Umlando Wonyaka Omusha eRussia naseRussia
Unyaka Omusha yiholide ekhanya kakhulu, ethandwa kakhulu futhi elindelwe. Abantu emhlabeni wonke bayigubha ngenjabulo, kepha bambalwa abantu abayaziyo indaba yoNyaka Omusha eRussia naseRussia.
Ngenxa yamasiko, amasiko nezinkolo, abantu abehlukene bahlangana noNyaka Omusha ngendlela yabo. Inqubo yokulungiselela iholide, njengezinkumbulo ezihambisana nayo, ivusa umuzwa wenjabulo, ukunakekelwa, injabulo, uthando nobumnandi.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kwamaholide kaNcibijane, umsebenzi usugcwele yonke imizi. Omunye uhlobisa isihlahla sikaKhisimusi, othile uhlanza indlu noma ifulethi, othile wenza imenyu yokugubha umkhosi, futhi othile unquma ngokuthula ukuthi uzowugubha kuphi uNyaka Omusha.
Umlando Wonyaka Omusha eRussia
Unyaka Omusha yiholide eliyintandokazi yabakhileyo ezweni lakithi. Bayayilungiselela, balinde ngokungabekezeli okukhulu, bayibingelele ngenjabulo bese beyishiya inkumbulo isikhathi eside ngesimo sezithombe ezimnandi, imizwa ecacile nemizwa emihle.
Bambalwa abanesithakazelo emlandweni. Futhi ngeze, ngiyakutshela, bafundi abathandekayo. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi kukude.
Umlando kuze kufike ku-1700
Ngo-998, isikhulu saseKiev uVladimir wethula ubuKristu eRussia. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuguqulwa kweminyaka kwenzeka ngoMashi 1. Kokunye, umcimbi ubewela ngosuku lwePhasika eliNgcwele. Lokhu kubalwa kwezikhathi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwekhulu le-15.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1492, ngoku-oda kukaTsar Ivan III, uSepthemba 1 waqala ukubhekwa njengokuqala konyaka. Ukwenza abantu bahloniphe "ushintsho lweminyaka lukaSepthemba", inkosi yavumela abalimi nezikhulu ukuba zivakashele iKremlin ngalolo suku ziyofuna umusa wenkosi. Kodwa-ke, abantu babengeke bayeke ukulandelana kwezikhathi zesonto. Kwaphela iminyaka engamakhulu amabili, izwe linamakhalenda amabili nokudideka okuqhubekayo ngezinsuku.
Umlando ngemuva kuka-1700
UPeter Omkhulu wanquma ukulungisa lesi simo. Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1699, wamemezela isimemezelo sombuso, okusho ukuthi ushintsho lweminyaka lwaqala ukugubha ngomhla wokuqala kaJanuwari. Ngenxa kaPeter Omkhulu, ukudideka kwavela eRussia ekushintsheni kwezikhathi. Walahla unyaka owodwa futhi wayala ukuba acabangele ukuqala kwekhulu elisha ngo-1700. Kwamanye amazwe, ukubalwa phansi kwekhulu elisha kwaqala ngo-1701. I-tsar yaseRussia yenza iphutha ezinyangeni eziyi-12, ngakho-ke eRussia ukuguqulwa kwezikhathi kwagujwa ngonyaka owedlule.
UPeter the Great walwela ukwethula indlela yokuphila yaseYurophu eRussia. Ngakho-ke, wayala ukugubha uNyaka Omusha ngokwemodeli yaseYurophu. Isiko lokuhlobisa isihlahla sikaKhisimusi ngamaholide oNyaka Omusha lathathwa kumaJalimane, okwakufanekiselwa kuwo isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza ukwethembeka, impilo ende, ukungafi nentsha.
UPeter wakhipha isimemezelo ngokuya ngokuthi yimaphi amagatsha e-pine ne-juniper ahlotshisiwe okufanele akhonjiswe phambi kwegceke ngalinye ngamaholide kaNcibijane. Abantu abacebile babephoqelekile ukuhlobisa izihlahla zonke.
Ekuqaleni, kwakusetshenziswa imifino, izithelo, amantongomane namaswidi ukuhlobisa isihlahla se-coniferous. Amalambu, amathoyizi nezinto zokuhlobisa zavela esihlahleni ngemuva kwesikhathi. Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi saqala ukukhanya ngamalambu kuphela ngo-1852. Yayifakwe eCatherine Station eSt.
Kuze kuphele izinsuku zakhe, uPeter Omkhulu waqinisekisa ukuthi uNyaka Omusha eRussia ugujwa njengesizotha njengasezifundazweni zaseYurophu. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kweholide, inkosi yahalalisela abantu, yanikeza izikhulu izipho ezandleni zayo, yaletha izikhumbuzo eziyizindleko kwizintandokazi, yabamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo emikhosini nasemikhosini.
U-Emperor wahlela izigcawu ezinhle esigodlweni futhi wayala ukuba kwenziwe iziqhumane nezibhamu ngosuku olwandulela uNcibijane. Ngenxa yemizamo kaPeter I eRussia, umgubho woNyaka Omusha waphenduka owenkolo hhayi owenkolo.
Abantu baseRussia kwakudingeka benze izinguquko eziningi kuze kube yilapho usuku loNyaka Omusha luma ngoJanuwari 1.
Indaba yokubonakala kukaSanta Claus
Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi akusona ukuphela kwesici esifiselekayo sonyaka omusha. Kukhona nomlingisi oletha izipho zonyaka omusha. Uqagele ukuthi lokhu nguSanta Claus.
Iminyaka yalomkhulu omuhle onomusa ingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1000, futhi indaba yokuvela kukaSanta Claus iyimfihlakalo kwabaningi.
Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi uSanta Claus wavelaphi. Izwe ngalinye linombono walo. Abanye abantu babheka uSanta Claus njengozalo lwabantu abafushane, abanye banesiqiniseko sokuthi okhokho bakhe bazulazula abagibeli abavela eNkathini Ephakathi, kanti abanye bambheka njengoSanta Nicholas the Wonderworker.
Indaba yevidiyo
Isibonelo sikaSanta Claus - uSanta Nicholas
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-10, abantu baseMpumalanga badala ukukhulekelwa kukaNikolai Mirsky, umphathi ongcwele wamasela, omakoti, amatilosi nezingane. Wayedume ngokuzincisha nokuziphatha kwakhe okuhle. Ngemuva kokufa kwakhe, uNikolai Mirsky wanikezwa isikhundla sosanta.
Izinsalela zikaNikolai Mirsky zagcinwa esontweni elisempumalanga iminyaka eminingi, kepha ngekhulu le-11 labanjwa inkunzi ngabaphangi base-Italy. Bathutha izinsalela zosanta baya e-Italy. Amakholwa esonto asele ukuthandazela ukulondolozwa komlotha waseSt. Nicholas.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ihlelo lokukhulekelwa kwalezi zimangaliso laqala ukusakazeka emazweni aseNtshonalanga naseYurophu Ephakathi. Emazweni ase-Europe kwabizwa ngenye indlela. EJalimane - uNikalaus, eHolland - Klaas, eNgilandi - uKlaus. Ngendoda endala enentshebe emhlophe, wayehamba ezitaladini ngembongolo noma ehhashini futhi ahambise izingane izipho zonyaka omusha esikhwameni.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, uSanta Claus waqala ukubonakala ngoKhisimusi. Akubona bonke abantu besonto abathandile, ngoba leli holide linikezelwe kuKristu. Ngakho-ke, uKristu waqala ukunikeza izipho ngendlela yamantombazane amancane agqoke izingubo ezimhlophe. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu babejwayele isithombe sikaNicholas the Wonderworker futhi babengacabangi ngamaholide oNyaka Omusha ngaphandle kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhulu wathola umngane osemusha.
Ukugqoka kwaleli khehla elihle nakho kushintshe kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, wayegqoka ingubo, kepha ngekhulu le-19 eHolland wayegqoke njengokushanela kukashimula. Usule oshimula waphonsa izipho kuzo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, uSanta Claus wanikezwa ijazi elibomvu elinekhola loboya. Le ngubo ibimlungisele isikhathi eside.
USanta Claus eRussia
Abalandeli bezimpawu zemikhosi bakholelwa ukuthi uSanta Claus wasekhaya kufanele abe nezwe lakubo. Ekupheleni kuka-1998, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi umuzi wakhe iVeliky Ustyug, osenyakatho nesifunda saseVologda.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi uSanta Claus uyinzalo yomoya weqhwa elibandayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isithombe saloluhlamvu sishintshile. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyikhehla elinentshebe emhlophe elaligqoke amabhuzu ezwakala linabasebenzi abade nesikhwama. Unikeze izingane ezilalelayo izipho, waphakamisa nobudedengu ngenduku.
Kamuva, uSanta Claus waba yindoda endala enomusa. Wayengazibandakanyi nemisebenzi yezemfundo, kepha wamane watshela izingane izindaba ezethusayo. Kamuva futhi wayeka izindaba ezethusayo. Ngenxa yalokho, isithombe saba nomusa kuphela.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFFCOWDriBw
USanta Claus uyisiqinisekiso sokuzijabulisa, ukudansa nezipho, okuguqula usuku olujwayelekile lube yiholide langempela.
Indaba yokubonakala kwe-Snow Maiden
Ngubani uSnegurochka? Le yintombazane esencane enebhande elide egqoke ijazi loboya elihle namabhuzu afudumele. Ungumngane kaSanta Claus futhi uyamsiza ekusabalaliseni izipho zikaNcibijane.
Inganekwane
Indaba yokuvela kwe-Snow Maiden ayiyinde kangako leyo ka-Grandfather Frost. I-Snegurka ifanele ukubonakala kwayo emasikweni asendulo aseRussia. Wonke umuntu uyazi le ndaba.
Okumjabulisa kakhulu ukuthi ikhehla nesalukazi baphuphuthekise i-Snow Maiden eqhweni elimhlophe. Intombazane yeqhwa yaphila, yathola isipho sokukhuluma futhi yaqala ukuhlala nabantu abadala ekhaya.
Intombazane yayinomusa, imnandi futhi inhle. Wayenezinwele ezinde ezimhlophe namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ekufikeni kwentwasahlobo enezinsuku ezinelanga, i-Snow Maiden yaqala ukudabuka. Wamenywa ukuba ahambe futhi agxume phezu komlilo omkhulu. Ngemuva kokugxuma, ubengasekho, njengoba ilangabi elishisayo limncibilikisa.
Mayelana nokuvela kweSnow Maiden, singasho ukuthi ababhali bayo bangabaculi abathathu - uRoerich, uVrubel noVasentsov. Emidwebeni yabo, baveze i-Snow Maiden nge-sundress emhlophe njengeqhwa nebhandishi ekhanda.
Saqala ukugubha uNyaka Omusha kudala. Njalo ngonyaka okuthile kushintshile futhi kwangezwa, kepha amasiko amakhulu adlulile emakhulwini eminyaka. Abantu, ngaphandle kwesimo senhlalo namakhono wezezimali, banamaholide omnyaka omusha ajabulisayo. Bahlobisa indlu, bapheke, bathenge izipho.