I-Anne Frank House Museum e-Amsterdam

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Phakathi kwezindawo ezingakhohlwayo zase-Amsterdam kunendawo ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. I-Anne Frank House imnyuziyamu enikezelwe enkumbulweni yentombazane yamaJuda, engesinye sezisulu eziningi zobushokobezi bamaNazi. Igama lika-Anna lazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwedayari yakhe ethi "The Shelter", uFrank ayigcina, efihla nomndeni wakhe kumaNazi. Lo mndeni wamaJuda uchithe iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili emakamelweni ayimfihlo ekhaya. Manje lapha kuvulwe umnyuziyamu, osekuyisikhumbuzo emhlabeni wonke ngesihluku seNazi sikaHitler.

Umlando wesigcinimagugu

Isithabathaba somuzi esidala, esigcina i-Anne Frank Museum, simi odongeni lwasePrinsengracht iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-280. Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, bekuyisakhiwo sokuhlala, ishede, isakhiwo sokukhiqiza. Ngo-1940, yayihlala inkampani yokukhiqiza ijamu, ephethwe ngu-Otto Frank, ubaba ka-Anna. Kulapha lapho yena nomndeni wakhe kwadingeka bafihle khona lapho bedunwa beyiswa emakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi ngesikhathi kuhlasela iAmsterdam ngabahlaseli baseJalimane.

Ngama-50s okuqala, kwathathwa isinqumo sokubhidliza lesi sakhiwo esidala. Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi idayari ka-Anna, eyayibhalwe kule ndlu, yayisishicilelwe futhi yaba ngumthengisi othengisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngenxa yosizo lwabantu abakhathalelayo, indlu yavuselelwa, kwathi ngo-1960 i-Anne Frank House-Museum yasungulwa lapho.

Kuze kube ngo-1933, umndeni wakwaFrank wawuhlala eFrankfurt am Main, eJalimane. Ngokuthathwa kwamandla nguHitler, umndeni wanquma ukushiya iJalimane. Ubaba wakhe waba ngowokuqala ukuthuthela e-Amsterdam, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umkakhe namadodakazi akhe amabili bahlala naye. Kodwa-ke, ubuNazi babafikela nababaleki lapha.

Kusukela ngoMeyi 1940, i-Amsterdam yayihlonywe ngamasosha amaNazi. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zombuso, ukushushiswa kwabantu bobuzwe bamaJuda kwaqala. U-Otto Frank wenza imizamo yokuthuthela nomndeni wakhe e-USA noma eCuba, kepha lokhu akwenzekanga. Ehlobo lika-1942, udadewabo ka-Anna omdala wathola amasamanisi okuba amthumele ekamu lokuhlushwa, ngenxa yalokho kwanqunywa ukufihla wonke umndeni endaweni yokukhosela.

Indawo yokusebenza kuka-Otto Frank yaba yindawo lapho kwakungacashelwa khona amaNazi. Endlini endala, esitezi 2-5, kwakukhona amakamelo angawodwa, okuwukuphela kwendlu eyayivinjwe yikhasethi lezincwadi. Ngaphandle kwamaFrank, kwahlala omunye umndeni wamaJuda kanye nodokotela wamazinyo ongumJuda. Abenzi bomthetho bekufanele baqaphele ngokweqile, ngoba kule ndlu, ngemuva kodonga, umsebenzi wenkampani uqhubekile.

U-Anne Frank wayeneminyaka engu-13 lapho ethuthela endaweni yokukhosela. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwemibili yempilo yakhe kule ndlu, le ntombazane ichaze kwidayari yakhe impilo yansuku zonke yabantu bokufika ngokungemthetho nezehlakalo ezimbi obekufanele bazibone.

Ngo-Agasti 1944, ngokulahlwa komuntu ongaziwa, ukukhoseliswa kwavulwa futhi bonke abantu ababecashe kuyo baboshwa, ngemuva kwalokho kwadingeka badlule ezenzakalweni zamakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1945, u-Anna, udadewabo nonina babulawa yi-typhus, kusasele amasonto ama-2-3 kuphela ukuthi abaseBrithani bakhulule ikamu ababehlala kulo.

Ubaba kuphela ophilayo womndeni wenza okuningi ukuqhubekisela phambili inkumbulo yendodakazi yakhe enethalente futhi waletha emphakathini womhlaba konke okwesabekayo kweNazism kanye nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe. Iqiniso lokuthi i-Anne Frank House Museum ese-Amsterdam ithandwa kangaka kubangelwa isikweletu sakhe.

Imibukiso yeMnyuziyamu

Umnyuziyamu utshela izivakashi ngesinye seziqephu ezibuhlungu kakhulu emlandweni wezwe - ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe. Ezinye izakhiwo zalo ziphinde zenziwa kabusha ngendlela ezazibe ngayo phakathi neminyaka yempi ngaphambi kwembubhiso ngesikhathi kuseshwa amaNazi.

