Izindlela, imithetho kanye nama-nuances wokutshala ubhatata emhlabathini ovulekile noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo

IBatat yisiko le-thermophilic elithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo. Ubhatata usuyimpande yemifino oyithandayo phakathi kwabalimi bemifino ngenxa yamaphethini wabo wokutshala acacile nokukhula okulula. Isivuno esivuniwe sikulungele ukubilisa, ukubhaka, ukuthosa, ukomisa, ukuthola ushukela, ufulawa, utshwala kanye nama-molasses.

Ukuze ubhatata ujabulise ngenqwaba yezitshalo zezimpande ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo, kuyadingeka ukuphendula imibuzo elandelayo - yiziphi izindlela zokutshala nokuthi ungakhulisa kanjani isiko ekhaya.

Ungatshala eduze kwani nangemva kwalokho?

Abanduleli abahle bamazambane:

• ukhukhamba;
• i-zucchini;
• amathanga;
• ubhontshisi;
• uphizi;
• iklabishi.

Omakhelwane abahle:

• utamatisi;
• ukukhothama;
• ugaliki.

Ungazikhetha kanjani izilimo eziyizigaxa nezimbewu ezilungile zobhatata?

Izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme ziyizilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlanzekile, ngosayizi ophakathi, ngaphandle kokulimala noma ukubola. Ifomu:

• oyindilinga;
• cylindrical;
• i-fusiform noma i-ribbed.

Umbala:

• okubomvu;
• beige;
• i-orange noma i-purple (kuya ngohlobo olukhethiwe).

Lapho ukhetha imbewu, kufanele unake ukufaneleka kokuhluma kwabo esifundeni esithile. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezinesikhathi sokuvuthwa okulingene zilungele izifunda ezisenyakatho neRussia emaphakathi. Imbewu kufanele ibe nesikhwama esimnyama esinsundu, esingaba ngu-3.5 mm ubude. Gwema ukukhetha imbewu enamabala, elimele, ebunjiwe.

Izinhlobonhlobo ipharamitha ebalulekile lapho ukhetha ubhatata.

Abafuyi bakwazile ukufuya izinhlobo ezifanelekile zokutshala emadolobheni afudumele nabandayo eRussia. Lapho uthenga izinto zokutshala, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo. Uma ungayinaki le nto, ungalahlekelwa isivuno sakho.

Ingabe kukhona umehluko phakathi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile nasendlini eluhlaza?

Inqubo yokutshala ubhatata ku-greenhouse nangaphandle ayihlukile kakhulu. Ubhatata isitshalo se-thermophilic. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukutshala enhlabathini efudumele kuze kufike ku- + 18 ° C. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukuqoqa izinhlobo zakuqala zokutshala ezindaweni ezivulekile, nezinhlobonhlobo eziwephuzile nezasekuqaleni ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.

Yiziphi izindlela?

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokutshala ubhatata - izilimo eziyizigaxa nembewu. Inketho yokuqala ifaka ukuhluma i-tuber ekhaya noma ukuyitshala ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Wonke umuntu osebenza engadini angasebenzisa le ndlela, noma ngabe uhlala kuphi.

Indlela yembewu ifaka ezinye izinto ezingaphansi ezimbili:

• Ukuthola izithombo. Le nketho kufanele ikhethwe yizakhamizi zezifunda ezisenyakatho neRussia emaphakathi. Beka okokutshala ezitsheni zesikhashana, linda ukuthi amahlumela avele. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izitshalo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
• Ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ngabalimi abahlala emadolobheni anesimo sezulu esifudumele. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli emibhedeni elungiselelwe.

Izinsuku zokutshala ubhatata ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zicishe zifane. Ngakho-ke, azikuthinti ukukhetha kwendlela. Umlimi uyazikhethela ukuthi uzitshala kanjani ubhatata.

Umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo: ungamila kanjani ubhatata?

