I-Basilica Cistern: isakhiwo esingaqondakali ngaphansi komhlaba e-Istanbul

IBasilica Cistern ingesinye sezakhiwo ezingaqondakali kakhulu e-Istanbul, esinentshisekelo enkulu kubahambi abanelukuluku lokwazi. Lesi sakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba, esakhiwa ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 eyedlule, sisendaweni yesikwele sedolobha elidumile iSultanahmet. Yake yasebenza njengechibi elikhulu laseConstantinople. Namuhla, lesi sakhiwo esidala siyimnyuziyamu enezinto eziningi ezibonakalayo.

I-Basilica Cistern iya ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha ayi-12. Ingabamba kuze kufike kuma-cubic metres ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80 zamanzi. Izindonga zesakhiwo zingamamitha amane ubukhulu, futhi kufakwa isixazululo esikhethekile ebusweni baso, okwenza singangenwa amanzi. Kunensika engu-336 enamakholomu angu-336, ahlelwe emigqeni engu-12 futhi asebenza njengokwesekwa okuyinhloko kophahla oluhlanganisiwe. Ukuphakama ngamunye wabo - kusuka 8 kuya ku-12 amamitha. Abaphenyi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi lamakholomu awakhelwanga isiza ngqo, kepha alethwa evela kwezinye izakhiwo zakudala ezazicekelwe phansi.

Kusukela esithombeni se-Basilica Cistern e-Istanbul, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi lesi sakhiwo sake sasebenza njengechibi: manje ukukhanga kubukeka njengethempeli lasendulo kunedamu lamanzi. Lokhu kuyimpicabadala nokuheha kwabo izivakashi. Ongakubona esontweni elingaphansi komhlaba nokuthi ungafika kanjani lapho, sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe endabeni yethu.

Indaba emfushane

Ukwakhiwa kweBasilica Tistern kwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-4 ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMbusi uConstantine I. Kwanqunywa ukuthi kwakhiwe idamu esizeni sendawo eyayiyiBasilica yaseHagia Sophia, eyacekelwa phansi ngumlilo omkhulu. Yingakho ithangi linegama lalo. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi okungenani izigqila ezingama-7,000 zabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni, eziningi zazo ezafela lapha. Ukwakhiwa kwesiziba kuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200, futhi kwaphela kuphela ngo-532 ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMbusi uJustinian.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ithangi lalakhiwe esikhathini sasendulo, futhi onjiniyela bangaleso sikhathi kwakudingeka benze umsebenzi onzima kakhulu ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi amakhilomitha ambalwa ubude. Umfudlana wamanzi usuka ehlathini laseBelgrade ugudle umsele waseValens futhi wangena echibini ngamapayipi odonga olusempumalanga. Umgodi wamanzi waseBasilica wawungabamba amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu amanzi: amavolumu anjalo ayadingeka uma kwenzeka kuba nesomiso esingalindelekile noma ukuvinjelwa kwedolobha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamasosha.

Ngokufika kwabanqobi base-Ottoman e-Istanbul ngekhulu le-15, ichibi lilahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwalo. Isikhathi esithile, izinqolobane zalo zazisetshenziselwa ukunisela izingadi zeSigodlo iTopkapi, kepha kungekudala, ngokuyalelwa nguSuleiman the Magnificent, kwakhiwa idamu elisha edolobheni, kanye noMgodi weBasilica wabola, futhi ubukhona bawo babukhohliwe ngokuphelele. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandela, abahloli bamazwe abaningana baseYurophu baphinda bathola idamu lasendulo elalishiyiwe, kepha kuleyo minyaka alizange livuse nesithakazelo esincane phakathi kweziphathimandla.

Inani lomthombo njengesikhumbuzo somlando labonwa kuphela ngekhulu lama-20. Ngemuva kwalokho kwanqunywa ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi wokuhlanza nokubuyisela ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo. Eminyakeni engamakhulu amaningi edlule, ithangi lokungcola linqwabelene echibini, ngakho-ke ukubuyiselwa kwathatha isikhathi eside impela. Ngenxa yalokhu, isonto lahlanzwa, izitezi zalo zafakwa ukhonkolo kwafakwa okokufaka ngokhuni ukuze kube lula ukuhamba. Ukuvulwa ngokusemthethweni komnyuziyamu kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1987. Namuhla, eMgodini weBasilica e-Istanbul, ungabona futhi amanzi egeleza esuka emhlabathini, kepha izinga lawo ngaphezu kwaphansi alidluli uhhafu wemitha.

