Ukwakheka okuhle kwenhlabathi yama-orchid kanye nemiyalo yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani

Ukuthandwa kwe-orchid ezweni lethu akunakuphikwa. Bayamthanda ngobuhle bezimbali, ukubukeka okungajwayelekile, okungajwayelekile.

Kepha ngakho konke lokhu, lesi sitshalo siyinto enhle kakhulu kumapharamitha wokuqukethwe. Lowo kuphela umhlabathi wokutshala.

Ukwakheka, izakhiwo, izici kuhluke kakhulu kunhlabathi ejwayelekile yobumba yezimbali.

Esihlokweni, sizobheka ukuthi hlobo luni lomhlabathi oludingekayo lwama-orchid, ukuthi ungalukhetha kanjani esitolo bese uzilungiselela lona kusuka kugxolo lukaphayini nezinye izithako.

Ukubaluleka kwenhlabathi efanele

Akuseyona imfihlo ukuthi amahlathi emvula angangeneki abhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yama-orchid. Zikhetha iziqu zemithi emikhulu njengendawo yokuhlala. Ukunamathela kokungahambi kahle nokuvela kweziqu zemithi ngezimpande zasemoyeni, kukhipha izakhamzimba nomswakama. Lokhu kuchazwa kwesitshalo kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa inhlabathi.

I-substrate ekhethwe ngokufanele iyisihluthulelo sokutshala impilo. Akufanele usebenzise inhlabathi ejwayelekile njengenhlabathi yezitshalo ezingaphandle. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uhlelo lwempande, olujwayele ukukhanya, kufanele lushaywe ngokukhululekile ngomoya futhi lubambe iqhaza kunqubo ye-photosynthesis. Futhi umhlaba osindayo uzoba uhlobo lokucindezela izimpande. Kunzima ukuthi imbali exotic ikhule ezimeni ezinjalo. Izimo ezikhulayo ezingathandeki zingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu nasezifweni ze-orchid.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukutshala i-orchid enhlabathini ejwayelekile lapha, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-substrate yembali kusuka kulokhu okubalulekile.

Ukuziphekela

Abalimi be-orchid be-Novice bathenga kuphela i-orchid substrate eyenziwe ngomumo ezitolo zensimu. Kepha abalimi abanolwazi asebelime izimbali isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, bakholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukuzilungisela umhlabathi ngokwakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-substrate elungiselelwe ngokwakho inezinzuzo eziningi:

• izindleko eziphansi;
• ikhwalithi efakazelwe yezingxenye;
• ukwenziwa okulula;
• ukukhethwa ngakunye kwezinto ezihambelana nebanga;
• ukudweba izilinganiso ezidingekayo.

Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini engcono, i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo noma eyodwa oyilungiselele wedwa, kanye nokwakheka kwenhlabathi, lapha.

Isitolo substrate

Imakethe yezingxube zenhlabathi ye-orchid ichichima okunikezwayo okuvela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, nemikhiqizo ephathelene nayo inikela ngamaphakethe akhanyayo, ahehayo anekhwalithi yomkhiqizo omubi.

Okubalulekile! Iningi lama-substrates aqediwe aqukethe inani elikhulu le-peat nothuli lomhlabathi, futhi amagxolo amancane kakhulu. Lesi silinganiso sezingxenye sithinta kabi ukukhula nokuqhakaza kwesitshalo.

Ungafunda kabanzi ngabakhiqizi abadumile bomhlabathi we-orchid lapha.

