Ukunakekela i-begonia ehlala iqhakaza: ungasitshala kanjani isitshalo se-herbaceous ngaphakathi nangaphandle?
Izitshalo zalolu hlobo zibizwa ngokuthi "zihlale ziqhakaza" noma "ziqhakaza njalo", kanti ama-begonias aphila ngokuvumelana nala magama.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, inqubo yokwakheka kwezimbali ihlala unyaka wonke.
Lezi zimbali zihluke kakhulu ngombala wazo, ukuma kwamaqabunga nezimbali ukuthi umuntu owamangaza okokuqala ngeke aqonde ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinye futhi esifanayo.
ENgilandi, imbali ibizwa ngokuthi "i-wax begonia", ngenxa yokukhanya okuhlukile kwamahlamvu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-begonia yokuqhakaza yokuhlobisa yabonwa eBerlin, engadini yezitshalo. Walethwa lapho evela eBrazil ngo-1821. Kusukela ngalolu suku, ukutshalwa kwesitshalo kwaqala. Kamuva, ngokulandelana, kwavela izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid. Kuyabazeka abalimi eDenmark naseFrance banikele "ekwenziweni ngcono" kwe-begonia.
Izinhlobo eziningi ezifuyiwe ngaleso sikhathi zithola ukusetshenziswa kwazo namuhla. Isibonelo, i-begonia kaPhilip enezimbali ezibomvana isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imingcele, futhi izinhlobo ezinde ze-begonias zisetshenziselwa ukuhlelwa komhlaba emadolobheni. Okwamanje, isayensi yazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-600 zezimbali ze-begonia. Isitshalo esihlala siqhakaza siyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi. Izinhlobo eziningi zisetshenzisiwe enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
Lesi sitshalo sihlahla, singama-40 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga anokukhanya okungacwebezeli okungavamile, imibala yawo ihlukile, kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya ku-burgundy, nsundu. Amahlamvu ayindilinga futhi ayalingana.
Izimbali zincane ububanzi, kodwa ziningi. Umbala umhlophe, uphuzi, owolintshi, ibhilikosi, upinki, ubomvu, ubomvu. Ukuma kufana ne-inflorescence yama-peonies, ama-roses. Ama-inflorescence anokuthungwa okuphindwe kabili nelula.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Izimbali ze-begonia ze-begonia zinezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene., ehluke ngombala, ukuma kwamaqabunga nezimbali, ubude bezimbali, ubukhulu bayo bonke. Ngokuphathelene nepharamitha yokugcina, izitshalo zihlukaniswa ngobude:
- Izinhlobo ezikhula kancane "Albert Martin", "Bicola", "Bella".
- Usayizi ophakathi "Karmen", "Othello".
- Omude "Alba", "uKathe Teisher".
U-Albert Martin:
I-Bicola:
UBella:
UKarmen:
I-Othello:
I-Alba:
UKathe Teisher:
Ngokwehlukana, ngithanda ukugqamisa izinhlobonhlobo ze-terry begonia ehlale iqhakaza. Iheha ukunakwa okukhethekile, bathi lesi sitshalo sinikezwe izici zemilingo. Ngaphandle I-terry begonia iyi-semi-shrub enenani elikhulu lamaqabunga aqoshiwe.
Izimbali zi-rosy, zinezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ze-shades. Umngcele okhethekile we-terry ngasentabeni, ngenxa yokuthi i-begonia yathola igama elinjalo, liyenza ibucayi futhi ngasikhathi sinye inikeze ubuntu obuthile. UTerry begonias naye uyathandwa ngabaqambi bemvelo, imvamisa bengeza ekuhlelweni kwembali bese beyinikeza "indima ephambili". Ungathola okuningi mayelana nokuthi yini i-terry begonia, ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nokutshala nokunakekela ekhaya.
Isithombe
Isithombe esivamile ne-terry begonia esikhule ekhaya sivezwa ngezansi.
Okuvamile:
Makhovaya:
Imithetho yokunakekela
Izinhlobo zezimbali ezihlobisayo zitshalwa ekhaya nasensimini evulekile. Amapharamitha athile abalulekile endaweni ngayinye.
Izitshalo zasendlini
Badinga ukuthobela le mibuso elandelayo:
Ithempelesha
Ukuqhakaza kwe-begonia, nazo zonke izinzuzo zayo, kunengozi - i-thermophilicity. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni kufanele libe phakathi kuka-20-24 ° С. Ebusika, imingcele edingekayo ingu-18-20 ° С. Okusalungiswa kufanele futhi kukhishwe, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somoya. Izinga lokushisa elingu- + 16 ° C lithathwa njengelingathandeki embalini.
Okubalulekile! Isihlahla sesitshalo kufanele sigcinwe ekushiseni ngokweqile, nezimpande kusuka ku-hypothermia.