Yini ongayibona

Okokuqala, kufanele uqaphele umoya okhethekile obusa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesonto elingaphansi komhlaba. Ukukhanyisa okwehlisiwe nomculo opholile, kuhlanganiswe nokwakhiwa kwasendulo, kwakha uhlobo lwemfihlakalo nokucwilisa esikhathini esedlule. Ngasikhathi sinye, umnyuziyamu unezinto zawo eziheha izivakashi.

Ikholomu ekhalayo

Phakathi kwamakholomu angamakhulu amathathu asemthonjeni, eyodwa ivelele kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi "ukukhala". Ngokungafani nabanye, le kholomu ihlotshiswe ngamaphethini amile okwehliswa izinyembezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlala kumanzi. Lezi zinto ezimbili ziyisizathu saleli gama. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lakhiwa ngenhloso yokukhumbula izigqila ezinikele ngempilo yazo ukwakha leli chibi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi omunye wemihlobiso unomgodi omncane, okungukuthi, ngokusho kwenganekwane yendawo, ongakusiza ukufeza amaphupho akho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga nje ukunamathisela isithupha sakho emseleni, usiphendule futhi wenze okufunayo.

Amakholamu aneMedusa

Abavakashi banelukuluku lokwengeziwe mayelana namakholomu amabili afakwe emabhuloki ngobuso bukaMedusa the Gorgon: elinye lamakhanda lilele ngohlangothi, elinye liphenduke labhekiswa phansi ngokuphelele. Lezi zithombe zibhekwa njengabameleli abaqhakazile bokwakhiwa kwamaRoma. Akukaziwa namanje ukuthi bafika kanjani eMthonjeni we-Basilica, kodwa into eyodwa icacile - badluliswa lapha besuka kwesinye isakhiwo sasendulo.

Kunemibono eminingi ngalesi simo esingajwayelekile sezithombe zaseMedusa. Ngokusho kolunye uhlobo, abakhi baguqula amakhanda abo ngamabomu ukuze lo mlingiswa wasenganekwaneni, owaziwa ngekhono lakhe lokuguqula abantu babe ngamatshe, waphucwa leli thuba. Enye inkolelo, ephikisana ngokuphelele neyokuqala, iqinisekisa ukuthi yile ndlela ababefuna ukukhombisa ngayo ukwedelela kwabo uMedusa Gorgon. Yebo, inketho yesithathu, enengqondo kunazo zonke icabanga ukuthi isikhundla esinjalo samabhulokhi besivele silungele usayizi wokufakwa kwamakholomu.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

Imininingwane ewusizo

Ikheli: U-Alemdar Mh., Yerebatan Cd. 1/3, 34410, iSultanahmet Square, Isifunda saseFatih, Istanbul.

Amahora okuvula Basilica Cistern: imnyuziyamu ivulwa nsuku zonke kusuka ngo-09: 00 kuye ku-18: 30 ngezikhathi zehlobo nasebusika. Ukuheha kusebenza ngesikhathi esifushane ngoJanuwari 1, kanye nasezinsukwini zokuqala zamaholide amaSulumane - kusuka ngo-13: 00 kuya ku-18: 30.

Izindleko zokuvakasha: intengo yamathikithi okungena kaSepthemba 2018 ingama-20 tl. Ikhadi lomnyuziyamu alivumelekile endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi. Ungakhokhela ithikithi ngokheshi kuphela.

Isiza esisemthethweni: yerebatan.com.

Uma ungafuni ukubheka kuphela ukukhanga, kepha futhi ufunde ngokuthakazelisa nge-Istanbul kusuka endaweni yangakini, ungabhuka ukuvakasha kwedolobha. Ukukhethwa kwemihlahlandlela ehamba phambili ngokususelwa kuzibuyekezo zabavakashi kungatholakala kuleli khasi.

