo iyabonakala emsileni.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezingwejeje zingatholakala eCanada nase-United States, eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, emahlathini ashisayo ase-Asia naseziqhingini ezahlukahlukene.
Zihlalaphi izingwejeje ebusika nasehlobo?
Ngokungafani nezinyoni, izingwejeje azithutheli ezindaweni ezifudumele ekwindla, nasezindaweni ezipholile ehlobo. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuphila ezikhathini ezifudumele nezibandayo isahlukile. Ebusika, i-squirrel ayihlali ebusika, yebo, kepha emakhazeni amakhulu angawela esimweni sokulala futhi aphume esidlekeni kuphela eyofuna ukudla. Isikhathi sasehlobo siqala entwasahlobo, lapho izingwejeje ziqala ukuzala. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izilwane zinikela ngesikhathi sazo esiningi zinakekela inzalo yazo.
Ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo
Phakathi nonyaka, izingwejeje zizala izikhathi ezingu-1-2, nasezindaweni ezifudumele - kuze kube kathathu. Imvamisa, abesilisa aba-5-6 bafuna ukuthandwa ngowesifazane oyedwa - bahlela "izimpi zomlomo" ngokuduma okukhulu futhi bakhombisa izimpawu zokuhlukumezeka ngokomzimba, besabisa ngokushaya amagatsha ngezidladla zabo futhi bezama ukuthola izimbangi. Ngemuva kokukhwelana nokhethiwe, owesifazane wakha isidleke esisha esikhulu senzalo, futhi ezinsukwini ezingama-35-38 ngemuva kokuqala kokukhulelwa, ubeletha izingwejeje, imvamisa kusuka kwezintathu kuya kweziyishumi kudoti owodwa. Ngezikhathi ezimbili zokuzalela ngonyaka, udoti wokuqala uvame ukuba mkhulu kunowesibili.
Amathole azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi engenaboya. Izingwejeje ziqala ukukhula engutsheni yoboya emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokuzalwa, kepha amehlo azo avuleka kuphela ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, ngosuku lokuphila olungu-30-32. Njengoba sezibonile, izingane ngokushesha ziqala ukushiya isidleke futhi zihlale kancane emhlabeni wangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, izinsuku ezingama-40-50 zokuphila, umaskili ongumama wondla inzalo ngobisi. Lapho esefike ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala, izingwejeje ziyashiya esidlekeni futhi, ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngokwazo. Owesifazane, ekukhuliseni inzalo, isikhathi esithile ubuyisa amandla futhi adle, bese ephinda futhi eshade. Ngakho-ke, udoti wesibili uzalwa cishe emasontweni ayi-13 ngemuva kowokuqala.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezingwejeje ezingagcinwa ekhaya
Izingwejeje zingenye yezilwane zasendle ezimbalwa kakhulu ezikwazi ngokuphelele ukwenza okuhle ekuthunjweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isikhathi esimaphakathi se-squirrel endle sicishe sibe yiminyaka eyi-4, ekhaya lezi zilwane ezinhle zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-12 - kunjalo, zinganakekelwa kahle. Lezi zibalo zikhombisa ukuthi izingwejeje zihlala kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kophahla olufanayo nabantu.
Ezinhlobonhlobo zezingwejeje ezihlala ezweni lethu, zonke zilungele ukugcinwa kwasekhaya. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abaseCaucasus, abaseNyakatho Yurophu, abaseRussia abaphakathi, abase-Ukraine nabanye abaningi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kube nokuhlalisana eduze kwalesi silwane esihle nesihlekisayo ukuletha injabulo kuphela, kuwukuhlakanipha ukungabambi umuntu omele umndeni we-squirrel, kodwa ukuthenga i-squirrel enkulisa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ungathola imininingwane ebanzi yochwepheshe yokuthi ungalihlomisa kanjani ikhaya lentombazane ekhohlisayo ukuze ingakonakalisi zonke izinto ezisendlini, kepha ngasikhathi sinye uzizwa umuhle, nokuthi yini okufanele ayondle, nokuthi ungamvumela kanjani ukuba atatazele.
Isakhiwo sevidiyo
Imininingwane ethakazelisayo
- Ama-incisor incisors akhula kuyo yonke impilo futhi i-squirrel idinga ukuwagaya njalo. Ngakho-ke, uma isilwane singenalo ithuba elanele lokugaya amazinyo aso ngamafuphi, sizokwenza ngakho konke esikutholayo - kufaka phakathi ifenisha nezintambo zikagesi.
- Ama-squirrels azalwa futhi ahlala eyimpumputhe isikhathi eside, kepha izidladla zawo sezivele zifakelwe uzipho olunamandla nolubukhali kakhulu kusukela ekuzalweni.
- Ubude be-squirrel bufinyelela imitha eli-1 emhlabathini, kuze kufike kumamitha ama-4 kulayini oqondile osuka egatsheni uye egatsheni futhi ufike kumamitha ayi-15 ejikeni elibheke phansi.
- Ingwejeje ayikaze ihlale esidlekeni esisodwa impilo yayo yonke. Isikwele esisodwa singaba nezindawo zokuhlala ezifika kwezili-15 ngesikhathi, futhi lapho kudingeka sithole noma sakhe ezintsha. Ukuhamba njalo nokufudumala kwendlu kuhlotshaniswa nokubonakala kwezinambuzane "ezifuywayo" zezidleke ezidlekeni.
- Ingwejeje wesilisa akaze akhe izidleke, uhlomisa ezindala ezitholakele.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izingwejeje ziyizilwane ezijabulisa kakhulu ezinganqoba izinhliziyo zezingane nabantu abadala. Bahlakaniphile, bayathemba, bayajabula futhi banelukuluku, bayathakazelisa ukubukwa futhi bayathandeka ukukugcina endlini. Futhi noma ngabe ufunda kangakanani ngabo, kuzohlala kunolwazi oluningi oluthokozisayo nolungakafundi. Futhi uma ufisa, ungaba nokuzilibazisa okuhlobene nezingwejeje, kepha akudingi ukunakekelwa okuyimpoqo kwalezi zilwane ezithandekayo ekhaya lakho: ungafunda imikhuba yazo, uthathe izithombe, uthole imininingwane engavamile ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezingwejeje nezihlobo zazo eziseduze futhi uqoqe izinkomba zamaprotheni ezincwadini izinganekwane. Kunoma ikuphi, uma uwathanda ngempela lawa mafidgethi anomsila omuhle, nakanjani ngeke ube nesithukuthezi ngawo.