Izici zamakhabethe okugeleza kwe-laminar, ukubuka konke kwemodeli

Ukufaka ukubulala amagciwane - isici sesethi ephelele yelabhorethri, ezemithi, zesayensi, nezikhungo zocwaningo. Ukufakwa okufana nekhabethe lokugeleza laminar kuyadingeka ukuthola indawo eyamukelekayo lapho usebenza ngezinto zebhayoloji, i-nanotechnological, amakhemikhali nokunye okuphenyiweyo. Ngenxa yokudlula kokugeleza komoya okuphoqelelwe, ama-prototypes athola ukuhlungwa okuphelele nokungathathi hlangothi ngaphambi kokuxhumana nemvelo.

Ukuqokwa

Ama-hood flow flow angaphansi kwesigaba semishini yefenisha ekhethekile enobubanzi obuncane bezicelo. Umkhiqizo onokwehla kokugeleza komoya uyisici esidingekayo sezikhungo zezokwelapha, izinkampani ezenza imithi, iminyango yocwaningo yezikhungo ezikhethekile, izinhlangano, izakhiwo zamalabhorethri amabhizinisi imisebenzi yawo ihlobene kakhulu nokufundwa kwama-microorganisms, amasampuli we-microbiological, izivivinyo nokuhlolwa. Inhloso yemikhiqizo imi kanjena:

• ukuxilongwa (i-polymerase chain reaction);
• ukutadisha, ukuhlolwa ngamasampuli, amasampula endaweni engenamagciwane;
• ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka ngempumelelo komkhiqizo ekungcolisweni;
• ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kwe-opharetha (abasebenzi) kubasebenzi;
• i-UV hard irradiation yomaphakathi endaweni yokusebenza kwegumbi;
• ukulungiswa kwendawo oyinyumba yokwenziwa kocwaningo;
• sebenza ngamasiko amabhaktheriya, amagciwane okutheleleka okuhlukile;
• ukuhlukaniswa kwamagciwane amancane, i-flora, ama-bioagents.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhabethe okugeleza kwe-laminar, amabhokisi, izindawo zokukhosela kukuvumela ukuthi uhlele indawo yenhlanzeko edingekayo ukuvikela abasebenzi base-laboratory emiphumeleni ye-microflora ye-pathogenic, ukukhipha ukuxhumana kwemikhiqizo yocwaningo nemvelo yangaphandle. Yonke imishini yefenisha yohlobo lwe-laminar ihlukaniswa ngamakilasi. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesigaba esisodwa nohlobo, imisebenzi yemodeli iyahlukahluka - amanye amabhokisi enzelwe kuphela ukubulala amagciwane komkhiqizo wocwaningo, amanye ukuvikela ama-antimicrobial opharetha, amanye ukungcoliswa komoya egumbini.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Izinhlobo

Imishini yaselebhu imelwe yizinhlobonhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo. Isethi ephelele yamamodeli incike ezimweni ezithile, izici zemisebenzi yocwaningo. Ngokuya ngenhloso yokusebenza, izinga lokuvikelwa, imishini enezinto ezikhethekile, amakhabethe wokugeleza kwe-laminar ahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo eziningana:

• amadivayisi anokuhamba komoya okuqondile nokuhamba komoya okuvundlile. Izimo zomjovo omile zithole ukusetshenziswa okukhulu, ngoba azijwayele ukudala izindawo ezinesiphithiphithi endaweni yokusebenza;
• ngomklamo, amakhabethe wokugeleza kwe-laminar we-disinfection ahlukaniswe ngamamodeli ahlonyiswe ngamapaneli ohlangothini nalawo aqonde ngqo, anendawo eyodwa noma ezimbili yokusebenzela opharetha, anezisekelo zokumisa nezamaselula, ezifakwe izihlungi, ama-compressors;
• izindawo zokukhosela ezinama-laminar - ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola indawo ehlanzekile yomoya. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yocwaningo kuphela, kepha akusetshenziselwa ukuvikela abasebenzi baselebhu nemvelo;
• amabhokisi okuphepha - amakhabethe asetshenziselwa ukuhlala wedwa kwamagciwane endaweni yokusebenza. Okokusebenza ngasikhathi sinye kubulala amagciwane ngezinto eziyingozi, imvelo, futhi kuvikele abasebenzi.