Amaqiniso Athandekayo

Into yomlando efana ne-Basilica Cistern ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamaqiniso ambalwa athakazelisayo, lapho siqoqe khona okubaluleke kakhulu:

1. Izindonga zeBasilica Cistern zinama-acoustics amahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukwenziwa lapha ama-orchestra namakhonsathi e-jazz.
2. Ukukhanga sekusebenze kaningi njengefilimu esethelwe amafilimu anedumela lomhlaba wonke. Kulapha lapho kwaqoshwa khona iziqephu eziningana ze-Odyssey ka-Andrei Konchalovsky. Abaqondisi beBondiana nabo bayibonile le ndawo, futhi yavela kozimele bengxenye yesibili yefilimu ethi "From Russia with Love".
3. Umbhali waseMelika uDan Brown ukhethe iBasilica Cistern njengendawo ebalulekile encwadini yakhe i-Inferno.
4. Izivakashi eziningi zikholelwa enganekwaneni yokuthi amanzi anesifuba phezulu emnyuziyamu, kepha empeleni, engxenyeni enkulu yensimu, izinga layo alidluli u-50 cm.

5. Eminye imithombo ithi abantu bendawo basebenzise indawo engaphansi komhlaba ukudoba. Ngisho nanamuhla, kwamanye amachibi omnyuziyamu ungahlangana ne-carp, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi abagcini abathule bethangi.
6. Ngaphandle kwethangi manje sekuyihhovisi lamaphoyisa futhi kuyingxenye yesitimela.
7. Eduze Kohlu Olukhalayo, kunesiqeshana samanzi esibizwa nge-Wishing Pool. Lapha futhi ungenza isifiso ngokuphonsa uhlamvu lwemali emanzini.
8. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isonto akusilo ukuphela kwesakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba e-Istanbul. Kuze kube manje, sekutholwe imithombo engaphezu kuka-40 yedolobha elikhulu.

Encwadini: ungabheka i-Istanbul usuka endaweni ephakeme ngokuvakashela elinye lamapulatifomu wokubuka wedolobha. Lapho bekhona - bona lo mbhalo.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Amathiphu awusizo

Ukuvakashela noma isiphi isiza sabavakashi kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nolwazi olunolwazi. Abavakashi abaningi benza iphutha elikhulu ngokungalungiseli uhambo oluya kusengaphambili. Futhi ukuze uvikele izinkinga ngesikhathi uvakashele ithangi lase-Istanbul, sikuqoqele izeluleko eziwusizo kakhulu kubahambi asebeke bavakashela isiza:

1. Ngaphambi kokuya ekukhangeni, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ukuthi ngabe isakhiwo siyalungiswa yini. Abanye abavakashi, abangena ngaphakathi ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa, badumala kakhulu.
2. Njenganoma isiphi esinye isikhumbuzo esingokomlando, isixuku sabantu sihlangana emahhovisi amathikithi emthonjeni emini. Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufike ekuseni ngovivi ukugwema ulayini. Njengesikhumbuzo, amahora wokuvula we-Basilica Cistern e-Istanbul aqala ngo-09: 00 kuya ku-18: 30. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle kakhulu ukufika kule ndawo ngo-09: 00.
3. Isikhathi esiphezulu okufanele usichithe uhlola umnyuziyamu asikho ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30.

4. Kubathandi bezithombe ezingavamile: wonke umuntu osemnyango womthombo unikezwa iseshini yezithombe kumvunulo kaSultan. Izindleko zomcimbi zingama- $ 30.
5. Njengamanje, le nyuziyamu yase-Istanbul ayikhiphi umhlahlandlela womsindo, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uqale uyilayishe efonini yakho kwi-Intanethi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lonke uhambo lwakho luzothatha ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-10.
6. Njengoba imanzi impela esontweni, ungashelela futhi uwe kwezinye izindawo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uya lapha, kungcono ukugqoka izicathulo ezingahambi kahle.
7. Izimpawu emthonjeni zixwayisa izivakashi ukuthi ukuthwebula izithombe akuvumelekile. Noma kunjalo, abahambi bathatha izithombe ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngaphandle kwemiphumela yokuphatha.

Umphumela

Isisekelo seBasilica Can singaba ukwengeza okuhle ohambweni lwakho lwe-Istanbul. Iqiniso nje lokuthi lesi sakhiwo sineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1000 ubudala sinikeza isizathu esihle sokuvakashela itshe lesikhumbuzo lasendulo. Futhi ukujabulela ngokugcwele lokhu kukhanga, ungazinaki izincomo zethu.

Uzofunda amaqiniso ambalwa athakazelisayo ngokuheha ngokubuka ividiyo.

Bukela ividiyo: Reality of tourist attractions in Turkey Basilica Cistern (Julayi 2024).