Ibhalsamu elisendlini: ukukhula nokukhathalela ekhaya. Izinambuzane nezifo

Elinye igama lebhalsamu lithi "Vanka wet". Akukona nje ukuqondana kwezinto ukuthi bambize kanjalo kubantu abavamile. Uthanda umswakama. Uma engayitholi, wonke amaqabunga azobuna futhi abune. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela "izinyembezi zikaVanka" kubo.

Amaconsi omswakama abonwa emaqabungeni ngezinsuku ezinelanga kuphela, lapho ukuhwamuka kunamandla. Ingabe kunzima ukukhulisa nokunakekela ibhalsamu ekhaya?

Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi luhlobo luni lwembali, yiziphi izici zokunakekelwa kwalo nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga nezinambuzane ababhekana nazo lapho bekhula ibhalsamu.

Iyini le mbali?

Ibhalsamu yisitshalo somndeni wakwaBalsamin... Kunezinhlobo eziningi zayo (400), bese ngokwehlukana kwazo uzihlukanisa zibe munye- futhi zingapheli. Ikhula ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo, ezifundazweni zase-Asia nase-Afrika.

Inkomba! Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiLatin, igama "ibhalsamu" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukuphelelwa isineke." Izithelo zesitshalo zikhethekile. Uma uzithinta ungahlosile, ziyaqhekeka, ziphonsa imbewu ebangeni elide.

Lesi sitshalo sineziqu ezinobuthi, ezimnandi futhi ezithambile... Wonke amaqabunga aphelele noma anezinyo. Ziyi-lanceolate. Izitifiketi azikho. Ukuhlelwa kwamaqabunga esiqwini kuyaphikisana noma kuyaphendulwa. Umbala wazo uluhlaza okotshani, kepha umthunzi uhlukile. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izimbali zivela ngokungajwayelekile.

Kungaba yi-terry noma elula. Imvamisa ukuhlelwa kungashadile, akuvamile ukuthi kuqoqwe kuma-inflorescence akhululekile. Izimbali zingaba bomvu, zimhlophe noma ziphuzi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izithelo zakhiwa - i-capsule enezinhlamvu eziningi.

Izici nemibandela yokuzalanisa

Akunandaba ukuthi izinhlobo zebhalsamu zehluke kanjani komunye nomunye - isakhiwo sesiqu, ukuma kwamaqabunga nezimbali, zinezici ezivamile zesici:

1. Isidingo somswakama. Uma womisa inhlabathi ebhodweni, ukhohlwa ngokunisela okufika ngesikhathi, lesi sitshalo siyanyamalala. Ukuphela kwento i- "Vanka emanzi" engakubekezeleli ukuqina komswakama ezimpandeni.
2. Ukutshala ebhodweni elincane ukuthuthukisa izimbali. Lapho itshalwe ebhodweni elikhulu lezimbali, ibhalsamu lizochitha wonke amandla alo ekutshalweni nasekukhuleni. Ngeke iqhakaze, futhi lokhu kuyihlazo kuwo wonke umlimi.
3. Ukusabalalisa okulula ngezimbewu noma ukusika. Kungenzeka ukuthi utshale isitshalo esisha esitshalweni sikamama kungakabiphi.
4. Izifo eziholela ekulahlekelweni komphumela wokuhlobisa.

Ngemuva kokuthenga, ibhalsamu kufanele itshalwe kabusha... Inhlabathi yawo ikhethwe ngokucophelela, kukhethwa i-substrate ekhanyayo, ekhethelwe ngokukhethekile isitshalo esiqhakazayo. Ngaphandle kokulalela lesi seluleko, abalimi babhekene nokuvela kwenqwaba yamaqabunga eziqu, kepha ngokungabikho okuphelele kwezimbali. Ungatshali imbali enhlabathini esindayo ecebile ngamakhemikhali namaminerali enitrogenous. Kungcono ukondla isivuno kabili ngenyanga.

Izitshalo ezimbili zebhalsamu ezinezimbali ezinemibala ehlukene zitshalwe ebhodweni elilodwa. Ngenxa yokugcwaliswa kwayo ngokushesha ngezimpande, itshalwa kabili ngonyaka - entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ungafunda ngobunzima bokutshala nokushiya kulesi sihloko.

Izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhiqiza kabusha ibhalsamu: imbewu nokusika... Iyiphi indlela ama-newbies okufanele akhethe ngayo?

Ama-cuttings ayindlela elula yokusabalalisa ibhalsamu engapheli. Akusebenzi, futhi uma kufiswa, ngisho non-professional uzobhekana nomsebenzi. Into esemqoka ukuthi amahlumela anempilo angena embizeni entsha. Zinqunywa ngokucophelela, kubalwa ama-internode amabili lapho kusikwa.

Ngemuva kokusikwa, amahlumela afakwa emanzini noma atshalwe ngokushesha emhlabathini omanzi. Maduze, ibhalsamu elisha lizomila izimpande. Uma uwagcinile amahlumela emanzini, ungawatshala ngemuva kokuthi izimpande zivele ebhodweni elingu-10 cm. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ibhalsamu lizoqhakaza: lapho itshalwe ekwindla, izimbali zizovela entwasahlobo.

Okubalulekile! Awukwazi ukufaka ibhalsamu yonyaka minyaka yonke: iyafa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza.

Lapho ufakela ibhalsamu, udinga isitshalo esingumama, isitsha sokukhula futhi i-perlite... Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika izihlahla kuyasiza ukusika amahlumela.

1. I-Shoot cut 50-70 mm ubude. Kwenziwe hhayi ngenhla kweshidi, kepha ngaphansi kwalo.
2. Ukususwa kwamaqabunga aphansi kanye namafihlekile.
3. Ukuthatha isitsha sokuqothula, faka i-perlite kuso. Kunconywa ukuyifaka ngokucophelela, futhi ngemuva kwalokho kuphela yenza ukucindezeleka okuncane ngenduku ekujuleni kwe-15-20 mm. Isiqu sifakwa kuwo, umhlaba ugingqiwe.
4. Ngaphambi kokuphela kokuqothula, susa isitsha endaweni efudumele, ekhanyayo. Ukwenza inqubo ihambe ngokushesha, isitshalo sondliwa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kokuthena.

Indlela yokukhiqiza kabusha ibhalsamu nayo ikhethiwe ngenxa yokulula kwayo kanye nokwenzeka kokubulawa nganoma yiluphi usuku lonyaka. Kwesinye isikhathi akudingeki nokuthi wenze okuthile, njengoba ukuzimela ngokwakho kwenzeka. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ama-pods anembewu aqhuma nganoma yikuphi ukunyakaza okunganaki eduze kwawo... Lokhu kuba yisizathu esinzulu sokuzihlwanyela ngokwakho.

Abalimi abaningi baqala ibhalsamu, abanandaba nayo, ngenxa yalokho iphenduka ukhula. Abathandi bezimbali abanesipiliyoni bazama ukubopha izindumba zembewu ngendwangu engasindi elula ukugwema ukusabalala. Imbewu eqoqiwe izogcina ukuhluma kwayo iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.

Ubungozi benzalo - ukuthola isitshalo esingahlangabezani nokulindelwe... Lapho imbewu oziqoqela yona ebhalsamu ikhula efasiteleni, abamangali ngemuva kokuphinda bakhiqize ukuthi izici ezintsha zomama azikho.

Funda ngokuzalanisa ekhaya nokufakelwa kabusha okulandelayo emhlabathini ovulekile lapha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ividiyo ebonakalayo mayelana nokusakazwa kwebhalsamu ngokusika:

Ungakhula kanjani kahle ekhaya?

Ibhalsamu isitshalo esingenamandla. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhula emthunzini, ezinye elangeni. Kudinga ukuchelelwa okuningi entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho kuqala ukushisa. Ebusika, ngeke ife uma izinga lokushisa egumbini ligcinwa cishe ngo-15С.

Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ibhalsamu yangaphakathi ivundiswa ukuze iqhume... Ukwenza lokhu, kuniselwa ngamanyolo akhethekile ezitshalo eziqhakazayo njalo emavikini amabili.