Ukuqala ukutshala ubhatata, udinga ukuqonda ezinye izingqinamba. Zimi kanje:

• Isikhathi. Maphakathi noMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Inhlabathi kufanele ifudumele ifike ku + 15- + 18 ° C. Ukutshala kusenesikhathi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ku-greenhouse.
• Umhlabathi. Ekwindla, bamba inhlabathi ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-15 kuya kuma-20 entwasahlobo, engeza i-humus, isihlabathi esimahhadlahhadla, umanyolo (i-nitrogen, i-potash ne-phosphorus). Bambe futhi.
• Yokusungula. Ukuze uthole izithombo, uzodinga amabhokisi, iziqukathi zengilazi noma izinkomishi ezilahlwayo. Iziqukathi kufanele zibulawe amagciwane, zigezwe futhi zomiswe. Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, uzodinga ithuluzi lesandla ngendlela yefolokhwe noma ifosholo, amabhakede amanzi, i-mulch.
• Izinto zokutshala. Phatha izilimo eziyizigaxa noma imbewu, sebulala amagciwane. Cwilisa isisombululo se-fungicide noma i-biofungicide ukwandisa umkhiqizo, lahla izifo ezahlukahlukene.
• Indawo. Kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe indawo eseningizimu, ekhanyisiwe, kodwa evaliwe. Ubhatata awubekezeleli umthunzi nomoya.
• Uhlelo lokufika. Ubhatata uyagoqana bese uyahamba, ngakho-ke shiya ibanga elide phakathi kwemigqa nezimbobo. Cishe amasentimitha angama-75-100. Isikimu esihlanganisiwe singama-75x35 cm noma ama-50x50 cm.

Okulandelayo, sizocubungula ama-nuances amakhulu azosiza ukwenza kahle umsebenzi wokutshala ubhatata. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi indlela ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nemithetho.

Sincoma ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emayelana nokukhulisa ubhatata:

Izilimo eziyizigaxa

Kungcono ukuqala ukuhluma izilimo eziyizigaxa ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari.

Khipha amagciwane entweni yokutshala ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-sulfate yethusi. Bese ulungisa iziqukathi, wenze izimbobo zamanzi, ufake ama-pallets.

Sebenzisa le miyalo elandelayo:

1. Lungisa inhlabathi. Hlanganisa inani elilinganayo lesihlabathi, umhlaba kanye ne-humus. Sishisa ingxube kuhhavini imizuzu engu-15 ezingeni lokushisa elingu- + 180 ° C.
2. Beka izilimo eziyizigaxa emabhokisini. Vala u-2/3 wesitsha ngenhlabathi yokubumba. Cindezela izilimo eziyizigaxa enhlabathini bese ufafaza isihlabathi ungqimba luka-4 cm.
3. Amanzi amaningi. Imithi yokwelashwa kufanele ibe njalo. Bheka izinga lomswakama womhlabathi - gwema ukuchichima. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imbewu izobola futhi ife.
4. Beka amabhokisi ohlangothini olunelanga. Gcina izinga lokushisa lika + 18- + 27 ° C.
5. Amahlumela azovela ezinsukwini ezingama-30 emva kokutshala. Hlukanisa isitshalo bese ubeka ezinkomishini zamanzi.
6. Ngemuva kokubonakala kohlelo lwempande, kuyadingeka ukutshala izitshalo ezitsheni ezihlukile.

Ungatshala izilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini ovulekile maphakathi no-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kufanele lifudumele lifike ku + 15 ° C, bese izinga lokushisa lomoya libe ngu - + 25 ° C. Tshala izitshalo ngokohlelo olukhonjisiwe phambilini, ubheka ukujula kwamasentimitha ayi-5 kuya kwayi-10.Simboza isitshalo ngasinye ngembiza noma ibhodlela ukuze ufudumale. Susa iziqukathi ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amasha aqinile.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini

Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela zisekuqaleni noma ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Lungiselela ukuxuba kokubhoda kwezingxenye ezilinganayo zomhlaba, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus. Khipha amagciwane imbewu ngeso lengxube le-manganese futhi yomile.

