Okuthandwa kakhulu yizakhamuzi zasehlobo petunia - ukutshala nokunakekela endle

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IPetunia endle ivuthwa ngabalimi bezimbali, ukuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali, utshani kanye neziza zasekhaya ezinezimbali ezinhle. Unesizotha ekunakekelweni, kepha udinga ukwazi ezinye zezici zale nqubo.

Imayelana nalezi zici okuzoxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni sethu. Uzofunda ukuthi ungatshala kanjani i-petunia kahle, ungayinakekela kanjani ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka, kanye nezifo zezitshalo. Sizokutshela ukuthi ungatshala kanjani kahle imbali nokuthi ungayikhiqiza kanjani kabusha. Jabulela ukufunda.

Siyini lesi sitshalo?

I-Petunia isitshalo esingapheli emndenini we-nightshade. Imvamisa ikhula njengonyaka. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zama-petunias, ahluke ngombala nokuma kwezimbali. Kungaba kule mibala elandelayo: obomvu, ophuzi, omhlophe, ukhilimu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo, onsomi neminye imibala eminingi

Isimo se-petunia ngu:

ampelous;
isihlahla;
ukugeleza.

Izihlahla zingaba zincane (kufika ku-30 cm), futhi zingafinyelela kuma-70 cm.

I-REFERENCE! UPetunia uyisihlobo sikagwayi. Izwe lakubo yiNingizimu Melika. Kwethulwa eYurophu ngekhulu le-18.

Izici zokutshalwa kwangaphandle

I-Petunia isitshalo se-thermophilic. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo nezinhlamvu ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ukubanda okubandayo. Njengomthetho, enkabeni yeRussia, itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Izithombo eziqhakaza izimbali zivunyelwe ukutshalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi - ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi. I-Petunia emhlabathini ovulekile iyakujabulisa ukuqhakaza kwayo kusukela maphakathi nehlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile.

Ungatshala kanjani kahle?

IPetunia ingatshalwa enhlabathini enezimbewu nezithombo. Inketho yesibili isetshenziswa kaningi. Ezigabeni zokuqala, kulula ukuthi isazi sezimbali se-novice sithenge izithombo ezenziwe ngomumo.

Ukutshala ama-petunias, kufanele ukhethe indawo elula, engenamoya. Futhi ubekezelela umthunzi oyingxenye kahle. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, udinga ukufaka umhlabathi enhlabathini nge-humus, futhi kunconywa izinsuku ezingu-3-4 ukuthi uzikhiphele ngaphandle. Ukufika kwenzeka kusihlwa noma ngosuku olufudumele olunamafu.

Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo lincike ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Ibanga elilungile phakathi kwabo:

18 - 20 cm - izinhlobo ezincane;
20 - 25 cm - izinhlobo ezinkulu;
25 - 35 cm - izinhlobo zamahlathi.

Ngaphambi kokukhipha izithombo esitsheni, kufanele uqale uyinisele kahle. Zitshalwa emgodini kanye nesigaxa sobumba. Umhlabathi ozungeze isithombo ufakwa ithoni futhi uniselwe kakhulu ngamanzi afudumele, bese ufafazwa nge-peat noma i-humus ngaphezulu. Izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokutshala i-petunia kufanele zivikelwe elangeni.

QAPHELA! Awukwazi ukuvundisa imibhede ngaphambi kokutshala ama-petunias ngomquba omusha, ngoba kungadala izifo zefungal.

Ungayinakekela kanjani imbali?

Ukunakekelwa okufanele kufaka phakathi lezi zinto ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

Ukunisela.
Ukuxega.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu.
Ukwakhiwa kweBush (ukucinana nokusika).

Izici ezingenhla zokunakekelwa kwe-petunia ziyasebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha isikhathi ngasinye sinezici zaso.

Ehlobo

Ukunisela. Ngemuva kokutshala, i-petunia kumele iniselwe kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-1 kuya kwezi-2. Lo mbuso uhlala amasonto ayi-1.5. Ehlobo, i-petunia kumele iniselwe njengoba inhlabathi isoma. Imvamisa yokunisela ngezinsuku ezishisayo imvamisa 1 isikhathi ngosuku. Ukunisela kwenziwa kusihlwa, ngqo ngaphansi kwempande yesitshalo.
Ukuxega. Ukususa ukhula njalo kuyadingeka ukususa ukhula nokuxegisa inhlabathi nokuyigcwalisa nge-oxygen.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu.
1. Ukondla kokuqala ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kamuva ngomanyolo oqukethe i-phosphorus. Umanyolo we-Agricola, ohlanjululwa emanzini futhi uniselwe (25 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi), ulungele lokhu.
2. Ukudla kwesibili kwenziwa cishe izinsuku eziyi-10 - 15 ngemuva kokuqala.
3. Ukudla kwesithathu kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuvela kwehlumela. Umanyolo "Kemira Lux" (20 g ngamalitha amanzi ayi-20-30) umfanele.
4. Ukugqokiswa kwesine nokulandelayo kwenziwa ngamanyolo we-potash, asetshenziswa njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi, kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Funda mayelana nokuthi ungayondla kanjani i-petunia ngezimbali ezinhle nezichichimayo lapha.

Sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe ngokunakekela isitshalo esiqhakazayo lapha, futhi kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma i-petunia ingaqhakazi.

