ISuleymaniye Mosque e-Istanbul: mayelana nethempeli elikhulu kunawo wonke elinesithombe
I-Istanbul ingabhekwa kufanele njengenhloko-dolobha yamaSulumane eTurkey. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kulapha lapho kunenombolo enkulu kunazo zonke yamathempeli amaSulumane, inani lalo kusukela ngoSepthemba 2018 amayunithi angama-3362. Futhi phakathi kwalezi zinkulungwane zezikhumbuzo zenkolo, iSuleymaniye Mosque e-Istanbul ithatha indawo ekhethekile. Yini eyingqayizivele yalesi sakhiwo esivelele, nokuthi yiziphi izimfihlo ezigcinwa yizindonga zayo, sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni sethu.
Ulwazi oluvamile
ISuleymaniye Mosque iyinkimbinkimbi enkulu yesikhathi sama-Ottoman, ithempeli elikhulu kunawo wonke lamaSulumane e-Istanbul, elihlala endaweni yesibili ngokubaluleka edolobheni. Lesi sakhiwo sisatshalaliswe endaweni endala yedolobha elisentabeni engasemngceleni weGolden Horn. Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo esikhulu, isakhiwo sezenkolo sihlanganisa nezinye izakhiwo eziningi ezakhiwa yilezi zindlu: i-hamam yaseTurkey, inkantini yabangenamakhaya, i-Observatory, i-madrasah, umtapo wezincwadi nokunye okuningi. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kwezakhiwo kuhlala endaweni engaphezulu kuka-4500 sq. amamitha.
Izindonga zaseSuleymaniye zingahlalisa amakholwa afinyelela ku-5 000, okwenza kube ngomunye wamaSulumane avakashelwa kakhulu hhayi kuphela abahlali bendawo, kodwa futhi nabahambeli bamaSulumane abavela kwezinye izifundazwe. Futhi, ithempeli lithandwa kakhulu ngabavakashi abavamile, hhayi umhlobiso omuhle wesakhiwo kuphela, kodwa futhi namathuna kaSultan Suleiman I the Magnificent noRoksolana wakhe othandekayo.
Indaba emfushane
Umlando weSqueymaniye Mosque e-Istanbul usukela emuva ngonyaka we-1550, lapho uSuleiman I ethathe isinqumo sokwakha ithempeli lamaSulumane elikhulu kunawo wonke futhi elihle kunawo wonke embusweni. Umdwebi odumile wase-Ottoman uMimar Sinan, odume ngethalente lakhe lokwakha izakhiwo ngaphandle kohlelo lokwakha, waqala ukuthola umbono wepadishah. Lapho emisa ithempeli, unjiniyela wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokwakha, lapho izitini zaziboshwa khona kanye nabakaki bensimbi abakhethekile futhi kamuva bagcwaliswa ngomthofu oncibilikisiwe.
Sekukonke, ukwakhiwa kweSuleymaniye kwathatha cishe iminyaka engu-7, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umakhi wakwazi ukwakha isakhiwo esiqinile futhi esiqinile, uSinan ngokwakhe abikezela ukuba khona okuphakade. Futhi ngemuva kwamakhulu eminyaka ambalwa, amazwi akhe awangatshazwa ngomzuzwana ohlukanisiwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, akukho nokuzamazama komhlaba okunyakazise i-Istanbul, njengomlilo owodwa esakhiweni uqobo, okungabhubhisa ithempeli elidumile.
Izakhiwo kanye nomhlobiso wangaphakathi
Ngisho nakwisithombe seSuleymaniye Mosque e-Istanbul, umuntu angaqonda ukuthi ubukeka kahle kanjani futhi ubukeka kahle isakhiwo senkolo. Ukuphakama kwedome enkulu ngamamitha angama-53, futhi ububanzi bayo bufinyelela cishe kumamitha angama-28. I-mosque ihlotshiswe ngama-minarets we-4 aphawuleka ngamathempeli amaSulumane: amabili awo angamamitha angama-56 ukuphakama, amanye amabili - ama-76 amamitha.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yonke iqoqo lezakhiwo lisenkabeni yensimu ebanzi, kwezinye izindawo lapho kunemithombo eminingi yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Futhi ingadi uqobo lwayo izungeze isakhiwo sesikole, noma, njengoba ibizwa njalo lapha, i-madrasah.
Engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSuleymaniye kukhona igceke elikhulu, ngaphakathi lapho kufakwa khona amathuna kaSultan nomkakhe uRoksolana (Khyurrem). Ithuna le-padishah liyisakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezine esinophahla oluyindilinga, elihlotshiswe ngezinsika zemabula. Kunamathuna ayisikhombisa ngaphakathi kwe-mausoleum, kufaka phakathi i-sarcophagus ye-sultan uqobo. Ingaphakathi lethuna liphethwe yizinto zokuhlobisa zethayela lemabula elinemihlobiso yendabuko yamaSulumane.
Eduze kwamakhosi kaSultan kukhona ithuna elime ngokufana neRoksolana, lapho kufakwa khona i-sarcophagi nomlotha wendodana yakhe uMehmed nomshana wombusi uSultan Khanym. Umhlobiso wangaphakathi lapha uhluke ngokuphelele, kepha unamakhono amancane. Izindonga zethuna zigcwele amathayili aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-Izmir, lapho kwethulwa khona imibhalo yezinkondlo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-dome esethuneni likaRoxolana ipendwe ngokumhlophe futhi akukho mibhalo eqoshiwe kuyo. Ngakho-ke, umakhi wezakhiwo wayefuna ukugcizelela ubumsulwa bomphefumulo nenhliziyo kaHürrem.
Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa amathuna aseSultan naseRoksolana, okwenzela izivakashi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe, isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-mosque sithakazelisa kakhulu. Lesi sakhiwo sinamawindi ayi-168, angama-32 awo atholakala ngaphezulu kwedome. Ngenxa yalomklami womklami, imisebe yokukhanya igeleza emfudlaneni ojiyile osuka ngenhla usuka kudome uye phansi, okudala isimo esikhethekile sokuhlangana komuntu noNkulunkulu.
Ithalente lomdwebi libonakaliswa kuyo yonke imihlobiso yemosque, lapho kungatholwa khona womabili amathayela emabula nezinto zengilazi ezinamabala. Ihholo le-mosque lihlotshiswe ngemidwebo yezimbali neyejometri, eminingi yayo ehambisana nemibhalo engcwele evela kwiKoran. Phansi kwalesi sakhiwo kumbozwe okhaphethi ngemibala eminingi ebomvu nebhulowu. I-chandelier enkulu eyenziwe ngamalambu amaningi wezithonjana, akhanyiswa ngemisebe yokugcina yelanga, isebenza njengomhlobiso okhethekile wehholo.
Igceke langaphambili laseSuleymaniye, elisehlangothini olusentshonalanga lwalenxanxathela, lihlotshiswe ngezinsika zemabula, futhi ungangena kulo ngeminyango emithathu ngasikhathi sinye. Maphakathi negceke, kunomthombo wamatshe wemabula omise okuyisikwele, osebenzela ukugezwa okungokwesiko ngaphambi komkhuleko. Ebusweni obuphambili be-mosque kule ngxenye yenkimbinkimbi, ungabona amaphaneli amaningi e-ceramic anemibhalo engcwele ngesi-Arabhu.
Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu
Ufika kanjani lapho
ISuleymaniye itholakala ku-20 km empumalanga ye-Ataturk International Airport kanye ne-3 km enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSultanahmet Square evakashelwe kakhulu e-Istanbul. I-mosque enamathuna kaSuleiman neRoksolana itholakala emgwaqeni okude kakhulu nokuheha okuyinhloko kwedolobha, kepha ngeke kube nzima ukufika lapha.
Ungafika kanjani eSuleymaniye Mosque e-Istanbul? Inketho elula lapha kungaba uku-oda itekisi, kepha ngohambo olunjalo kuzodingeka ukhokhe isamba esiyindilinga. Futhi uma ungakakulungeli ukusebenzisa imali eningi ekuhambeni, zizwe ukhululekile ukuya kulayini wethilamu T 1 Kabataş-Bağcılar bese ulandela isitobhi seLaleli-Üniversite. Izindleko zohambo olunjalo zingu-2.60 tl kuphela.