Ngaphambi komnyango wendlu kunesithombe esiphansi sentombazane - itshe lesikhumbuzo lika-Anne Frank, owaletha umhlaba wonke iqiniso ngesihluku seHitlerite Germany.

Umbukiso omkhulu i-Anne Frank Museum, ese-Amsterdam, uyaziqhenya ngawo, ungowokuqala wedayari yakhe. Ngemuva kokuboshwa komndeni, wathunjwa walondolozwa ngowesifazane onozwela waseDashi uMil Giz, wabe esedluliselwa kubaba wentombazane. Yashicilelwa okokuqala eNetherlands ngo-1947, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 yakhishwa ngemibhalo emikhulu e-USA nase-Great Britain, yaba yisithengi esikhulu emhlabeni. IVault Diary yaba yisisekelo semibhalo yamafilimu neminye imisebenzi yezinganekwane. Ikhophi yoqobo lwayo igcinwa eBerlin Anne Frank Center.

Futhi phakathi kwemibukiso ungabona izithombe eziningi zika-Anna, amalungu omndeni wakhe nezinye iziboshwa zendawo yokukhosela, izimpahla zabo nezinto zasendlini zaleyo minyaka. Izivakashi zingafunda ngenkambo yempilo yokukhosela, ukuthi abokufika abangekho emthethweni bakunikezwa kanjani ukudla, ukuthi bahlala kanjani futhi bagubha kanjani amaholide.

Izithombe zemigwaqo yase-Amsterdam yaleyo minyaka, izinto ezindala, izithombe zezithombe zika-Anna, izingodo emnyango - konke lokhu kucwilisa izivakashi emkhathini wesikhathi esimnyama sokuthathwa kwamaJalimane futhi kusiza ukuqonda imizwa yabantu abazithola bekulesi simo esibuhlungu.

Kukhona nesithombe sangempela sika-Oscar esiboniswayo, esinikelwe emnyuziyamu ngumlingisi waseHollywood uShelley Winters. Uthole lo mklomelo we-Best Supporting Actor kwifilimu esuselwa kudayari ka-Anne Frank. Omunye umbukiso obalulekile yi-albhamu yezithombe eyakhishwa ngo-1992. Iqukethe izithombe eziningi zempilo yentombazane engumJuda eseyibe yinganekwane.

Uhlelo lokuvakashela iNdlu-Museum lubandakanya ukubukela ifilimu ekhuluma ngentombazane yaseGerman enekhono. Izivakashi zinikezwa ithuba lokuthenga izinto eziphrintiwe kanye nokushicilelwa kwe- "Diary" njengesikhumbuzo.

Uzoba nentshisekelo ku: I-Wax Museum e-Amsterdam - imininingwane ewusizo kubavakashi.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

Amathiphu awusizo

I-Anne Frank House, ese-Amsterdam, ivakashelwa minyaka yonke ngabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Ukuthandwa okukhulu kwale nyuziyamu kunengozi yayo - kungaba nzima ukufika lapha ngaphandle kwamathikithi wangaphambi kokubhuka.

Ungabhuka amathikithi e-Anne Frank Museum e-Amsterdam ngokuvakashela iwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe okungenani izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kohambo oluhleliwe, ngoba kungahle kungabi namathikithi wedethi ekhethiwe ngosuku olulandelayo.

Kodwa-ke, noma ungenawo amathikithi abhukhiwe, ungafika kulenyuziyamu usebenzisa amathiphu ethu.

Kusuka ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-3: 30 ntambama izivakashi ezinamathikithi athengwe ku-inthanethi kusuka endaweni esemthethweni yalokhu kuheha (www.annefrank.org) zamukelwa emnyuziyamu. Ngawo wonke amahora wokuvula, ungasebenzisa amathikithi athengwe ngosuku olufanayo ehhovisi lamathikithi emnyuziyamu. Imvamisa ulayini ekuphumeni ude kakhulu, ungama kuwo amahora amaningana bese ushiya ungaphethe lutho.

Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kufanele:

Khetha usuku lweviki ozovakasha ngalo, ngoba ngezimpelasonto ukungena kwezivakashi kukhulu.
Khetha usuku olunesimo sezulu esihle, ngalezo zinsuku abantu bancamela ukuhamba ezitaladini kunamahholo omnyuziyamu.
Fika emahhovisi amathikithi amahora angu-1.5-2 ngaphambi kokuvula ukuze ube phakathi kwabokuqala ukuthatha ulayini.
Fika ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuvalwa kwemnyuziyamu, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku lapho ivulwe khona kuze kube ngu-22.00.

Qaphela: Iminyuziyamu ethakazelisa kakhulu eHolland - TOP 12.

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