Ukunakwa! Noma yisiphi isitshalo esikhule kakhulu singavuselelwa ngaphandle kokufakelwa kabusha, uma uvele unqume iziqu ongazithandi. Zingafakwa emanzini, kuthi ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpande, zingatshalwa ezimbizeni.

Funda lapha ukuthi unganakekela kanjani ibhalsamu ekhaya ukuze isitshalo sikuthokozise ngokubonakala kwaso isikhathi eside.

Izinkinga zezitshalo

Ibhalsamu, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo sasendlini, ingaba buhlungu.

Izinambuzane

• Isicabucabu.

  Sayina: ama-specks aphuzi ebusweni bamaqabunga. Uma zingalashwa, zikhula ngosayizi, amaqabunga alahlekelwa umbala wawo oluhlaza futhi ome. Ukumisa lesi sinambuzane, silwe nomoya owomile namazinga okushisa aphezulu asendlini.

  Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nezibungu zesicabucabu ukufafaza isitshalo ngamanzi. Uma ubona isinambuzane kwelinye iqabunga, kungcono ukusisika, bese uphatha konke okuseduze ngamafutha amaminerali noma amanzi anensipho.

• I-Whitefly.

  Isignali: Inqwaba yamaqabunga aphuzi anokukhipha okuthile okunamathelayo ezindaweni ezingaphakathi noma zangaphandle. Ukuze balwe, basebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ezithengiswa esitolo sezimbali: iTanrek, Iskra, Aktellik.

• Izibungu eziningi.

  Izimpawu: ukuqina nokugoba kwamaqabunga. Ukukhula kwabo kuyama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, azungeza emaphethelweni. Ukwehlula lesi sifo, umswakama ophakeme namazinga okushisa aphezulu asendlini avinjelwe. Indlela enhle kakhulu ukuhlola ngokucophelela isitshalo bese uphatha amaqabunga nge-Akarin, Lightning, Fitoverm, njll.

• Ama-Thrips.

  Izimpawu: ukusonteka kwamaqabunga amancane, amabala ezimbali kanye ne-russet yamacembe azungeze imiphetho. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, kususwa izimbali namaqabunga athintwe ama-thrips. Lesi sinambuzane sithanda izitshalo ezincane, ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngemuva kokufaka kabusha noma ukuthenga, zibhekwa. Indlela ephumelelayo yokuyiqeda ukuthenga izidakamizwa i-Aktara, Iskra, Fufanon, njll.

Izifo

1. Amaqabunga awayo ngenxa ye-hypothermia, ukuchelela okungajwayelekile nokuntuleka kokukhanya. Ngemuva kokuxazulula inkinga ngokukhanyisa, ibhalsamu izokujabulisa ngenqwaba yezimbali ngeziqu.
2. Ukugingqa amahlamvu... Le nkinga idalwa wumsebenzi wesicabucabu noma isilwane esinamazipho amaningi. Zonke izingxenye ezithintekile ziyasuswa, futhi sonke isitshalo siphathwa ngesixazululo esikhethekile.
3. Amaqabunga aphuzi... Imvamisa, inkinga ibangwa yizibucabu noma ukungabi khona komswakama. Lapho nje umlimi ebuyisela ukuchelela emuva kokujwayelekile futhi esebenza amaqabunga, ayanyamalala.
4. Ukuwa okufihlekile ngenxa yokoma ngokweqile noma ukugcwala kwamanzi kwenqwaba yenhlabathi.
5. Omisa amaqabunga ngenxa yokushoda komswakama.
6. Ukudonsa iziqu ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lomoya ekamelweni kanye nokushoda kwelanga.
7. Inkinga ye-Bloom ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya nezakhamzimba. Ukuhambisa ibhodwe kwenye indawo nokufaka umanyolo kabili ngenyanga kuzoyixazulula. Ungayinisela kanjani ibhalsamu nokuthi ungayondla kanjani ukuze iqhakaze izimbali, uzofunda lapha.

Funda kabanzi ngezifo zebhalsamu lapha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ividiyo ebonakalayo nefundisayo mayelana nebhalsamu elisendlini:

Isiphetho

Ibhalsamu yisitshalo esingathobeki. Kuzojabulisa ngezimbali ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu kaningana ngonyaka uma udala izimo ezinhle zokukhula.