Ngemuva kokuthi wehle kuthrafikhi, kuzofanela unqobe ibangana elingaphezu kwekhilomitha ngezinyawo uye ekukhangeni uqobo. Njengoba i-mosque itholakala egqumeni, ama-minaret ayo azoba senkanjini yakho yombono noma ukude. Mane ubalandele emigwaqweni yedolobha uye eSüleymaniye Avenue, futhi ngemizuzu engu-15-20 uzobe usendaweni oya kuyo.
Ngemibono ye-Istanbul, bona imininingwane ku- leli khasi.
Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu
Imininingwane ewusizo
Ikheli eliqondile: USüleymaniye Mah, uProf. Sıddık Sami Onar Cd. Cha: 1, 34116 Fatih / İstanbul.
Isikhathi sokuvula seSuleymaniye Mosque: izivakashi zingavakashela amathuna kaSuleiman I naseRoksolana, kanye nethempeli uqobo lwalo nsuku zonke phakathi kwemikhuleko.
- Ekuseni kusukela ngo-08: 30 kuya ku-11: 30
- Ngesikhathi sokudla kwasemini ngo-13: 00 kuya ku-14: 30
- Ntambama kusuka ngo-15: 30 kuya ku-16: 45
- NgoLwesihlanu, iminyango yama-mosque ivulekele izivakashi kusuka ngo-13: 30.
Izindleko zokuvakasha: kungenwa mahhala.
Imithetho yokuvakasha
Ngaphambi kokuya eSuleymaniye Mosque e-Istanbul, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka amahora wokuvula ale nxanxathela. Yize imininingwane ikhonjisiwe emithonjeni eminingi ukuthi okuhehayo kuvuliwe kusuka ngo-8: 00 kuya ku-18: 00, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lesi sikhungo sinikeza isikhathi esihlukile abavakashi abazosivakashela, esichaze ngokuningiliziwe ngenhla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nohambo lwethempeli namathuna kaSuleiman I noRoksolana, kufanele ulandele ikhodi yokugqoka eqinile. Abesifazane kumele bavale amakhanda, izingalo nemilenze, kanti namabhulukwe nawo awukho lapho. Amadoda awavunyelwe ukungena ethempelini efake izikhindi nezikibha. Ngaphambi kokungena e-mosque, isivakashi ngasinye kufanele sikhumule izicathulo.
Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zaseSuleymaniye, ukuhleleka nokuthula kufanele kubhekwe, umuntu akumele ahleke noma akhulume kakhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukuphatha ngenhlonipho amanye amakholwa. Ukudubula ngekhamera nocingo akuvumelekile, ngakho-ke, kuyinkinga enkulu ukuthatha isithombe somsamo weSuleymaniye onamathuna eRoksolana naseSuleiman ngaphandle kokwephula okuxhunyelelwayo.
Funda futhi: Izintengo zokuvakasha ku-Stabul + ukubuka konke kokunikezwa okuhle kakhulu.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Isakhiwo esivelele njengeSuleymaniye asikwazi ukufihla izimfihlo. Futhi izinganekwane ezakhiwa ngalesi sakhiwo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule ziyezwakala kuze kube namuhla.
Omunye wabo uthi nangaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukwakhiwa kwesonto lamaSulumane, umprofethi uMohammed uqobo wabonakala epadishah ephusheni futhi wakhombisa indawo yokwakhiwa kwethempeli elizayo. Evuka, lo sultan wabiza ngokushesha umakhi uSinan, owathi, lapho ezobona inkosi, ngenjabulo wavuma ukuthi wayenephupho elifanayo ebusuku.
Ngokwenye indaba, uSuleiman wayengajabule neze ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kwesonto lamaSulumane kwabambezeleka iminyaka eminingi. Intukuthelo yakhe yaphinde yaphakanyiswa yisipho esathunyelwa sivela ePersian Shah - isifuba esinamagugu nobucwebe. Ngokuthinta okufanayo, umPheresiya wayefuna ukusikisela ukuthi uSultan wayengenayo imali esele yokuqedela ukwakha. Vele, lezo zipho ezihlekisayo zamcasula uSuleiman futhi zavusa intukuthelo enkulu, lapho ipadishah yayala khona ukuthi amagugu athunyelwe afakwe esisekelweni sendawo engcwele.