Bese usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

1. Thela ingxube yenhlabathi ezitsheni bese ucwilisa imbewu ekujuleni kwe-1.5-2 cm.
2. Izitsha zokumboza ezinokugoqwa kwepulasitiki bese uzibeka endaweni efudumele.
3. Nisela njalo.
4. Hlanganisa amahlumela kusasele amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala. Kwanele ukukhipha iziqukathi uye nazo emoyeni omusha futhi uzigcine zikule fomu cishe amahora amabili.

Izitshalo zikulungele ukufakelwa ngaphandle uma zingu-15-20 cm ubude futhi zinamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu eqiniso. Lapho utshala, yenza ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande.

Ngezansi kunemiyalo yokuthi ungatshala kanjani isithombo samazambane amazambane nendlela yokutshala

Kusetshenziswa amahlumela ahluma

1. Hlanza kahle izilimo eziyizigaxa bese uzisika zibe izingxenye eziningana. Uma i-tuber incane, kwanele ukuyihlukanisa kabili. Ukusika okukhulu kube yizicucu ezintathu noma ezine.
2. Gcwalisa isitsha ngamanzi. Kungcono ukhethe imbiza yengilazi njengesitsha. Ingaphezulu lembiza kufanele lifane nosayizi we-tuber. Faka ubhatata emanzini ukuze ingxenye esikiwe ibe semanzini.
3. Beka iziqukathi endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, efudumele.
4. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25, khetha ngokucophelela amahlumela aqhamukayo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, izimpande zizovela. Ubhatata ulungele ukutshalwa ngaphandle.

Ngaphandle kwezithombo

Abalimi bemifino abanolwazi bathi le ndlela ayifanele ukutshala ubhatata. Uma ungcwaba ngqo izilimo eziyizigaxa enhlabathini, khona-ke amahlumela kungenzeka angahlumi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ubhatata yisitshalo esinenkathi ende kakhulu yokukhula, ngakho-ke izithelo azinaso isikhathi sokwakha. Ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuyadingeka.

Imiyalo ingokulandelayo:

1. Kubalulekile ukuchelela kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqothula. Engxenyeni yesibili yesizini ekhulayo, nciphisa inani lezinqubo zamanzi - kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Uma isizini lina, ungabandakanyi ukuchelela. Yeka ukunisela emasontweni amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna.
2. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kusetshenziswe engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti. Umanyolo omuhle ukumnika umlotha wokhuni: thela izingilazi eziyi-1-2 kumalitha ayi-10 wamanzi bese uphikelela amasonto ama-2. Faka umanyolo kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-14, ngenkathi uthela ilitha elilodwa lokumnika ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa.

Ubhatata akuvamile ukuthi uhlaselwe izinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Uma umlimi engabona noma yiziphi izinambuzane noma izindawo ezinesifo eziqongweni, kuyadingeka ukwelapha izitshalo ngamafungicides anamuhla.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona nobunzima

Ukutshala ubhatata kulula futhi kulula, ngisho nangensimu engenalwazi. Into esemqoka ukulungiselela kahle ingxube yenhlabathi, khetha isiza sokutshala. Ungakhohlwa ngezincomo zomkhiqizi maqondana nokuhlukahluka okuthile.

Ukutshala ubhatata kuyinqubo ethokozisayo nengenzimaukuthi noma ngubani oqalayo angakwazi ukusingatha. Uma ufika kulo mcimbi ngendlela efanele, ekugcineni ungathola isivuno esinothile sezitshalo zezimpande futhi ezinambithekayo. Into esemqoka ukubheka zonke izincomo nezeluleko, khetha ngokucophelela izinto zokutshala nendawo okutshalwa kuyo, futhi unakekele kahle izitshalo.

Bukela ividiyo: Amaphupho S1 Ep2. Ukuphupha Unethwa. Ukhuphuka Intaba. Dr Mlondi - Inyanga yabantu (May 2024).