Izingxenye zenhlabathi eziphoqelekile nezingeziwe

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhetha ukuxubana kwe-potting yama-orchid asendlini ziyefana. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nalezi zimfanelo ezilandelayo:

1. ukuphefumula;
2. ukuxegisa;
3. lula;
4. ukuntuleka kwezakhiwo ezinobuthi;
5. ube nezindawo ezinhle zokuhambisa amanzi;
6. i-asidi eyiyo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-substrate ivuselelwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu, ngakho-ke kufanele ithuthukiswe ngezinto zokulandela amaminerali. Amagxolo kaphayini, ubulembu, umlotha wokhuni, izimpande ze-fern yizinto eziyingxenye yenhlanganisela yenhlabathi yezitshalo ezingaphandle. Yile nto yokwakheka kwezinto zemvelo ezithathwa njengesisekelo sokulungiswa kwe-substrate.

Futhi izithako ezengeziwe zengezwa kwizithako eziyinhloko, ezingabalulekile kangako, phakathi kwazo:

• igobolondo le-walnut;
• ukhukhunathi fibre;
• izingxenye zikaphayini izigaxa;
• humus;
• umhlanga;
• umhlaba onqabile futhi opholile;
• amaqabunga omile.

Izinto ezingaphili:

1. ama-granules obumba anwetshiwe;
2. i-perlite;
3. i-vermiculite;
4. i-polystyrene;
5. uvolo wamaminerali;
6. irabha legwebu;
7. amatshe.

Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa njengamanzi.

Ukulungiswa kwezithako

Cabanga ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi ngezandla zakho. Izakhi ze-Organic zokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi kulula ukuzithola emvelweni... Ngasikhathi sinye, awudingi ukuya kude, konke kusizungezile.

1. Amagxolo kaphayini. Kuyisithako esiyisisekelo esitholakala kalula ehlathini likaphayini, ezihlahleni ezigawulwayo. Kungcono ukuthatha amagxolo ngokuqukethwe okuncane kwe-resin. Yomile njalo. Amagxolo e-birch, i-spruce, i-oki nawo afanelekile.
2. I-sphagnum kaMoss. Iphinde ivunwe emahlathini, entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuba iqhwa selincibilike ngokuphelele. I-Moss ivela ezindaweni eziphansi lapho amanzi ancibilika khona. Iphethe izakhiwo ze-bactericidal, ezimunca umswakama. Sebenzisa okusha nokomile.
3. Izimpande zikaFernequkethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo nezinto zokulandela umkhondo. Zikhula ezindaweni ezingamahlathi.
4. Amalahle kulula ukuthola izingodo ezincane zanoma iziphi izinhlobo zezihlahla emlotheni noma zishiswe esigxotsheni. Le ngxenye isebenza njenge-antiseptic ne-sorbent.
5. Izigaxa nomhlaba. Emahlathini e-coniferous, kulula ukuthola izigaxa eziwile, ezomile. Izikali zabo zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-substrate, zingashintsha igxolo likaphayini. Inhlabathi evundile ikhishwa kuphela ngaphansi kocingo lwezinaliti.
6. Amahlamvu kanye nenhlabathi enqabayo. Kwesinye isikhathi amahlamvu omile afakwa ku-substrate kwezinye izinhlobo zama-orchid. Amaqabunga enza i-microflora eyingqayizivele ebhodweni, ngaleyo ndlela evikela isitshalo ezifweni nasezikhuntwini. Zitholakala kanye nenhlabathi emahlathini ahlabayo.

Akuzona zonke izinto ezivela kuhlu olungenhla ezingatholakala kwimvelo. Izinto zokwenziwa kufanele zithengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile.

• Ama-granules obumba anwetshiwe. Le nto ilula, inesibindi, ayibizi, futhi iyayilimaza imvelo. Isetshenziswa njenge-drainage noma njengengxenye eyinhloko. Kuthengiswa eminyangweni ngezinto zokwakha.
• Chips kakhukhunathi, imicu. Izakhi zithengwa ezitolo zezingadi, zipakishwe ngokwehlukana futhi zifakwa isibulali magciwane.
• I-Styrofoam. Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuqaqa inhlabathi, kanye nezingxenyana ezinkulu zisetshenziswa njenge-drainage. Izinto zingenamakhemikhali, zilula. Ungayithenga ezitolo zehardware.
• I-Perlite, i-vermiculite, i-foam yerabha, igravel - izingxenye zokukhulula inhlabathi. Kutholakala eminyangweni efanayo yezinto zokwakha.