Enye inganekwane ihlotshaniswa nama-acoustics amahle eSuleymaniye, uSinan akwazi ukuwathola ngendlela engeyona eyejwayelekile. Ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo, umakhi wezakhiwo wayala ukuba akhe ojeke besimo esikhethekile ezindongeni zomsque, abavumele ukuthi babonise umsindo kahle. Ngasikhathi sinye, amahemuhemu afika epadishah ukuthi umakhi wakhe walwa ngokuphelele ezandleni zakhe, washiya ukwakhiwa, futhi wenza lokho kuphela ukuthi ubhema i-narghile usuku lonke. U-sultan othukuthele unquma ukuya endaweni yokwakha ngokwakhe futhi, efika endaweni, uthola inkosi kahle iphethe i-hookah ezandleni zayo, kepha ayitholi ntuthu. Kwavela ukuthi umakhi wezakhiwo, egigitheka ngamanzi, ulinganise izakhiwo ze-acoustic ze-mosque. Ngenxa yalokho, uSuleiman wajabula ngobuhlakani obumangalisayo bonjiniyela wakhe.
Kepha lezi zinganekwane akuyona ukuphela kwento enelukuluku lokwazi ngesiphephelo esidumile samathuna aseRoksolana nepadishah. Kunamanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo, phakathi kwalokhu okulandelayo okufanele kuqashelwe:
- I-Hamam (ibhavu yaseTurkey) isebenza endaweni ekhangayo kuze kube yilolu suku. Futhi namuhla izivakashi zale nxanxathela zinethuba lokuvakashela izindawo zokugeza zeRoxolana ngemali ethe xaxa. Kepha ngeke ukwazi ukungena kubhavu odumile uwedwa: ngemuva kwakho konke, lolu uhlobo oluxubekile i-hamam, futhi imibhangqwana kuphela evunyelwe kulo.
- Ngo-1985, i-UNESCO yathatha lesi sakhiwo sezenkolo ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamazwe omhlaba, sayifaka ohlwini lwayo lwamaGugu Omhlaba.
- Uma ubhekisisa kahle, ungabona amaqanda amakhulu entshe emiswe phakathi kwamalambu ehholo laseSuleymaniye. Njengoba kwenzekile, amaqanda akuyona into yokuhlobisa nhlobo, kepha indlela yokulwa nezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ngezicabucabu, ezizama ukuziqhelelanisa nalezi zinyoni.
- Amamina amane wethempeli lamaSulumane akhombisa ukubusa kukaSuleiman njengombusi wesine wase-Istanbul.
- Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uRoksolana ushone eminyakeni engu-8 ngaphambi komyeni wakhe, ngemuva kwalokho umlotha wakhe wabekwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zaseSuleymaniye. Kodwa-ke, i-padishah ayikwazanga ukwamukela ukuhamba kothandekayo wakhe, futhi ngemuva konyaka wakhipha umyalo wokwakha ithuna elihlukile likaRoksolana ensimini yama-mosque, ngaleyo ndlela iqhubekisela phambili inkumbulo yomkakhe.
Qaphela! Uma ukhawulelwe ngesikhathi ngenkathi uhamba uzungeze i-Istanbul, bheka iMiniaturk Park, enikezela ngamamodeli wokuheha okuningi hhayi e-Istanbul kuphela, kodwa naseTurkey yonke. Funda kabanzi mayelana nepaki lapha.
Umphumela
Ngokungangabazeki, iSuleymaniye Mosque e-Istanbul ingabalwa phakathi kwezinto ezinhle kakhulu zedolobha. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufika enhlokodolobha yamasiko eTurkey, kanye neBlue Mosque neHagia Sophia, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela ithempeli elikhulu kunawo wonke wedolobha elikhulu.
Ividiyo: ikhwalithi ephezulu yokudutshulwa kwasemosque.