Izinketho ezikhona zefenisha yezokwelapha, izindlela zokukhetha
Ifenisha akuyona nje amakhona ajwayelekile athambile, osofa namakhishi. Kukhona imboni yonke egxile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ethile yezibhedlela, imitholampilo, amakamelo okwelashwa. Ifenisha yezokwelapha ibonakala ngokusebenza okwandisiwe futhi iguqulwa kalula. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze iziguli zibe nenkululeko enkulu yokuhamba. Imibhede eyaziwayo enamatafula wokukhipha yinto yakudala edlule; yathathelwa indawo amamodeli obuchwepheshe obuphakeme enziwe ngezinto zanamuhla ezinazo zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo.
Izici:
Kunezidingo ezinkulu ngefenisha esetshenziswa ezikhungweni zezokwelapha zesimanje. Ukunakwa okuyinhloko kukhokhelwa ngamandla aphakeme, ukwethembeka kwezinto nokuthi imikhiqizo uqobo ingabulawa kanjani amagciwane kusetshenziswa izindlela ezikhethekile ezinolaka. Ngaphezu kokuqina, imikhiqizo kufanele ibe iselula ne-ergonomic. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zamamodeli asetshenziselwa umuthi zinezici zazo ezihlukile.
Ifenisha yenhloso ejwayelekile isetshenziswa isikhathi eside futhi kaningi. Amakhulu abantu bayisebenzisa emahhovisi akhethekile noma emakamelweni okulinda, ngakho-ke kufanele yenziwe ngezinto zokwakha ezingagezeka kalula, ikakhulu ezifaka insimbi noplastiki. Kufanele futhi ibe namandla athe xaxa, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzosetshenziswa imali eningi ukuyishintsha.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlaka ezimbili eziyinhloko, uhlangothi lobuhle benkinga nalo lubalulekile - ngokwesibonelo, isibhedlela asizenzi izihlalo ezinemibala egqamile ukuze zingacasuli iziguli. Umbala ukhethwe ngokuya ngesikimu sombala jikelele sendawo yangaphakathi. Kepha akufanele kungcoliswe. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo emhlophe izolahlekelwa masinyane ukubukeka kwayo kwasekuqaleni, yize igezwa njalo. Ifenisha yezokwelapha yensimbi ixazulula izingqinamba eziningi, inezinzuzo eziningi:
- Kulula futhi kuyashesha ukuhlanza;
- Kuhlanganiswe kalula futhi kwahlakazwa ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe kanye nanoma iyiphi imishini;
- Kungashintshwa kalula ngosayizi, njengokuphakama;
- Kufanele wonke amaqembu eziguli;
- Unempilo ende yokusebenza.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sefenisha yezokwelapha ukuhamba. Isibonelo, osofa, izihlalo zezingalo ngisho nezingubo zokugqoka ezithile kufanele zihlonyiswe ngamasondo ajikelezayo, futhi futhi zibe nebhuleki ukuze zikwazi ukumisa inqubo yokuhamba noma nini. Ukuthula nakho kuyisici esibalulekile.
Kumamodeli enhloso ejwayelekile, kusetshenziswa ukumbozwa okungangenwa ngamanzi ukuze imikhiqizo igezwe njalo futhi ukuze ingahlupheki uma iba manzi. Ekwakhekeni kwezingubo ezithambile zosofa, osofa, izihlalo zezokwelapha, kusetshenziswa izinto ezingamelana nemiphumela yezibulala-magciwane kanye nomthelela wemisebe ye-ultraviolet, nayo enikezwa ukwelashwa okulwa namagciwane. Imvamisa basebenzisa i-PVC, i-leatherette noma enye i-leatherette.
Ifenisha yezokwelapha yensimbi iyasebenza kakhulu. Ngokungafani nepulasitiki, kulula ukuyihlanza, isetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ayinqwabeli uthuli nezinto eziyingozi.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Inkinga enkulu ephathelene nokusebenza kwamamodeli wesimanje ukusebenza kwawo. Isibonelo, umbhede wokuhlinza owenzelwe iziguli zabahlengikazi abasebenza ngemuva kokuqina kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kufanele ukhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Lesi mhlawumbe yisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, lapho cishe zonke izinto kufanele zisuswe. Imibhede yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nezihlalo zezihlalo akumele zihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo zeziguli, kodwa futhi ziqinisekise nokusebenziseka kwabasebenzi bezokwelapha. Ifenisha yamahhovisi ezokwelapha kufanele ngabe yanda kakhulu. Ifenisha yezokwelapha ehlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ikhiqizwa ngokuya ngama-GOSTs. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa iziguli ngqo yilezi:
Imibhede, osofa
Ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, imibhede isetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Kukhethwa njalo okukodwa noma okukodwa nohhafu ezigcemeni. Amamodeli entofontofo anesembozo esingangeni manzi afanele amakamelo okudiliva neziguli zangemva kokuhlinzwa. Imibhede yamathambo nemisebenzi eminingi iyadingeka. Imibhede yesimanjemanje inomsebenzi wokufudumeza, ukubhucungwa, kanye nokuma kwebhodi ekhanda kuyo kuyashintsha. Osofa bafakiwe emahhovisi nasemakamelweni okuhlolwa.
Izihlalo
Izici ezihlukile zezihlalo zihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwazo okuhlosiwe. Ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, amamodeli asetshenziselwa ukuphumula, ukuhambisa iziguli, izifo zabesifazane, amazinyo, ukubhucungwa. Izimfanelo zabo eziyinhloko kulula ukusebenza, ikhono lokuguqula, ukunakekelwa okulula komkhiqizo. Izihlalo ze-ergonomic zanamuhla zihamba ngezimoto ngokugcwele, zinezilawuli kude, zinikeza ukulingana okunethezeka kweziguli, zinikeza ukusekelwa okwengeziwe kodokotela ngesikhathi sokukhohlisa.
Ama-Gurneys, ama-stretchers
Ama-trolley wezokwelapha kanye nama-stretcher trolley nawo aphakathi kwemishini ebaluleke kakhulu edingeka kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, imikhiqizo engenhla yenziwa ngepulasitiki ehlala isikhathi eside enezisekelo zensimbi, ifakwe imilenze yokugoqa namasondo ajikelezayo.
Ifenisha yaselebhu
Amakhabethe, induduzo nezinye ifenisha zaselebhu zenziwe ngengilazi ngohlaka lwensimbi. Izinto ezinjalo kulula ukuzibulala amagciwane futhi uzisebenzise njengoba kuhlosiwe. Igumbi lokwelashwa lidinga ifenisha yekhabinethi ehlanzeke kalula efakwe ingilazi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ikesi lensimbi, ifenisha yensimbi engagqwali inesidingo esikhulu samakamelo okwelashwa.
Amakhabethe
Amakhabethe asetshenziswa ezikhungweni zezempilo ahlukile ngenhloso. Amakhabethe awelekayo noma amile anemisebenzi eminingi futhi angatholakala kokuthunyelwe kwezokwelapha ekusetshenzisweni kwabahlengikazi nasendaweni yokusebenza, emakamelweni eziguli. Amashalofu enhloso ejwayelekile kanye namakhabethe wokubonisa ahluka ngezindlela eziningi kusuka kumakhabethe akhethekile afana namakhabethe wokugcina oyinyumba.
Izikrini, izinqola nenye ifenisha
Ukusetshenziswa kwefenisha yezokwelapha kusiza kakhulu inqubo yomsebenzi wodokotela. Ngokuhlela izinsimbi, izibuko nezinye izesekeli, udokotela angahlola kalula isiguli, enze izinqubo ezehlukene. Izinto zensiza zefenisha yezokwelapha zisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindawo zemithi. Zonke izinhlobo zezinqola, ama-tripods, izikrini, okokusebenza kwemishini kanye nezisekelo zithola inhloso ebanzi kwezokwelapha zesimanje.
Ukusetshenziswa kwefenisha yezokwelapha kuyadingeka kunoma imuphi umsebenzi wezokwelapha osebenzayo, futhi ifenisha esebenzisana nayo ilula kakhulu. Isibonelo, inqola yokuthutha imishini ingasebenza futhi njengetafula lokulinganisa ingcindezi. Le mishini ayidingi ukuwashwa kahle kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuhleleka, ukuzinza, nokuthuthwa kalula. Iziguli ngokwazo azivamile ukuzisebenzisa.
I-Ergonomics, izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kufanele kube nemikhiqizo ehloselwe okuthunyelwe ngumhlengikazi. Akunamandla amakhulu, kepha kunethezekile, ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye kufanele kuhambisane nokwakhiwa okujwayelekile komnyango wesibhedlela, ezinye ifenisha.
Izidingo zefenisha
Ifenisha yamahhovisi ezokwelapha ingenziwa ngokhuni noma ngensimbi. Kulokhu, kukhethwa kuqala kulezi zinketho ezinenani elikhulu kakhulu lezimpawu ezifanele. Njengomthetho, izinketho zepulasitiki nezensimbi zihlala zihamba phambili. Lapho kwenziwa imikhiqizo uku-oda, kufanele iqinisekiswe yinhlangano yeRospotrebnadzor. Ngakho-ke, lapho u-oda, kufanele ucabangele izidingo eziyisisekelo, kanye namazinga okuhlanzeka nokusebenza.
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zefenisha yezokwelapha:
- Ukuba khona kwendawo ebushelelezi kuyenza imelane nezinsipho kanye nezinto zokuhlanza;
- Ukumelana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ukungavikeleki ethonyeni lokukhanya kwelanga - uma lesi simo sifinyelelwe, ifenisha ayipheli noma iqhekeze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
- Okokufaka kufanele kube lula ukubulala amagciwane;
- Amadili nezihlalo zokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile emakamelweni okulinda, emahholo ezikhungo zezokwelapha kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezinokuqhuba okuphansi kokushisa.
Izinhlobo ezehlukene zefenisha emahhovisi ahlukene zinezici zazo futhi kufanele zenziwe ukubheka. Ifenisha yaselebhu kufanele imelane nokushisa, imelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Iphinde iqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini kokumelana nama-reagents ngomsebenzi wamakhemikhali onolaka. Uma kunesidingo, hlola ukuxhumana kwayo namadivayisi, njengokusebenza ku-hood fume.
Ifenisha yamazinyo imvamisa iqukethe ifreyimu yensimbi enamashidi wensimbi ashiselwe kuyo, embozwe ngopende olwa nokushisa. Ekwenzeni izinsimbi zensimbi zezakhiwo zezokwelapha, insimbi kanye ne-matt noma i-chrome-plated aluminium zivame ukusetshenziswa. Ngezinhloso zenhlanzeko, lapho kwenziwa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene namatafula wokulungiselela, izinto zenziwa ngengilazi emnene. Kungaba matte, tinted noma esobala.
Ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi, ifenisha ngayinye yezokwelapha iyakhishwa isitifiketi sokubhalisa. Uhlobo ngalunye lwefenisha kufanele lunikezwe isitifiketi kanye nesitifiketi sokuhambisana. Ifenisha yezokwelapha nemishini yamahhovisi ochwepheshe inesikhathi esithile sokusetshenziswa. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, ifenisha kufanele isetshenziswe kabusha. Izithombe zezinhlobo zefenisha ezidingekayo emahhovisi ezokwelapha zivezwa kabanzi esitolo esiku-inthanethi.
Izindlela zokuzikhethela
Ngokuya ngale mibandela engenhla, kwenziwa isethi ephelele yayo yonke ifenisha edingekayo, izinto ezisetshenziswayo namathuluzi. Lapho ukhetha, baqondiswa, okokuqala, ngokusebenza kwesihloko. Okulandelayo, babheka ukuthi ifenisha ekhethiwe isetshenziswa kalula kangakanani futhi ibekwa kanjani, kucatshangelwa i-ergonomics yayo, amathuba okuhlangana nokuhamba.
Umbandela obalulekile yikhono lokunakekela ifenisha. Uma imingcele yomkhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo ze-GOST, ukumbozwa akuwohloka ekubulaweni kwe-disinfection nasekwelashweni kwe-ultraviolet, ungabi manzi, into enjalo ibonwa njengefanelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nomlilo kwezinto kanye nobungozi bokukhishwa kwezinto ezinobuthi uma kwenzeka umlilo ngengozi kufanele kubhekwe. Ifenisha, ekhethwe ngokwemithetho yonke, yenza ukuhlala kweziguli nabasebenzi bezokwelapha esibhedlela kube mnandi futhi kuphephe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isithombe