Ungazibuyisela kanjani izithako zemvelo?

Isisekelo se-substrate sama-orchid siyizinto eziphilayo. Kepha uma kunesidingo, zingathathelwa indawo ingxenye ngezenziwe zokufakelwa.

1. Esikhundleni segxolo faka isihlabathi somfula, ishidi lomhlaba, nezicucu zegwebu.
2. Ubuthi - i-polystyrene, i-foam iraba, i-hydrogel.
3. Faka i-carbon eyenziwe yasebenza esikhundleni somlotha.
4. Sebenzisa i-perlite, i-gravel, izitini zezitini, itshe elichoboziwe, i-perlite, izinto zokwenza ukhokho njengolwelwesi lwamanzi kanye nama-ejenti wokuqaqa.

Ukuhluka ekubunjweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene

Inkomba! Abamele ama-orchid, etshalwa ekhaya, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: i-epiphytic kanye ne-terrestrial. Ahluke nje kuphela ngegama, ukubukeka, kodwa futhi nasemvelweni okhulayo.

Ngakho-ke, isitshalo esingaphansi komhlaba sinokuhlukahluka okuningi.

Ama-orchid aphikisayo afaka izinhlobo:

1. i-dendrobium;
2. izinkomo;
3. ama-lycasts;
4. phalaenopsis;
5. cambria;
6. i-zygopetalum;
7. umabhebhana.

Ezitshalweni ezinjalo, inhlabathi ibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni indawo emi mpo, bese kuphela ukondla nokuthola umswakama onika impilo. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-epiphyte awadingi mhlaba, i-substrate engenamhlabathi yanele... Izinketho Ukuxuba:

• Ingxenye eyodwa yamalahle nezingxenye ezi-5 zamagxolo.
• Izingxenye ezi-5 zamagxolo ompayini, izingxenye ezi-2 zobulembu, ½ ingxenye yomlotha wokhuni, ½ ingxenye yamahlamvu omile.
• Izingxenye ezimbili ze-sphagnum moss, 1 ingxenye yomlotha nezingxenye ezi-5 zama-bark chips.
• Izingxenye ezi-3 zamagxolo, izingxenye ezintathu zikakhokho, ingxenye eyi-peat, ingxenye engu-1 moss, ingxenye eyodwa yomlotha.

Ama-orchid asemhlabeni: i-cymbidium ne-pafiopedilum, edinga ukwanda kokudla okunomsoco... Izinto ezilandelayo zenhlabathi ezifana ne-pine bark, i-wood ash, i-moss, i-peat ziyazilungela. Hlanganisa izindlela zokupheka:

• 1 ingxenye ye-peat, i-pine bark, i-moss, ubumba olwandisiwe, umlotha.
• Izingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi enamaqabunga ne-humus, izingxenye ezimbili zezimpande ze-fern, ingxenye eyodwa ye-peat nesihlabathi somfula omhlophe.
• 1 ingxenye yamaqabunga omile, ubulembu, isihlabathi, izingxenye ezimbili zezimpande zefern, izingxenye ezintathu zenhlabathi enamaqabunga.
• Izingxenye ezintathu zomhlaba onamaqabunga, ingxenye eyodwa yegxolo likaphayini, i-peat, i-moss.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yezikhala

Ukuze wonge isabelomali somndeni abalimi baqoqa izithako ze-substrate futhi benze izinto ezizosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo:

