IHampi eNdiya - amanxiwa adumile eVijayanagara yasendulo
IHampi, India iyindawo yenkolo ebaluleke kakhulu hhayi kubathandi bezakhiwo zasendulo kuphela, kodwa nakwabalandeli benkolo yamaHindu. Enye yezindawo zabavakashi ezidume kakhulu nezivakashelwa kakhulu kuleli zwe elikhulu.
Ulwazi oluvamile
IHampi yidolobhana elincane elisogwini loMfula iTungabhadra (ingxenye esenyakatho yeKarnataka). Kusuka edolobheni laseBangalore, inhlokodolobha yalesi sifundazwe, ihlukaniswe cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-350, nasezindaweni zokungcebeleka zaseGoa - ngama-25 km ngaphansi. Enye yezindawo zakudala eNdiya idume ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezikhangayo ezinkulu zokwakha, iningi lazo lifakwe kuhlu lwamagugu omhlaba e-UNESCO. Naphezu komlando omude wokuba khona kwazo, eziningi zazo zigcinwe kahle kuze kube yilolu suku, yize kukhona lezo okushiye kuzo amatshe anokuqoshwa okunekhono kuphela. Ngendlela, abantu bendawo banake impahla yabo, ngakho-ke ezinye izikhumbuzo zisesigabeni sokubuyiselwa.
Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho lapho usondela eHampi ngamatshe amakhulu asakazeke kuyo yonke le ndawo, namasimu amakhulu elayisi, lapho kusebenza khona abantu bendawo abambalwa. Ngokuvamile, impilo yakuleli dolobhana ihlale ifana ncamashi njengoba yayinjalo eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Abesilisa badoba ezikebheni zoqalo eziyindilinga ezifanayo nokhokho babo, abesifazane banakekela izingane nemisebenzi yasendlini, futhi ama-pilgrim "angqongqoza ama-rapids" amathempeli amaHindu asendulo anikezelwe konkulunkulu abahlukahlukene. Iphinde isingathe iVijayanagar Festival yaminyaka yonke kanye nemincintiswano emikhulu yokuqwala eqoqa abadlali bezemidlalo abadlulele abavela kulo lonke elaseNdiya.
Inkomba yomlando
Umlando wedolobhana elidumile uhlobene eduze neVijayanagara, inhloko-dolobha yangaphambilini yoMbuso WaseVijayanagar, emanxiweni lapho yakhiwa khona. Ngakho-ke, zonke izikhumbuzo, okuyizinto zokuziqhenya okuyinhloko hhayi nje kuphela idolobhana uqobo, kodwa futhi neNdiya yonke, aziyona nje ingxenye yedolobha lasendulo elalikhona eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-400 eyedlule (kusukela ngo-1336 kuya ku-1565). Ngaleso sikhathi, izwe lalihlukaniswe laba yimibuso eminingana ehlukene, okwathi njengezindlu zamakhadi, zawela ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamabutho amaSulumane. IVijayanagra yaba ukuphela kobubusi bamaNdiya obekwazi ukunikeza isitha ukwenqatshwa okufanelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yakwazi ukusinda ngisho nangesikhathi seDelhi Sultanate, esaziwa ngesimo sayo sokungahambelani nabamele ubuHindu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, idolobha lakhula futhi laqina kakhulu kangangokuba alikwazanga ukuhlanganisa kuphela yonke ingxenye eseningizimu ye-India, kodwa futhi nokuba ngesinye sezinhloko-dolobha ezicebile kakhulu emhlabeni. Amadayimane asezitolo zasedolobheni athengiswa ngamakhilogremu, izigodlo zazifakwe ngegolide elicwengekileyo, futhi imigwaqo yayihlotshiswe ngamathempeli amahle, izithombe zezithixo zamaHindu nezingadi ezinhle zama-rose, ukuze kuhlelwe abakhi bendawo ukuthi bashintshe umbhede womfula.
Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ngekhulu le-14-16, kwakukhona uhlelo lokuthuthwa kwendle nohlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi eVijayanagra, kanti idolobha uqobo lwalo laligadwe ngamasosha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40 nezindlovu zempi ezingama-400, ezazinamathiselwe ezinkalweni zazo izinkemba ezibukhali. Ososayensi bathi ngesikhathi sobukhosi, indawo yenhlokodolobha yaseVijayanagar yayifinyelela kumamitha-skwele angama-30. km, futhi inani labantu lafinyelela kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-500. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahlala ngokuya ngesimiso esithile: abacebile nabasondele enkosini, abasondele enkabeni.