Ngo-Agasti

Ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwe-petunia ukusika izihlahla, okwenziwa ngo-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa amandla amaningi ekwakhiweni kwembewu. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe zonke izimbali ezibunjiwe ehlathini. Uma amahlumela we-petunia esekhule kakhulu, aba nzima, nawo kudingeka anqunywe. Lokhu kuzonikeza isihlahla ukubukeka kobuhle futhi kube nomthelela omuhle esimweni saso jikelele. Ukuthena kungenziwa ngesikele noma ngokususa ngobumnene okweqile ngezandla zakho.

Yini okufanele uyenze ekwindla?

Ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, i-petunia kumele imbiwe kanye negoda lobumba bese itshalwa ezimbizeni. Ububanzi bawo kufanele okungenani bube yi-15 cm. Amaqabunga omisiwe namahlumela kufanele kususwe. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukusika amahlumela, kushiye u-10-15 cm wobude bawo.

Ngokubeka izimbiza zezitshalo ekamelweni elipholile, udinga ukuzihlinzeka ngokunakekelwa. Ngesikhathi sekwindla, izitshalo zizogxila kahle futhi zizokwazi ukusinda ebusika.

Ebusika

Ukunakekelwa kwebusika kwama-petunias ukuqinisekisa izimo zokushisa ezifanele. Izinga lokushisa lomoya egumbini kufanele libe ku- + 10 - 12 degrees. Uma iphakeme kunezinkomba, kuyadingeka ukukuhlinzeka ngokukhanyisa kuze kufike emahoreni ayi-12 nsuku zonke. Labo. lapho izinga lokushisa liphakama, ukukhanya kwesitshalo kudinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe.

Ukunisela i-petunia ebusika kuyadingeka njengoba kudingeka. Uma amaqabunga eqala ukuwa, lokhu kuyisignali yesenzo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu akuvamile ukwenziwa ebusika, cishe izikhathi ezimbalwa phakathi naso sonke isikhathi ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-spider mite aphathwa kaningi ngamalungiselelo akhethekile.

OKUBALULEKILE! Ebusika, i-petunia ingabonakala ifile futhi inciphile. Kepha ungayeki. Entwasahlobo, isitshalo sizophinda sijabule ngokubukeka kwaso okunempilo.

Entwasahlobo

Ukunakekela i-petunia entwasahlobo ukuyilungiselela ukusabalalisa ngama-cuttings. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka kanye nokugula

Izinambuzane nezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-petunias yilezi:

I-Aphid. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokubonakala kwama-aphid ukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga, ukubuna. Kungatholakala ngokuvela kwamazolo acwebezelayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukuphatha lesi sitshalo ngama-ejenti akhethekile (ngokwesibonelo, i-Aktara, iTaran, iKemifos).
I-Whitefly. Kubonakala ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zamaqabunga futhi kufana nenundu. Kuholela ekubuneni nasekuphuzi kwamaqabunga. Baphatha i-whitefly ngeTaran noma i-Aktara.
Isicabucabu. Amaqabunga ezitshalo ezithintekile ayakhanya futhi kamuva ambozwe ngamabala amnyama. Ukulwa nomkhaza, baphathwa ngeDemitan noma i-Apollo.
Isikhunta se-Powdery. Izimila ezithintekile yilesi sifo zimbozwe ukuqhuma okumhlophe. Amaqabunga amasha akhula asontekile, kuthi amadala awe. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuvela kwesikhunta ukuchelela okungafanele. Izitshalo ziphathwa ngama-fungicides (Isibikezelo, i-Vitaros, i-Previkur).

Dlulisa

Ngemuva kobusika, udinga ukunakekela ukufaka ama-petunias kusuka ezimbizeni, noma kunalokho mayelana nokuzala kwawo. Lokhu kudinga:

Sika ama-cuttings (i-10 cm lilinye) esitshalweni somama, ngenkathi usika amaqabunga aphezulu ngesigamu, bese ususa aphansi.
Beka ukusika kusixazululo se-phytohormone.
Emabhokisini anomhlabathi ovulekile noma isihlabathi esimanzi, tshala ama-cuttings ngokujula kuka-3-4 cm namanzi.
Mboza iziqukathi ngefilili (ingilazi) bese uzibeka efasiteleni.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala, ama-cuttings kufanele atshalwe ezimbizeni ezincane, futhi ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-4-6, kwenziwa ingcosana.
Cishe cishe inyanga, ama-petunias atshalwa ezimbizeni ezinkulu, futhi maphakathi noMeyi, endaweni ehlala njalo, emhlabathini ovulekile.

Ukukhiqiza kabusha

Ungasabalalisa i-petunia ngokusika ehlobo.

Kusuka esitshalweni esinempilo, ukusikwa okuhlangene (7 - 10 cm) okunamaqabunga ayi-3 - 4 weqiniso kuyasikwa.
Ama-cuttings atshalwa ezimbizeni ezihlukene, aniselwa futhi ambozwe ngezimbiza. Kuyadingeka ukugcina umswakama ophelele wenhlabathi kanye nomoya ojwayelekile. Izinga lokushisa elihle lokuhluma kwezimpande ngama-22-23 degrees Celsius.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga, ukucinwa kwenziwa, bese kutshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.

Akunakwenzeka ukubiza inqubo yokukhula kwama-petunias kulula kakhulu, ngoba kunama-nuances amaningi nobunzima kule ndaba. Kodwa-ke, ngendlela elungile nokulandela izincomo, lokhu kungenzeka impela. Futhi-ke wonke umsebenzi nemizamo izokhokha ngezimbali ezinhle ze-petunia.

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