1. Ingxenye yokudla iMoss - i-sphagnum moss ikhula ezindaweni ezinexhaphozi. Isetshenziswe yomile futhi imanzi. Kunconywa ukuba womise ubulembu ngomthunzi oyingxenye, uwupakishe ezikhwameni ezihlukile bese ugcina endaweni emnyama. I-Moss igcinwa imanzi efrijini kumaphakeji ngamanye.
2. Amalahle avela emlilweni kufanele aqoqwe, agezwe kahle futhi aqotshwe abe ngu-3-4 cm. Amalahle ayimpuphu asetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane ezingxenyeni zezitshalo. Kunconywa ukugcina ezikhwameni zepulasitiki endaweni epholile.
3. Amagxolo ephayini kufanele omile, kodwa angaboli. Kuhle ukuthatha amagxolo esihlahleni esike sagawulwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka owodwa. Usebenzisa ukusika izihlahla, sika usayizi ka-3-4 cm.
4. I-fern imbiwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kwamafomu amahlamvu noma ekwindla sekwephuzile lapho amaqabunga asevele omile. Izimpande zomiswe kahle, zinqunywe zibe yizicucu. Okokusebenza kugcinwa endaweni emnyama, kwiphakheji evaliwe.

Okubalulekile! Zonke izithako eziqoqwe ehlathini lenhlanganisela yesikhathi esizayo kumele zihlanzwe. Izigaxa, umlotha wokhuni uthelwa ngamanzi abilayo, bese ufakwa emanzini apholile. Amagxolo amasha, ompayini ayelulekwa ukuba afudumeze kuhhavini ngezinga lokushisa elincane kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu.

Inqubo enjalo yenziwa ukuze kususwe izinambuzane eziyingozi, futhi kwandiswe ikhono lokumunca umswakama.

Imiyalo yokuthi ungenza kanjani i-substrate ngokwakho ekhaya

Incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo izosusa ukuxabana namaphutha angenasidingo. Kubalulekile ukulandela ukulandelana.

1. Hlanganisa zonke izithako ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini, kuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo, ngokusho kwezindlela zokupheka ezinikezwe ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, isimo senhlabathi nembali kufanele sihlolwe njalo futhi silungiswe.

   Uma umswakama osembizeni ungagxili isikhathi eside, inhlabathi yoma kabi, kuyilapho isitshalo kusobala ukuthi asikho ntofontofo. Ngakho-ke udinga ukufaka amagxolo namalahle.

   Noma isimo siphambene, i-substrate ngokushesha iyoma, umswakama awanele. Amaqabunga e-Orchid ancipha, ajike aphuzi, izimpande zomoya zome. Lesi yisiginali yokwengeza izimpande zobulembu nobumsundu.

2. Zonke izingxenye zixutshwe ngaphambi kokutshala ubuhle obushisayo. Izilinganiso zezingxenye nazo zithinteka ngosayizi wohlelo lwempande, ubukhulu bebhodwe. Kepha konke lokhu kukhethwe ngakunye.
3. Silungisa imbiza yokutshala, ifosholo, isitsha sokuxuba i-substrate, isitsha sokulinganisa. Ngemuva kwalokho, sisebenzisa isitsha sokulinganisa, sikala izingxenye ngokuya ngeresiphi ekhethiwe. Sihlanganisa zonke izinto esitsheni, bese sihlangana kahle ne-spatula.
4. Siqhubeka ngqo nenqubo yokubeka izingqimba. Thatha imbiza epulasitiki ecacile enemigodi yokuhambisa amanzi. Sifaka izinhlayiya zobumba ezandisiwe phansi, bese kuba ungqimba we-substrate, kulandele ungqimba wesibili wamanzi, futhi ngaphezulu - yonke inhlabathi.

Kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo isimo senhlabathi. Ngempela, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iyancipha, ibolile, iphenduke uthuli. Ngemuva kwalokho kungcono ukufakelwa kabusha i-orchid noma uvuselele inhlabathi. Isimo se-orchid sincike ngqo ebukhoneni bengxenye eyodwa noma enye, ngakho-ke cabanga ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leyo nto.

Okulandelayo, bukela ividiyo yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani i-substrate ngokwakho.

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