Ngenhloso yokusetshenziswa, ama-laminar flow hoods ahlukaniswa njengemodeli yezokwelapha neyebhayoloji. Isethi ephelele incike ezimeni zokusebenza kwemishini. Cishe wonke amamodeli anezinto zokulawula okubonakalayo kokuhamba komsebenzi, amalambu, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Umsebenzi omkhulu ukudala izimo ezidingekayo zokwenza ucwaningo kumasampuli.

Uhlelo lokuhlunga luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yamakhabethe okugeleza kwe-laminar. Amapharamitha wezobuchwepheshe nokusebenza kohlelo lokuhlunga abalwa esigabeni sokuklama futhi anqume isigaba sokuphepha sebhokisi ebhokisini.

Indawo yokuhlala

Ibhokisi lezokuphepha

Ukukhishwa komoya okuqondile

Hlukanisa ngezigaba

Lapho ukhetha amakhabethe e-laboratory, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke ukuthi kuzosetshenziswa ziphi izinto zokusebenza kwefenisha, yiziphi izinto okumele ziphenywe. Emkhakheni womhlaba nowasekhaya, kunokwehluka ekwahlukanisweni kwamakhabethe okugeleza kwe-laminar ngokuya ngezindinganiso zaseMelika, zaseYurophu, zaseJapan, zase-Australia. Amakhabethe okuphepha emvelo ahlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:

• Imishini yekilasi lokuqala iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesisebenzisi sezitshalo nemvelo ukugwema ukungcoliswa okuphambene (ukujoyina, ukuxuba, ukuhlanganisa) ngaphakathi kwegumbi;
• i-laminar flow cabinet yekilasi lesibili - ibhokisi lezinga eliphakeme lokuvikela, elihlungwe ngezihlungi ze-HEPA. Isigaba sifaka izinhlobo ezine zamakhabethe anokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwamasampuli wokuhlola;
• ifenisha imishini yokugeleza kwe-laminar yekilasi lesithathu - amamodeli ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphezulu nokuphepha komkhiqizo ophenywayo, imvelo, opharetha.

Esigabeni sasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, amakhabethe okugeleza kwe-laminar ekilasi elifanayo anomklamo ohlukile. Umehluko nezindinganiso zomhlaba uholela esidingweni sokuhlukaniswa okwengeziwe kwemishini yaselebhu emabhokisini okukhosela nasemabhokisini okuvikela ama-microbiological amakilasi amathathu.Amakhabethe we-laminar ekilasi lokuqala asetshenziselwa ukusebenza nama-agent anobungozi, okwesibili - ngama-microorganisms we-pathogenic, ama-radionuclides, ama-cytostatics, izinto ezinobuthi bemvelo yamakhemikhali, okwesithathu - ngamagciwane, amabhaktheriya asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lobungozi.

Izinto zokukhiqiza

Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhokisi kulawulwa yi-GOST neSanPin, isethi ephelele yemodeli incike kumadokhumende wokuklama wesitshalo somkhiqizi, izinga lokuvikela, imisebenzi yemishini ye-microbiological. Ngokusho kwephrojekthi ngayinye, imishini ingafakwa ngezinto ezengeziwe. Izinto ezisemqoka nezingxenye zebhokisi lokuvikelwa kwemvelo:

• indawo yokusebenza yefenisha yaselebhu yenziwe ngensimbi esezingeni eliphakeme yokwakheka - izinto ezingenasici;
• amaphaneli asemaceleni, udonga lwangaphambili lwenziwe ngengilazi emnene, ukushuba okuxhomeke kumodeli yezici zokuklama;
• ikesi elingaphandle lenziwe ngensimbi ebandayo egingqiwe, i-epoxy noma i-powder camera;
• imishini isethwe - uhlelo lokuhlunga lwe-HEPA (usayizi wezinhlayiyana uyahluka), uhlelo lokulawula ukugeleza kwezinga;
• ukulawula - uhlelo lwe-microprocessor, isibonisi se-LCD, isikhungo sokulawula, isibali sesikhathi sokusebenza kwesibani;
• ukuphepha - uhlelo lokuvikela abalandeli be-fan, amadivayisi okuvimba, ama-alamu azwakalayo, izinzwa zokuhlunga;
• ukubona ngeso - amalambu we-fluorescent, amalambu e-ultraviolet, izinkomba zokubonisa i-crystal liquid.

IKhabinethi ye-laminar biosafety ine-degrees ezimbalwa zokuvikela - isilinganiso sokugeleza komoya esanele, ukungcoliswa kwezihlungi ezisebenzayo, ukuvala okuvuzayo kwengilazi yangaphambili, ukwephulwa kokuvikelwa kwezinto eziphilayo ebhokisini, ibhulokhi ezenzakalelayo uma kwenzeka ama-voltage surges, isignali ye-alamu lapho ijubane lokwehla komoya kwehla. Isoftware yokulawula nge-elekthronikhi inikezela ngokukhonjiswa kwezinkomba zokusebenza kuphaneli yokuqhafaza, ukugcinwa kwedatha ngefomethi ethile.

Isethi ephelele nezinto zokwenziwa zincike ekuhlukanisweni kwemodeli, imibhalo yokwakhiwa kwenkampani yomkhiqizi, ngakho-ke, kumakhophi ahlukene uhlu lwezinto zesibhakela luyahlukahluka, kungenzeka ukufaka imishini eyengeziwe.

Izici zohlelo lokusebenza

Kungenzeka usebenzise imishini yelabhorethri ocwaningweni lwe-microbiological ngokuya ngamazinga we-sanitary asunguliwe. Njengoba abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene behlanganyela ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizweni kwamabhokisi, bebeka imishini njengamakhabethe okugeleza kwe-laminar okuphepha kokuphilayo, kuyadingeka ukukhomba amabhokisi ngokufanele ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenza okungalungile kwamadivayisi. Izici zohlelo lokusebenza:

• izindawo zokukhosela zikulungele ukudala indawo elwa namagciwane ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi, ingaphakathi lelebhu;
• lapho usebenza ne-microflora ye-pathogenic, udinga ukusebenzisa imishini yesigaba sesibili;
• lapho kwenziwa ucwaningo kuma-ejenti ayingozi (ama-virus, amabhaktheriya), kusetshenziswa amabhokisi ekilasi 3 anokuhlukaniswa okuphelele;
• ngaphambi komsebenzi, izinto ezidingekayo zifakwa kwikhamera ngemuva kwengilazi engaphambili, kufakwa amagilavu;
• isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhipha igciwane endaweni yokusebenza, izindonga zangaphakathi, ukuvula ibhokisi, ukuqala ucwaningo;
• opharetha kufanele ahlale kude nasekamelweni, ama-grilles okudonsa umoya akumele avaliwe, izikhwama ze-bio-waste zibekwa phakathi kwekhabethe.

Isici esiyinhloko esinquma ikhono lokusebenzisa okokusebenza okuthile izinga lokuhlanzeka egumbini, izinga lobungozi bokungcola komenzeli, isidingo sokuvikela umkhiqizo ekungcolisweni, kanye nethuba lokwakheka kwama-aerosols. Ikhabethe le-Laminar lisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, ezemithi, i-forensics, i-microbiology, ukwenza izinsimbi, imboni yamakhemikhali. Ukukhetha kunquma inhloso, ukwakheka, isigaba, ukusebenza, ubukhulu bomkhiqizo.