Shine
Izinhlobo eziyizimbali zaphakade zibekezelela kalula ihlobo, ukushisa. Ukuba khona kokukhanya okukhanyayo kubalulekile kubo. Noma kunjalo, qinisekisa ukusakazwa komoya okuhle ekamelweni. Ngokuqukethwe okunethezekile, I-begonias kufanele ibekwe emafasiteleni abheke empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Ngokusho kwabalimi abaningi, ama-begonia anele amahora angama-8 emini ukuze athuthuke ngokugcwele.
Ukunakekelwa kufanele kunikezwe ekubukeni kwesitshalo, ngokungabikho kokukhanya, umbala wembali uba mncane, futhi ama-inflorescence mancane. Ngakho-ke, lapho ushintsha ukubukeka kwembali, kungadingeka ukuxhuma ukukhanya okwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi ebusika.
Umswakama
IBegonia, yize ikhuliswe esimweni sezulu esipholile, kanti okhokho bayo bavela emazweni angajwayelekile, lapho isimo sezulu sishisa futhi sinomswakama impela. Ngakho-ke ngomoya owomile ngaphakathi, isitshalo siqala ukubuna, amaqabunga omile.
Umkhawulo omncane womswakama ekamelweni kufanele ugcinwe kuma-60%. Ungafafazi amaqabunga ngamanzi.
Izidingo zenhlabathi nezokutshala
Ekuqaleni konyaka ngamunye, ngaphambi kwesigaba sokukhula okusebenzayo, i-begonia itshalwa kabusha. Ngasikhathi sinye, uyasikwa futhi atshalwe enhlabathini enothiswe ngamaminerali. Ngemuva kwalokho, zondliwa njalo, ziniselwa kakhulu futhi zigcinwa efasiteleni elikhanyayo. Ukulungisa inhlabathi, thatha izingxenye ezilinganayo zesoyi, inhlabathi enamanzi nesihlabathi.
Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zesikhunta ezethulwe ngomhlabathi, ingxenye ngayinye kufanele ibalwe imizuzu engama-30. I-Perlite noma i-vermiculite isebenza kahle njenge-powder yokubhaka..
Ungakhohlwa ngongqimba wamanzi, ongagcina izitshalo uma kwenzeka kunamanzi amaningi. Kukhethwa ama-begonias amancane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lesi sitshalo sinohlelo lwempande olungathuthuki kahle, olungahlanganisi isikhala esilungiselelwe sona. Ibhodwe elisha kufanele libe likhulu ngo-1-2 cm kunelidala.
Imininingwane eminingi yokuthi i-begonia ehlala njalo iqhakaza futhi iyinakekela kanjani ekhaya nasensimini evulekile ingatholakala lapha.
Ukunisela
Lesi sitshalo asidingi ukuchelela okunamandla. Ehlobo, udinga ukunisela lapho inhlabathi embizeni yezimbali imbozwe uqweqwe olomile. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze umswakama owedlulele ungangeni emaqabungeni. Ngokweqile oketshezi, inqubo yokubola iqala. Amanzi okunisela kufanele athambile, ahlanzeke, angenakho ukungcola nosawoti.
Lesi sitshalo sine-thermophilic kangangokuba kufanele siniselwe ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Esinye sezimo zokunakekelwa okunengqondo umsoco wesitshalo ngezinto eziwusizo. Ukuqhakaza kwama-begonias njalo kudinga ukondliwa, ngoba kusebenzisa amandla amaningi ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwehlumela nokuziqhakaza uqobo. Okwamanje, umanyolo wamaminerali onamandla we-potassium ne-phosphorus uyadingeka.
Ubusika abufakwa ngaphandle. Kukhona umanyolo okhethekile wezimbali zasebusika ezithengiswayo. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula, amaminerali ayinkimbinkimbi kufanele engezwe.
Umanyolo kufanele ukhethwe ngezinhlobo zezimbali zokuhlobisa. Amalungiselelo "iZircon", "Master for izimbali eziqhakazayo", "Epin" awamabi. Okubalulekile. Ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo, inhlabathi kumele ifakwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimpande zembali zingathola ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali.
Enkundleni evulekile
Isitshalo se-herbaceous begonia sikhuliswa ngaphandle emgwaqweni. Imbali izozizwa ikhululekile emthunzini wezihlahla noma izihlahla... Kepha noma endaweni evulekile, imibhede yezimbali izokhombisa izimfanelo zabo zokuhlobisa kahle, abalimi abayithokozelayo. Inhlabathi ikhetha ukukhululeka, ukuphefumula, hhayi okumuncu. Kudingeka ukuchelela okulingene, futhi ehlobo elishisayo kuyadingeka ukuthambisa nsuku zonke.
Ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukuyondla njalo emavikini amabili ngomanyolo wezimbiwa kanye nemvelo. Endle, ukhula lungaphazamisa ukukhula okugcwele. Zidinga ukukhishwa njalo futhi zikhululwe eduze nezimbali.
Okubalulekile! I-Begonia yesaba isimo sezulu esibandayo, ngisho neqhwa elincane liyamlimaza, ngakho-ke, lapho kuqala ukwindla, lesi sitshalo kufanele sidluliselwe egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyayo.
Ukuzala
Ama-hybrids alokhu okuhlukahlukene ngezimbali ezilula, ezibushelelezi asakazwa yimbewu.... Izimbewu zincane impela, ngakho-ke ungazixuba nesihlabathi bese uhlwanyela. Inqubo yokuhlwanyela uqobo kufanele iqale ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa esitsheni enenhlabathi eshisiwe. Bese uthambisa kancane, umboza ngengilazi noma ifilimu esobala. Ekushiseni okungama-22-24 ° C, izithombo zizovela emavikini angu-2-3.
Zikhula kancane ekuqaleni, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngokushesha. Ukusheshisa inqubo yentuthuko, kungcono ukwengeza izithombo. Amahlumela amancane atshalwa emhlabathini ekupheleni kweqhwa lasebusuku, lapho lizohlala lifudumele njalo. Cishe amasonto ayi-18-20 ngemuva kokuhluma, lesi sitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza.
Enye indlela yokuzalanisa i-begonias ukusika. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesigaba sokukhula, ama-begonias ayanqunywa. Izimpande zokudubula ziphathwa ngezidakamizwa ukuvuselela ukwakheka kwezimpande, okuzosheshisa ukukhula kwezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho zifakwa emanzini noma emhlabathini.
Kuyafaneleka ukuhlinzeka ukusika ngomphumela wokushisa okushisa. Kufanele babe segumbini lomzimba elinamazinga okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka + 20 ° C. Lapho izimpande zichanyuselwa, isitshalo singatshalwelwa ezimbizeni.
Ungathola okuningi mayelana nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-begonia ehlala njalo kanye nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwembali lapha.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Noma yimuphi umhloli wezimbali uyazi ukuthi ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka, imbali idinga iso neso, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ube senkingeni. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu izimo ezingalungile zesitshalo.
Amathiphu omile kuqala, bese kuba ishidi lonke - ama-begonia angenawo umswakama owanele enhlabathini nasemoyeni. Kuyafaneleka ukusungula ukuchelela okuvamile nokuthambisa igumbi.
- Umbala onsundu, amahlumela afinyelela ekukhanyeni khombisa ukungabi khona kwelanga.
- Uma ama-curls amahlamvu bese eba mnyamaLokhu kusho ukuthi ama-begonias entula izakhamzimba.
- Ukubola kohlelo lwempande, isiqu, amaqabunga ukhuluma ngokweqile komswakama, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sefungal, ukubola okumpunga. Ukulwa nalesi simo, sebenzisa izixazululo ezikhethekile ze-fungicides, kanye ne-1% Bordeaux liquid.
- Indawo yebhaktheriya - lesi sifo siyingozi begonias. Lesi sitshalo simbozwa izindawo ezinamanzi, ngokushesha eziba nsundu, kuthi ama-inflorescence namahlumela abe mnyama. Ukwelapha ukugula okunjalo, inhlabathi iphathwa ngamagciwane.
- Umswakama ophezulu nokuntuleka okuphelele komoya kubangele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-powdery isikhutha, esibonakala ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe emaqabunga e-begonia. Uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ngesikhathi, isitshalo, siqala emaqabungeni, siyoma. Ngenhlanhla efanayo, nabo baphathwa ngosizo lwe-fungicides.
Izinambuzane ezinjenge-aphid kanye nezibucabu zingadala izinkinga ezingaphansi kwe-begonias.... Ziphila ngokudla ubisi lwesitshalo. Izinambuzane zitholakala ngemuva kweqabunga. Ungasusa ngokwelapha amahlamvu ngesisombululo sensipho kagwayi noma i-chamomile. Futhi ikhambi elisebenzayo lokulwa nazo ngamalungiselelo okubulala izinambuzane. Yenza izinqubo zokususa izinambuzane eziyingozi zize zinyamalale ngokuphelele.
Ama-begonias anamaqabunga okuhlobisa ayizitshalo ezinhle. Yinye kuphela into ecasulayo - ayisiyo impilo ende. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana, lesi sitshalo silahlekelwa yimpahla yaso yokuhlobisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imbali kufanele ivuselelwe njalo, futhi ungesabi ukuphindaphindeka. Futhi-ke, i-begonia izothokoza ngobuhle bayo obungenakuqhathaniswa.