Kepha konke lokhu sekucwile ekukhohlakalweni ngemuva kweMpi yaseTalikot, elahlulwa yibutho lendawo emabuthweni amaSulumane. Ngemuva kwaleyo mpi, kwasala amanxiwa amakhulu kuphela, ahlakazeka ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-30, asala embusweni owake waba namandla futhi ucebile.
Yini oyibonayo eHampi namuhla?
IHampi inezinto eziningi ezihehayo ezihlukile ezizothatha okungenani izinsuku ezi-2 ukuzihlola. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza kuphela eziyinhloko.
Ithempeli laseVirupaksha
Uma ubheka izithombe zikaHampi (India) ezincwajaneni zabavakashi, kumele ngabe uqaphele ithempeli elibabazekayo elinikezelwe ku-Lord Shiva. Akuyona kuphela enkulu kunazo zonke, kodwa futhi nesikhumbuzo sasendulo esidala kunazo zonke esasikhona eMbusweni waseVijayanagar. Izivakashi zethempeli, umnyango okhonjiswa yi-gopuram enkulu (isango), ubingelelwa unkulunkulukazi ocishe ube yindlovu. Uzokunika i-puja futhi akubusise ngokwenza okuhle.
Ngokungafani nenye i-gopuram yase-India, isango laseVirupaksha Temple aligcini ngokuqoshwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zonkulunkulu baseNdiya, kodwa futhi nezigcawu zokuqukethwe okuvusa inkanuko. Insimu yenkimbinkimbi ishaya ngesilinganiso sayo. Ngaphezu kwendawo engcwele uqobo, kunechibi lokubhukuda, ikhishi namakamelo asebukhosini. Umfula iTungabhadra ugeleza ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esikhulu, esihlotshaniswa nonkosikazi kaVirupaksha, uPampa.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. ithempeli lavuselelwa ngokuphelele. Njengamanje, minyaka yonke ithola inani elikhulu labahambi abeza lapha bevela kulo lonke elaseNdiya. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezivakashi ligcinwa ngoDisemba, lapho umkhosi wendabuko womshado ubanjelwa eHampi.
Ithempeli laseVittala
IVittala Temple, eseduze nemakethe yedolobhana futhi enikezelwe kunkulunkulu ophakeme uVishnu, ithathwa njengesakhiwo esihle kakhulu emanxiweni aseVijayanagar. Isici esiyinhloko saleli thempeli amakholomu amancane aculayo akhiqiza wonke amanothi ayi-7 angabi kubi kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi insimbi yomculo (kunama-56 awo). Amahholo angaphakathi ethempelini ahlotshiswe ngabalingisi abangajwayelekile nabadansi, kanti elinye lamahholo, elibizwa ngokuthi iHholo Lamakholomu Amakhulu, lalisetshenziselwa imikhosi yomshado. Ososayensi bathi ezikhathini zangaphambili, uVittala uqobo kanye nenqola ebiphambi kwakhe babependwe ngopende osuselwa kwizimbiwa, owawubavikela elangeni nasemvuleni. Mhlawumbe yingakho zombili lezi zakhiwo zisinde kahle kuze kube namuhla.
Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu
Inqola yamatshe
I-Stone Chariot noma i-Stone Chariot sekuyisikhathi eside iba uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lwe-Hampi. Idizayinelwe ukuhamba konkulunkulu abakhulu, yadalwa kusuka kumabhulokhi ngamanye - futhi ngokunemba nangekhono kangangokuthi amalunga phakathi kwamatshe awakwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Amasondo e-quadriga asesimweni selotus futhi angazungeza kalula azungeze i-eksisi yawo. Ngokusho kwenye yezinganekwane zendawo, wonke umuntu owayekwazi ukusonta la magiya athola ubuhle bezenkolo obuhlukahlukene. Kuyiqiniso, eminyakeni eminingana edlule babhalwa ngokuthembekile, bezama ukuvikela hhayi kuphela kubavakashi abanelukuluku, kodwa futhi nakubashisekeli benkolo. Inqola Yamatshe ithwalwa yizindlovu ezingcwele, ubukhulu bazo buncane kakhulu kunomthwalo obekwe kuzo.
