Ama-nuances wokunakekela i-primrose yegumbi ekhaya nasemgwaqweni - imiyalo eningiliziwe enesithombe
I-Primula isitshalo esihle sokuhlobisa, i-primrose, esijabulisa iso ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-Primrose ikhule kuyo yonke insimu yezwe lethu: lesi sitshalo, yize sinomsuka waseningizimu, sinesizotha futhi sibekezelela kalula amazinga okushisa apholile.
I-primrose ilungele ukulinywa kwasendlini nokulinywa kwengadi. Esihlokweni sizojwayelana nezici ezikhethekile zokunakekela imbali, sithole ukuthi yiziphi izimo lapho i-primrose izokhula kangcono khona, thola amaphuzu asemqoka mayelana nokunisela, ukuthena, ubusika lesi sitshalo.
Incazelo
Inkomba! I-Primula isitshalo somndeni omningi we-primrose. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo - namuhla ososayensi bazi cishe amakhulu amahlanu. Endle, imbali itholakala eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika, ezintabeni ze-Himalaya kanye ne-Alps, e-Asia.
Qaphela ukuthi lesi sitshalo siqala ukujabulisa ubuhle baso esinye sokuqala entwasahlobo - ngokoqobo, ngokushesha, lapho nje iqhwa liyancibilika.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zale mbali emangalisayo, kukhona unyaka nonyaka. Futhi izinhlobonhlobo zemibala yamacembe awo ziyamangalisa nje: cishe yonke imibala yothingo imelwe.
Ama-inflorescence anomumo we-umbellate noma webhulashi, kwesinye isikhathi nawo awodwa. Ngobuhle bayo, ukuhlobisa futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ukungathobeki, i-primrose iyaziswa ngabalimi bezimbali. Sichaze i-primrose ngokuningiliziwe kule ndatshana.
Ukunakekela lesi sitshalo kulula - ngezansi sizokutshela ngawo wonke amaphuzu ngokuningiliziwe.
Izici zokunakekela
Cabanga ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-primrose egumbini ekhaya ebhodweni nangaphandle engadini.
Ekhaya
Ukukhanyisa, umswakama nokushisa
Ngokuqondene nokukhanyisa, i-primrose izozizwa kahle elangeni elikhanyayo. Ngakho-ke, iwindi eliseningizimu lizomfanela ngokuphelele. Qaphela, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ilanga eliqondile lingashisa amacembe entekenteke alesi sitshalo, ngakho-ke ibhodwe kufanele lifakwe emini.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo sizozwa kahle kunoma yiliphi iwindi, noma kunjalo, sizobonisa ukuhlobisa okukhulu kakhulu namazinga okukhula endaweni enelanga.
Izinga lokushisa lomoya egumbini lapho i-primrose ikhula khona akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu. Ebusika, ama-degree + 12-14 alungele imbali, kepha ehlobo angadluli kuma- + 16-20 degrees. Ukuhlinzeka okupholile, hhayi okujwayelekile kwamafulethi ethu, izinga lokushisa, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukugcina i-primrose phakathi kwamafasitela ewindi.
Njengoba endle, isitshalo sihlala sitholakala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi nasenhlabathini emanzi, kufanele futhi sinikezwe nezimo ezifanele ekhaya. Kuyadingeka ukunisela imbali njalo, ukugwema, noma kunjalo, ukungena kwamanzi ngokweqile. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngomswakama owedlulele, izimpande ze-primrose zingabola - kulokhu, sonke isitshalo sizonyamalala.
Isidingo sokunisela kakhulu sichazwa nohlelo olukha phezulu lwezitshalo. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zisondele kakhulu ebusweni bomhlaba, zoma masinyane. Akudingekile ukunisela imbali phezulu: i-primrose ayiyithandi lapho amaconsi amanzi ewela emaqabungeni ayo. Nisela ngqo empandeni.
Lesi sitshalo asidingi ukufafazwa ehlobo nasebusika. Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile, inqubo kufanele yenziwe ngokufafaza imbali ngamanzi avela ebhodleleni le-spray elihlakazeke kahle.
Ukunakwa: lapho isitshalo siqhakaza, asikwazi ukufuthwa. Esikhundleni salokho, beka ibhodwe ku-pallet yamatshe amancane noma ubumba olwandisiwe.
Kunconywa ukuhlanza amaqabunga esitshalo sendlu othulini ngebhulashi elithambile noma i-panicle. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-polish ekhethekile kuleli cala. Kuzoba kuhle futhi ekamelweni le-primrose, uma uqala ukuvula iwindi noma iwindi egumbini kaningi.
Isitshalo esisemoyeni omusha sizwa sikhulu, sikhula ngokushesha, asithinteki kangako izifo.
Inhlabathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukukhetha ibhodwe
Ukuze i-primrose izwe kahle futhi iqhakaze kahle, inhlabathi eyidingayo ivulekile futhi inomswakama. Ungathenga i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo esitolo, noma wenze ingxube oyifunayo ngokwakho.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomhlaba onamaqabunga kanye ne-peat exutshwe nesihlabathi somfula esihlanzekile. Ingxenye yokugcina kufanele ibe cishe uhhafu wosayizi ngamunye wokuqala.
Baqala ukondla i-primrose kusukela lapho kuvela khona amaqabunga okuqala - bese beqhubeka nokwenza umanyolo owengeziwe uze uqhakaze ngokuphelele.
Akufanele usebenzise umanyolo omningi we-nitrogen ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwe-primrose, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwamahlamvu, ngenkathi ukuqhakaza uqobo kungenzeki nhlobo.
Isixazululo sezakhi se-primrose yakusihlwa kufanele sigxilwe kancane. Uma uthenga izakhiwo ezenziwe ngomumo, bese uzihlanza ngamanzi ngevolumu enkulu kunaleyo ekhonjisiwe kwiphakheji.
Engadini
Ungasithena nini isihlahla?
Le nqubo ivame ukwenziwa entwasahlobo. Ukuze i-primrose ijabulise ngezimbali eziningi nokuhle, impilo eqinile, zonke iziqu ezibuthakathaka, ezifile, ezomisiwe namaqabunga kufanele zisuswe esitshalweni.
Okubalulekile: ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha, zonke izimbali zivame ukunqunywa kusuka ku-primrose ukuze kutholakale izimbali eziningi futhi ezichumayo esikhathini esizayo.
Kuhlukaniswa amasokhethi isikhathi esingakanani futhi kanjani?
Le nqubo isetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezingapheli ze-primrose. Lapho isitshalo sesihlale engadini efanayo iminyaka eminingana ilandelana, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sikhula ngamandla. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-rosettes wezimbali avela, angabonakali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esivandeni, kunezakhi ezimbalwa zomsoco kancane kancane, lesi sitshalo siqala ukuba sibi kakhulu, umphumela waso wokuhlobisa uyehla.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganyela njalo ezitolo kuyisidingo kuleli cala. Abanye abalimi, ngentshiseko ekhethekile yebhizinisi abalithandayo, bahlukanisa futhi bafakele i-primrose minyaka yonke. Kepha kukonke, ngokukhula okujwayelekile, ukukhula nokuqhakaza, kwanele ukwenza inqubo njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Ukuze uhlukanise kahle amasokhethi uphinde utshale izitshalo, kuyadingeka ukunisela isihlahla kakhulu, bese usikhipha, uhlanze izimpande zomhlaba, bese uhlukanisa izingxenye ezimbili kuya kwezi-2-3.
Izingxenye ngazinye kufanele zibe nocezu lwempande olunokuhluma okungenani kokuqala okukodwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwahlukana ngeke kuphakame. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezitolo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Inhlabathi yengadi, ukuchelela nokufaka umquba
Okuhle kunakho konke, i-primrose yensimu izozizwa ohlangothini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga noma entshonalanga yensimu: lapha izonikezwa ngokukhanyisa okuhle, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphola. Lesi sitshalo sizokhula siqhakaze kahle kakhulu emthunzini wezihlahla ezisakazekayo.
Ukushisa kakhulu nemisebe eqondile yelanga kungaholela nasekufeni kwesitshalo.
Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi, kufanele ivuleke futhi ibe nomsoco ngokulinganisela. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhulula umbhede okhuleni ngesikhathi.
Ukunisela i-primrose engadini kuyadingeka kaningi, kepha hhayi ukukhukhula. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, phinda kabili imvamisa nevolumu yokuchelela. Ngemuva kwenqubo yokumanzisa, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ukuze inikeze isitshalo izimo ezifanele.
Kufanele uqale ukondla i-primrose yakho yensimu kusukela lapho kwakhiwa amaqabunga okuqala, bese uqeda lapho izitshalo seziphelile. Sebenzisa izakhiwo zamaminerali ukufaka umquba - kepha ekugxileni okubuthakathaka kunalokho okukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji. Imvamisa yokukhulelwa iphindwe kabili ngenyanga.
Ukunakekelwa kwekwindla
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kunakekelwa kuphela ama-primroses angapheli. Kusobala ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi imbali isilahle amacembe ayo, awukho umqondo wokunakekela owonyaka.
Kunconywa ukwandisa kancane ukuchelela kwe-primrose ekwindla ukuze isitshalo sikwazi ukwakha imbewu engcono futhi enkulu. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, i-primrose iqala ukukhula, ngakho-ke ngalesi sikhathi kufanele yondliwe ngomanyolo we-potash kanye ne-phosphorus.
Inkomba! Le nqubo izoqinisekisa ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwezihlahla esikhathini esizayo sokukhula, ukuvuthwa kwezimbali eziningi ezintsha.
Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda ngokunakekelwa kwezitshalo nokufakelwa kabusha ekwindla, khona-ke siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde le ndatshana.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukunisela kahle lezo zitolo ezihlukanisiwe futhi zitshalwe kabusha. Ukunisela kufanele kube nsuku zonke ngaphambi nje kobusika, kepha kungabi buningi kakhulu.
Isitolo asinqanyulwa ngaphambi kwamakhaza - ebusika sizokwenza umsebenzi wokuvikela i-rhizome ekubandeni. Ukuhlinzeka lesi sitshalo ngezimo zobusika ezikhululeke kakhudlwana, Kunconywa ukufafaza isihlahla nge-humus eceleni kombuthano wezimpande: ukukhulelwa nokuvikelwa eqhweni.
Qaphela ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile ze-primrose zidinga ukulungiswa okucatshangelwe kakhudlwana futhi okucabangayo ebusika. Izihlahla zezinhlobo ezintekenteke zimbozwe ngamaqabunga awile kanye ne-agrofibre ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ama-primroses e-Hybrid abucayi ikakhulukazi - kunconywa ukuthi uwadlulisele emabhokisini asebusika bese uwahambisa egumbini lokugcina. Ungathola yonke imininingwane yokuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ubusika kwenye indatshana.
Izici zasebusika
Ukuze isitshalo sidlulele ngaphezulu ngokuphepha, kufanele sibe sezingeni lokushisa elingeqile ngaphansi kuka +14 degrees. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo (i-hybrid) zingamelana namazinga okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka- +16 degrees.
Ukunisela ebusika kufanele kube njalo: Kunconywa ukwenza inqubo kuphela lapho i-substrate engenhla yomile ngokusobala. Imvamisa icishe ibe kanye ngesonto.
Inqubo yokukhula nokutshala
I-primrose idinga ukutshalwa cishe kanye ngonyaka, kaningi nangaphansi kakhulu. Kunconywa ukuthi utshale kabusha lapho izitshalo ziba mnandi, futhi ziminyene kakhulu embizeni noma embhedeni wensimu.
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi, ingxube kufanele ibe esezingeni: i-turf, umhlaba onamaqabunga, isihlabathi. Uma imbali ikhula ebhodweni, bhekela amanzi amahle kusengaphambili (okungenani ama-2 cm).
Okubalulekile: Kunconywa ukutshala kuphela ngemuva kokuthi i-primrose isiphelile. Ukuze ungaphazamisi izinqubo zemvelo zohlaza lwazo.
Ungathola yonke imithetho yokutshala nokukhula kwama-primroses lapha.
Isithombe
Esithombeni esingezansi ungazijwayeza inqubo yokunakekela igumbi lokuqala.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Lesi sitshalo singenwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene, ezivame ukuvela ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele. Okulandelayo, sizothola ukuthi yiziphi izifo nezinambuzane i-primrose ethinteka kuzo ezimweni eziningi.
Phakathi kwezifo kukhona okulandelayo:
- i-anthractosis;
- isikhutha esiyimpuphu;
- i-jaundice;
- ikhukhamba KaMose;
- ukubuna okubonakalayo.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane, i-primrose izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinambuzane zithinteka kakhulu:
- i-nematode (kokubili iqabunga nenyongo);
- weevil;
- isicabucabu
- i-aphid.
Izicabucabu nezintwala zihlasela imbali lapho isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo. Ukubhekana nalezi zinambuzane eziyingozi, fafaza i-primrose yakho ngesibulali zinambuzane esifanele.
Okuyingozi kakhulu ku-primrose ukubona imvelo yefungal. Lesi sifo sivame ukuthinta isitshalo entwasahlobo, futhi ungasibona ngamabala ayindilinga akhanyayo avela emaqabungeni.
Uma singelashwa, lesi sifo singabhubhisa sonke isitshalo. Futhi uma i-primrose ikhula ensimini, izungezwe uhlobo lwayo, khona-ke amakhowe angasakazeka ezimbalini ezingomakhelwane.
Ukubhekana namabala, amaqabunga athintekile ayasuswa (noma, uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, sonke isitshalo). Ngemuva kwalokho, wonke umbhede kufanele ufafazwe nge-topsin noma i-solutionol solution.
Isifo esifana nokubola okumpunga naso sithinta imbali. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuchelela ngokweqile. Ukuqeda ukubola okuyingozi, inani lomswakama kufanele lehliswe futhi nembali kufanele ifuthwe nge-fungicide efanelekile.
Uma amaqabunga embali eqala ukuphuzi, noma amaqabunga ewa, isizathu kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yomoya omile kakhulu ekamelweni noma izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-primrose ikhetha isimo sezulu esipholile. Ukubhekana nezinkinga ezivelayo, ibhodwe kufanele likhishwe liyiswe endaweni epholile, nembali nayo kufanele iniselwe kahle.
Okubalulekile: uma izimbali ziqala ukubuna ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokoqobo, ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi sokuqhakaza kahle, isizathu ukushisa okuphezulu komoya. I-Primrose idinga indawo epholile ukuze iqhume ngempumelelo.
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokutshala lesi sitshalo endaweni yakho, khona-ke kufanele ufunde kusengaphambili zonke izici zokutshala i-primrose, kufaka phakathi imbewu. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ngokunakekelwa kwembali okulandelayo, okungenye yezokuqala ukukujabulisa ngezimbali zayo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Sibheke ividiyo mayelana ne-primrose nokunakekela le mbali:
Isiphetho
Sifunde ukunakekelwa kwe-primrose ekhula kokubili engadini nasekhaya efasiteleni. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lesi sitshalo asisihle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngeke sidale inkinga enkulu. Kepha kuzodala imizwa eminingi emnandi nenjabulo ngezimbali zayo ezinhle zokuhlobisa.