Izindlela zokulwa nama-aphid ezihlahleni zezithelo

Intwasahlobo yisikhathi sokuvuka kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo! Umswakama ezitshalweni uqala ukusebenza ngomfutho ovuselelwe, kuvela efihlekile kuqala namaqabunga. Kepha kanye nezimbali ezizuzisayo, izilwane ziyavuka, zilungele ukulimaza izitshalo zethu.

Ama-aphid awazinaki izihlahla noma izihlahlana. Abasebenza engadini bachitha umzamo omkhulu nemali ukulwa nayo. Ukuvinjelwa nokubhujiswa kwale kholomu yezinambuzane kuqukethe izinqubo eziningi ze-agrotechnical.

Izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezitshalweni zensimu

Ama-aphid angumndeni wezinambuzane zeHemiptera. Ubukhulu busuka ku-5 kuye ku-7 mm, bayakwazi ukundiza besuka endaweni beya kwenye, ezinye izinhlobo azinawo amaphiko. Ngosizo lomoya, izintwala zingahanjiswa zifike kuma-25 km. Lezi zinambuzane zizala ngokweqile futhi zibekele amaqanda ebusika.

Izihlahla ezitshaliwe zithinteka yizinhlobo eziningana zama-aphid:

1. Yablonnaya (red-gall (grey), green, bloody) - aphid grey ayakwazi ukucekela phansi isihlahla sonke uma ungalwi naso.

   Ngaphandle kwegama, lolu hlobo lungathelela nezinye izihlahla zezithelo.

2. okusamathunduluka - kuthinta ama-cherries nama-cherry amnandi, amaqanda awo amelana nesithwathwa. Uma ziyekwe zingalawulwa, izinambuzane zonakalisa ikhwalithi yezithelo.
3. UMealy (furry) - uthanda ukuhlala kwizithelo zamawolintshi, amagilebhisi. Yanda ngokushesha okukhulu futhi iholele ekufeni kwesitshalo.
4. Ishidi - parasitizes ngesikhathi ezishisayo. Ithinta izihlahla ezinqabayo, iheha izintuthwane ngaphezu kwezinye (funda nge-symbiosis yama-aphid nezintuthwane lapha).
5. Abamba Ukushisa (ugwayi, ipentshisi) - kubangela ukhunta lwe-sooty ezitshalweni, kuyisithwali esisebenzayo sezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Uma zishiywa zingelashwa, izithelo zezithelo zamatshe zilahlekelwa isivuno sazo.

Sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zama-aphid kule ndaba, mayelana ne-apple aphid nezinye izinhlobo ezichazwe lapha.

Kungadala muphi umonakalo?

I-aphid eyodwa ayikwazi ukulimaza isitshalo, kepha amandla ayo wokukhiqiza kabusha ngokushesha enza izindawo zokuhlala eziningi.

• Ama-aphid ahlala esitshalweni futhi amunca amajusi kuso (mayelana nokuthi adliwa yini ama-aphid nokuthi athinta ziphi izilimo, thola lapha, ukuthi i-aphid ihlala kuphi nokuthi ivelaphi, funda lapha). Kulezi zindawo, kwakhiwa izindawo ezifile. Lokhu kubandakanya ukoma kwamahlumela amancane nokulahleka kwesivuno.
• Into enoshukela (uju lwezinyosi) ekhishwa izintwala iyakwazi ukuheha izintuthwane, ezizovikela leli koloni ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi kuzo.
• Iphedi lihlanganisa amaqabunga futhi ngaleyo ndlela likhuthaze ukukhula kwefungus kuwo, kuyilapho isikhunta siphazamisa inqubo ye-photosynthesis.
• Isinambuzane asilimazi izitshalo sisodwa, kepha futhi sithwala amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic.

Ama-aphid angazulazula esuka ohlotsheni oluthile lwesitshalo aye kolunye, ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka.

Izimpawu zesifo se-aphid:

• amahlumela amasha kanye namafihlekile ambozwe ngamaqoqo ama-aphid;
• izinambuzane eziningi zihlangana ngaphansi kwamaqabunga;
• izinhlayiya ezimhlophe kusigaxa se-aphid isikhumba sazo esidala;
• amaqabunga kanye namafihlekile ambozwe uju oluqinile;
• amaqabunga athintekile asonga futhi ome;
• amahlumela athintekile awakhuli.

Izindlela zokususa

Izindlela zokulawula i-Aphid:

1. Amakhemikhali, usebenzisa ama-insecticide. Indlela esheshayo, esebenzayo futhi elula, kepha amalungiselelo asetshenziselwa izitshalo zezithelo angaba yingozi ezilwaneni nakubantu.
2. Okwezinto eziphilayo - ngosizo lwalezi zindlela, izitha zemvelo zama-aphid ziyakhangwa. Indlela enobungani nemvelo futhi ephephile. Umphumela kuzodingeka ulinde futhi awuqinisekisi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwezinambuzane.
3. Izindlela zendabuko - eshibhile, ephephile, eyenziwe ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe, ayisebenzi kakhulu.

Sebenza umhlaba

Ukunisela umhlaba ngama-insecticide kuyasebenza ukulwa nama-aphid ezitshalweni zomhlaba. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezihlahleni, ukufafaza kusebenza kakhulu. Kepha, ukutshalwa kwenhlabathi okuvimbayo kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokusabalala kwe-aphid:

• Ukumba inhlabathi ekwindla noma entwasahlobo kuzosiza ukuthola nokubhubhisa amaqanda ezinambuzane.
• Ukunisela inhlabathi nge-ammophos hood.
• Ukunisela umlotha wezinkuni.
• Ukutshala izitshalo ezikhethekile ezixosha ama-aphid (i-coriander, i-mint, u-anyanisi, i-fennel, i-dill, i-yarrow, i-dandelion).

Ukunakwa! Amakhemikhali e-systemic (izixazululo zokunisela, amaphilisi anamathele emhlabathini) amuncwa yimpande yesitshalo futhi angalimaza impilo yomuntu.

Ungazicubungula kanjani izitshalo zezithelo, nokuthi uzofutha kanjani?

Kwabalimi abaningi, intwasahlobo iqala ngokwelapha izihlahla zezithelo.

1. ukuthena amagatsha angenampilo nokususa amaqabunga asele;
2. ukwenza umhlophe iziqu, ukugoqa isiqu ngomgqomo noma amakhadibhodi anomthambo, ugcobe ngamafutha (ukuvimbela ukufuduka kwezintuthwane ziye esiqwini somuthi).

Izinyathelo ezinjalo zinconywa ekwindla, kepha zizosebenza nasentwasahlobo.

Amagatsha asikiwe kufanele ashiswe, imiphumela yomlilo ngeke ishiye noma yiliphi ithuba lokusinda ezinambuzane.

Ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ukuze wonke amagatsha namaqabunga kuswakanyiswe kakhulu. Isixazululo ngeke singene emaqabungeni agoqiwe, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kwenqubo, udinga ukususa izindawo ezinegciwane.

Ukufafaza nini:

• amagatsha, ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwamaqabunga;
• ngaphambi kokuqhakaza;
• ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ngesikhathi se-ovary;
• inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuvuna;
• emasontweni amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna, udinga ukuyeka ukufafaza izihlahla.

Amalungiselelo okulawulwa kwe-aphid:

1. Ama-neonicotinoids:
   • I-Aktara (thiamethoxam), i-Confidor (imidacloprid) - eyenzelwe ukunisela nokufafaza. Kusebenza kahle kakhulu, kuyabiza, ngeke kugeze ngesikhathi semvula. Ukusetshenziswa 4g ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi.
   • I-Tanrek (imidacloprid), ukusetshenziswa kwe-3 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
   • I-Spark Zolotaya (imidacloprid), ukusetshenziswa kwe-5 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
2. Amakhemikhali e-Organophosphorus:
   • I-Actellic (pirimifos-methyl);
   • Karbofos;
   • Ama-anti-mite;
   • I-Alatar;
   • Fufanon.

   Kukhona ukumelana okwandayo kwale mithi.

3. Ama-Pyrethroids: imvume (Kinmiks, Decis, Profi, Inta-Vir).
4. Ama-Biologicals:
   • I-Fitoverm;
   • I-Akarin.

   Azingeni kwizithelo namaqabunga, futhi azinabo ubuthi ezinyosini emahoreni amane ngemuva kokwelashwa. Yenza ukucubungula kuphela ekushiseni komoya okungu-18-20˚С!

Ukumelana kukhula nganoma iyiphi indlela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe umuthi ukwelashwa isikhathi ngasinye.

Okubalulekile! Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela nemaski lapho ufafaza!

Izici zempi

Kuma-plums

1. Susa zonke izingxenye zezitshalo ezinegciwane.
2. Phatha umboko ukuwuvikela ezintuthwaneni.
3. Phatha indawo yezimpande ngeFitoverm.
4. Ukucubungula isenzo:
   • Ukufutheka, Karbofos, Arrivo, Fufan. Ubuthi buhlangana negobolondo eliphezulu lesinambuzane, ngemuva kwalokho life.
   • Amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi (i-Decis, Karbofos) asetshenziselwa ukufafaza ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
   • Izidakamizwa zesistimu (i-Aktara kanye ne-analogues) zingena esiphuzweni sesitshalo, izinambuzane ziyafa lapho zondliwa ngosawoti onobuthi.
   • Ukulimala kwamathumbu (Confidor, BI-58) - kufa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi ubuthi bungene emgodini wamathumbu.
   • Ukucubungula ngemikhiqizo yebhayoloji: Akarin, Fitoverm.
   • Ukucubungula ngesikhathi sokuhluma: ukulungiswa "okungu-30 plus", kwakha ifilimu ebusweni begxolo, lapho umswakama nomoya ungatholi ngaphansi kwawo, futhi izinambuzane ziyafa.
5. Phinda ufafaze ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-5.
6. Ukufafaza nge-potassium monophosphate (15g nge-10l yamanzi).
7. Ukufafaza nge-infusions yamakhambi (ugwayi, ama-marigolds, igalikhi, i-yarrow, utamatisi namazambane aphezulu).

Izindlela zendabuko zincoma:

• Ukuheha i-ladybug (izimbali ze-calendula zitshalwe ngalokhu) Funda ngokulwa nama-aphid ngosizo lwama-ladybugs lapha.
• Ukondla isihlahla nge-potassium sulfate (izipuni ezintathu ngebhakede ngalinye lamanzi) kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukukhula kwama-aphid.

Okubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesitshalo, awukwazi ukufaka ubuthi kuma-aphid! Ingabulala izinyosi nama-drones.

On kalamula

Amalamula akhula ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezinomswakama, yizimo lezi zintwala ezithandayo futhi, ngakho-ke, zivame ukuhlasela izithelo ezisawolintshi.

Izindlela zokwelashwa eziphumelela kakhulu yimithi yezimboni:

1. I-Fitoverm - ingasetshenziswa ku-greenhouse nasekhaya, ukucubungula kwenziwa kaningi ngekhefu lesonto.
2. Spark Gold - isibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi, esiphephile emhlabathini nasezitshalweni; sebenzisa ngaphakathi endlini kuphela ngokujikeleza komoya okuhle.
3. Dichlorvos - umenzeli oyingozi nolaka, isihlahla sasekhaya sifakwa esikhwameni esine-napkin ephathwe nge-dichlorvos) amahora ambalwa. Ngemuva kwenqubo, hlambulula amaqabunga kahle ngamanzi.

Uma inani le-aphid likhulu kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kususwe izindawo ezinesifo, kumbozwe inhlabathi ebhodweni ngesikhwama, bese ugeza umqhele ngamanzi anensipho kanye nebhulashi elithambile.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kwakho konke ukukhohlisa, fafaza isihlahla nge- "Epin" ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwaso.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Kungcono ukwenza ukuvimbela ekwindla, bese kuthi entwasahlobo uzoba nomsebenzi omncane okulindele:

1. Sika bese ushisa zonke izindawo ezithintekile zezihlahla. Phatha iziqu futhi usike izingosi ngomcako omhlophe.
2. Futha izitshalo ngamanzi ashisayo (70-80˚С), phinda inqubo entwasahlobo (kuze kufike ikhefu lehlumela). Amanzi ashisayo angafakwa esikhundleni se-Nitrofen solution (300 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
3. Chitha imikhuhlane yezintuthwane eduze kwezihlahla ngokuthelela amanzi abilayo phezu kwazo.
4. Nisela izihlahla, uvundise, ufafaze futhi ulokhu uzihlanganisa njalo.
5. Susa njalo izihlahlana ezingadingekile. Amaqabunga athambile futhi athambile amahlumela azodonsela ukunakekelwa kwezintwala.
6. Susa amagxolo amadala avulekile ukuze uvikele izinambuzane zingangeni kuwo.
7. Izihlahla ze-Viburnum ne-linden ziheha ama-aphid, ngakho-ke ungatshali izitshalo ezinjalo eduze kwezihlahla zezithelo.

Ama-aphid angatheleleka kunoma yisiphi isitshalo sengadi. Kumvimbela ekukhuleni, athele izithelo futhi angabhubhisa. Izindlela zokuzivikela zingavimbela ama-aphid ekuzaleni endaweni yakho. Uma ukutheleleka kungavinjelwa, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali nezesintu zizokusiza, okuzokusiza kalula ekulweleni izihlahla zakho.

Bukela ividiyo: How I Handle Aphids (Juni 2024).