UMonolith waseNarasimha
Akukho mlando odume kangako kaHampi (India) yisithombe sikaNarasimha esingamamitha ayi-7, esiqoshwe emadwaleni e- monolith ngo-1673. Sizinikezele ekuzalweni komzimba okulandelayo kukaVishnu, lesi sithombe simele indoda enekhanda lengonyama, egxilile esimweni sokujula okujulile. Kudala kukholakala ukuthi i-monolith yeNarasimha inamandla aphezulu futhi ivikela izakhamuzi zaseVijayanagr ebunzimeni obuhlukahlukene. Ngasizathu simbe, amaSulumane ashiya lesi sithombe singenaphutha, manje sesisesimweni esicishe siphelele.
Isigodlo seLotus
I-Mahal Lotus, efana nehlumela le-lotus evulekile, ithathwa njengesakhiwo esihle kunazo zonke sekwata okuthiwa ngabesifazane. Inhloso yaleli pavilion kanokusho ayikacaci, kepha ngokusobala yayingeyomhlaba futhi kungenzeka ukuthi yasiza ukuphumuza izintokazi zasenkantolo. Ekubunjweni kwalesi sakhiwo, ungabona zombili izinhloso zamaNdiya nezama-Arabhu. Zombili izitezi zesigodlo zakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi umoya ukwazi ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwamagceke, futhi usengabona izingwegwe ezikhethekile ezibambe amakhethini ngenhla kwezikhala zamawindi.
Indlovu yasebukhosini
IRoyal Elephant House, ebiyikhaya lezindlovu zasebukhosini ezinhle kakhulu, inamagumbi avulekile ayi-11 anendlu ende yamaSulumane. Kukholakala ukuthi ihholo elisenkabeni yendlovu laline-orchestra yasenkantolo, okwakungamakhonsathi alo hhayi kuphela abaculi, kodwa ne-elephanta uqobo. Kwakukhona ngisho nezibopho zensimbi ezilondoloziwe, okwakuboshelwa kuzo izilwane ezihamba phambili. Eduze kwamatafula kunechibi nemithombo lapho izindlovu ezikhathele ziqeda khona ukoma.
Ithempeli lemfene
Ukubuka konke kokuhehayo okuyinhloko kwedolobha lasendulo laseHampi kuqedwa yindawo encane yamaHindu esendaweni ephezulu yeMatanga. Ungafika kuwo ngezitebhisi zamatshe, lapho abahambi ngezinyawo bekhetha ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Lesi sakhiwo uqobo, mhlawumbe, asihlukile kwezinye izinto eziningi ezisakazeke ezweni lonke. Kepha ngikholwe, ayikho enye indawo yaseNdiya lapho uzobona khona izinkawu zasendle eziningi kangaka nokushona kwelanga okuhle ngendlela emangalisayo, okucatshangwa ukuthi kukhuliswa umbono wamanxiwa amadolobha asendulo. Kungcono ukukhuphuka intaba ngemuva kuka-17: 00, lapho ukushisa sekuphelile.
Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu
Ungathola kanjani kusuka eGoa?
Uma ungazi ukuthi ungasuka kanjani ukusuka eNyakatho Goa uye eHampi (India), sebenzisa enye yezindlela ezibalwe.
Ngesitimela
Izivakashi eziningi zithanda isitimela sasebusuku, esinakho konke ohambweni olwanethezekile. Ungayigibela eziteshini ezi-2: iVasco Da Gama (uma uhambela enyakatho yeGoa) naseMargao (uma uvela eningizimu). Isitimela sifika esiteshini saseHospit ngezikhathi zasemini. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuthatha itekisi noma ukuqasha urisho wesithuthuthu. Ithikithi lendlela eyodwa libiza cishe ama- $ 20.
Uhlelo olukhona manje lungabukwa kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Indian Railways www.indianrail.gov.in
Ngebhasi
Amabhasi amaningana ajwayelekile ahamba phakathi kweHampi neGoa, aphethwe izinkampani ezahlukahlukene zokuthutha. Izindiza zisuka eBangalore nasePanaji Central Bus Station (ebusuku ngo-19: 00). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimo ezikahle kakhulu zinikezwa yi-Sleeper Bus, enezitulo ezigoqwayo. Umgwaqo oya emzaneni uthatha okungenani amahora ayi-8. Ithikithi libiza kusuka ku- $ 7 kuye ku- $ 11, kuya ngendiza. Kungcono ukuwathenga kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani noma ngohlelo olukhethekile lweselula. Emahhovisi ezivakashi, amathikithi abiza izikhathi eziphindwe kabili.
Encwadini! Ukwahlulela ngemibono yamalungu esithangami, abaphathi bendawo abathembeke kakhulu yiPaulo Travels.
Emotweni eqashiwe enomshayeli
Ngaphandle kwehaba, le nketho ingabizwa ngokuthi iyabiza kakhulu, ngoba kuzodingeka ukhokhe okungenani u- $ 100 wezimoto nophethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigwaqo yaseGoa imbi kabi, ngakho-ke umgwaqo ovela kwesinye isimo uye kwesinye uzothatha isikhathi eside impela.
Ngohambo oluhleliwe
Uhambo oluhlelekile olusuka eGoa luye eHampi (India) luyindlela elula futhi elula kunazo zonke. Ibhasi elinethezekile elinezivakashi lihamba kusihlwa. Uhambo luthatha cishe amahora ayi-7. Izindleko zohambo, ezisukela ku- $ 80 ziye ku- $ 110, zifaka ukudluliswa, indawo yokuhlala ehhotela elingu-3 *, amathikithi okungena kuwo wonke amasonto, ukudla kwasekuseni kanye nezinsizakalo zomhlahlandlela onolwazi okhuluma isiRussia. Lolu hlelo, olwenzelwe izinsuku ezimbili, lubandakanya nohambo oluya edolobheni lasendulo laseMalyavantu nokuvakashela izakhiwo ezinhle zethempeli ezinikezelwe konkulunkulu baseNdiya.
Ekuseni ngakusasa uzohlangana egqumeni laseMatanga, elinikeza indawo enhle yokubuka indawo yakule ndawo (izithombe eziningi ezinhle zingathathwa entathakusa). Ngemuva kwalokho uzojwayela izikhumbuzo eziningana ezingokwenkolo nezokwakha, ukuhamba nge-bazaar yasendulo, kanye nohambo oluya endlovu nasemnyuziyamu omncane onikezelwe emlandweni woMbuso waseVijayanagar.
Amathiphu awusizo
Ukuvakashela eHampi, eNdiya, hlola izincomo zalabo asebevele bavakashela le ndawo enhle kakhulu:
- Kunamahhotela amaningi amancane emzaneni, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuhlala lapha isikhathi eside, nakanjani ngeke ube nezinkinga ngendlu.
- Izinketho zokuhlala zesabelomali kakhulu zitholakala ebhange elingakwesobunxele laseTungabhadra. Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, kuzodingeka uwele nsuku zonke uye ohlangothini lwesokunene ngesikebhe, esisuka njalo ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15-20, kepha sigijima kuze kushone ilanga.
- Izivakashi eziningi zikhetha ukuhlala eHospet, idolobha elincane elisendaweni eyi-13 km ukusuka eHampi. Lokhu akufanele ukwenza. Okokuqala, ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu ukuya kwelinye kungabiza iphenathi enhle. Okwesibili, uzozincisha ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokulala uvuke kule ndawo esemkhathini.
- Isikhathi esihle sokuvakashela leli dolobhana kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya eNdiya lehla laya ku-25-27 ° C. Uma uza lapha phakathi nehlobo, hamba namanzi amaningi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ufaka isigqoko esikhanyayo - ukuba seduze kwama-monoliths afudunyezwa yilanga kumane kungabekezeleleki.
- Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa i-pano-tuk, chaza ngokushesha ubude bezinsizakalo nentengo. Oorisho bavamise ukukhokhelwa ama- $ 7 ngosuku.
- Lapho uya eHampi, gcina izinto eziningi zokuxosha - ngenxa yokusondela kwamaxhaphozi, kukhona omiyane abaningi lapha.
- Abantu baseNdiya bahlonipha ngokungcwele amasiko okhokho babo futhi banamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni esunguliwe. Ukuze ungoni muntu, ziphathe ngesizotha kakhulu emigwaqweni nasemasontweni.
- Indlela elula kunazo zonke yokuhlola okuhehayo kwasendaweni isithuthuthu. Ukuqasha kanye nophethiloli kuzobiza u- $ 3-3.5. Ngemuva ungabeka umhlahlandlela wasendaweni - uzokukhombisa indlela futhi akuholele ezindaweni ezikhanya kakhulu nezithakazelisa kakhulu.
- Kodwa kungcono ukwenqaba ibhayisikili, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangekho esimweni esihle ngokomzimba. Indawo edolobhaneni inamagquma impela, kunomthunzi omncane wemvelo - kuzoba nzima kakhulu.
- NjengaseNyakatho Goa, awukwazi ukungena emathempelini avulekile eHampi ufake izicathulo zakho - ukuze ungabambi ukhunta, hamba namasokisi akho.
Ukuvakashela okuhehayo okuyinhloko kwedolobha elilahliwe laseHampi: