Incazelo nezakhiwo eziwusizo zesitshalo sezindlu begonia Fista. Izeluleko zokutshala nokunakekela, isithombe sembali

I-Begonia isitshalo esihlukile. Kungabizwa ngokuthi zombili izimbali ezinamaqabunga nezokuhlobisa. Ngisho nensimu ekhetha kakhulu izokwazi ukuthola efanelekayo phakathi kwephalethi enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo, ungathola izitshalo ezivamile ze-herbaceous, nezihlahlana, nezihlahlana zemifino.

I-Begonia ayisihle kuphela, kodwa futhi iyasiza. Okokuqala, kwandisa ukungavikeleki kwawo wonke umuntu ohlala eduze. Okwesibili, ibuyisa ukusebenza futhi iqede umuzwa wokukhathala. Okwesithathu, kuqeda ukungezwani kwemizwa.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Uhlobo lweBegonia lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1400, engatholakala ezindaweni ezinomswakama ezishisayo nezishisayo, futhi ikakhulukazi emahlathini aseNingizimu Melika, ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia, eMadagascar, eChina naseSri Lanka. Lezi zimbali zaziwa umhlaba wonke. Baqanjwa ngegama lomFulentshi uMichel Begon, owaba ngumgqugquzeli nomxhasi wohambo oluya e-Antilles.

Elinye lamalungu ohambo uCharles Plumier uchaze ngokuningiliziwe isitshalo esitholakele. Ngekhulu le-18, iBegonia yalethwa ezwenikazi laseYurophu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlobo eziningi ngokwengeziwe zeza eYurophu, lapho abalimi baqala ukuba nesithakazelo khona. Futhi vele ngekhulu le-19, izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezenziwe ngokwazo zavela.

Esizeni sethu uzothola izindatshana eziningi ezinikeza izincazelo eziningiliziwe nezincomo zokukhulisa, ukukhiqiza kabusha nokunakekela izinhlobo ezinjalo zezitshalo: Metallic, Mason, Rex, Bolivian, Griffith, Griffin, Sizolistnaya, Coral, Elatior, Barshevikolistnaya.

Incazelo ye-Botanical

I-Begonia Fista inamaqabunga anonile, nawo makhulu kakhulu, afinyelela ku-15 cm ubude futhi afike ku-12 cm ububanzi.

Iziqu zimfushane, kodwa ziyinyama futhi ziqinile, ziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo ngombala. Iqhakaza kuma-inflorescence amancane abomvana, kepha i-Fista yaziswa ngokuklama kwayo okuhlukile kwamaqabunga. Uhlelo lwempande lwale mbali lunamandla futhi lukhula ngokushesha.

Ukubukeka kwesitshalo

Amaqabunga ngaphandle anombala ocwebezelayo wethusi, kuthi ngaphakathi athole umbala obomvu (kulokhu, uFistu uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubomvu). I-Begonia ihlala ikhula esihlahleni esihle kakhulu. Kepha ikhula ngokuhlangana. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, imbali ibukeka inhle ebhodweni elincane esitendini.

Isithombe

Hlangana nembali esithombeni.

Izidingo zokufika

Ukufakelwa kwesitshalo esincane kufanele kwenzeke kanye ngonyaka (kuyalulekwa ukwenza lokhu entwasahlobo, kepha kungenziwa futhi ngemuva kokuqhakaza, uma lezi zinsuku zingahambelani). Ama-begonias asebekhulile avuselelwa ngemuva kokuthi izimpande zigcwalise yonke imbiza yezimbali (lokhu kwenzeka cishe njalo eminyakeni eyi-3-4).

Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi okunconyiwe: isihlabathi, i-peat, i-humus, iqabunga nenhlabathi ye-turf. Kufanele uthole ingxube evulekile futhi ephefumulekayo. Ibhodwe likhethwa liphansi, kepha libanzi, sonke isitsha asimboziwe ngenhlabathi, kepha lokhu bakwenza njengoba ama-rhizomes ekhula.

Kuyadingeka ukwenza inqubo yokufakelwa ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokuchelela. Kulokhu, ungakhohlwa ukukhulula izimpande enhlabathini endala bese uzifaka kusixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate ukuvimbela izifo zefungal. Hlanza isigaxa sezimpande kusuka ezimpandeni ezindala nezigulayo, bese ufafaza okusikiwe ngamalahle agayiwe.

Sicela wazi ukuthi ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-30 ngemuva "kokuthuthela" ebhodweni elisha, i-begonia idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukunisela imbali ngenyanga yokuqala kufanele kube njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-6, futhi kufuthwe nhlobo - nsuku zonke. Vikela isitshalo esitshalwe kabusha elangeni.

Abanye abalimi bancoma ngisho nokususa ibhodwe lezimbali endaweni enomthunzi ngaphandle kwezinhlaka izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese-ke, beyibuyisela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30, kuzodingeka ukunisela lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba loma. Njengoba inhlabathi izobumbana njalo, ungakhohlwa ukuyigcwalisa yafika ezingeni olifunayo.

Ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukusika i-Fista kancane ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha. ngenhloso yokunciphisa indawo yokuhwamuka futhi unikeze isimo se-bushy.

Ukunakekela

Sesivele sibhale ngenhla ukuthi udinga ukunisela isimangaliso esinamakhasi abomvu kanye ngesonto. Kepha ake sicacise ukuthi le ndlela yokunisela ilungele isikhathi sasehlobo, kanti ebusika kwanele ukumanzisa inhlabathi njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Zama ukugcina amanzi kude namaqabunga ngqo.

Lesi sitshalo sidinga umswakama ophezulu womoya unyaka wonke. Ukugcina lesi simo, uvamise ukufafaza umoya ozungeze ibhodwe noma ubeke isitsha soketshezi eduze kwaso. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele liguquke phakathi kwama-20-22 degrees ngaphezu kuka-zero. Ebusika, lesi sibalo singehla safinyelela ku-16 degrees Celsius. Kepha ungavumeli umoya ufudumale ngama-degree angaphansi kuka-15, lokhu kuzokonakalisa imbali.

I-Begonia idinga indawo ekhanyisiwe; ukusakazeka kunelanga eliqondile kuhle. Njengoba zingashisa amaqabunga futhi ziwaphuce ukukhanya kwazo nokugcwala kwawo. Kodwa noma kunokuntuleka kokukhanya, amaqabunga aqala ukubuna. Uma ungakwazi ukuthola ukukhanya okuhle, sebenzisa ukukhanya okungekhona okwakho.

UFistu udinga ukondliwa kanye njalo emavikini amabili, nasebusika kanye ngenyanga. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokukhula okusebenzayo, khulisa imvamisa yokudla okuhambisanayo kuze kube izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngenyanga.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswa umanyolo wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, ohlanjululwa ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa. Ubulongwe bezinkukhu nabo bufanele ukondliwa (500 g buhlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-12 amanzi). Izophinda futhi ifake umquba obolile kahle (ama-500 kumalitha ama-5 amanzi).

Kungcono ukungasebenzisi umanyolo we-nitrogen: Amaqabunga azokhuluphala, futhi izimbali zizoncipha noma zime ngokuphelele. Abalimi bengadi bacebisa ukusika ama-banana peels, ama-citrus peels, ama-anyanisi peels, umlotha, amaqabunga wetiye bese ufaka lezi zinto enhlabathini.

Ngesikhathi sokulala, akudingi ukuthi kusetshenziswe umanyolo, futhi ukuchelela kufanele kube yinto engavamile kakhulu.Uma uFista echitha amaqabunga awo ngalesi sikhathi, ungakhathazeki, kepha mane usike phezulu kwembali.

Ngeke kube ngaphezu kokusho ukuthi iBegonia ayiyibekezeleli imikhiqizo yokubola kwegesi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungayibeki ekhishini. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo abuthakathaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqaphela ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

Izifo nezinambuzane

• Isikhunta se-Powdery. Lesi yisifo sokukhunta esivela lapho amafomu we-condensation ku-rhizome. Ukuqhakaza okumhlophe kumboza amaqabunga neziqu, kuyilapho amaqabunga elahlekelwa ukwakheka kwawo futhi omile, amaqabunga akhula, kodwa angavuli. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, faka umoya kahle ekamelweni, unakekele ukukhanyisa okukuso. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukufaka umanyolo kulesi sitshalo, futhi ubheke nomakhelwane beBegonias, okuvela kubo ukhunta nakho kungadlula.
• Ukubola okumpunga (abanye babiza ukusha kwe-monilial). Lesi sifo sibi kakhulu kunaleso esedlule. Ngempela, ngokutheleleka okunjalo kwefungal, zonke izingxenye zeBegonia ziyahlupheka, ezigcwele ukufa kwayo. Lapha kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele inkinga ngesikhathi futhi ususe izindawo ezithintekile ukuze uvikele ukubola ukuthi kungasakazeki. Phatha izingxenye ezinempilo ezisele nge-1% Bordeaux liquid. Isikhawu phakathi kwezinqubo zokubulala amagciwane kufanele kube yinyanga eyodwa.
• Ngaphezu kwesibabule, ukubola kwezimpande nakho kungahlasela. Izimpawu zokwehlulwa kwakhe izimpande ezinsundu noma ze-burgundy. Uma lokhu kungatholakali ngesikhathi, lesi sifo sizosabalala ngeziqu. Ukuphela kwendlela yomzabalazo ukususa izimpande ezibolayo. Le nkinga ingagwenywa ngokubeka ungqimba omuhle wamanzi ebhodweni.
• Ngenxa yothuli nokungcola, ama-mealybugs angavela ezonweni zamaqabunga. Ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwayo kuzogcina imbali ihlanzekile.
• Uma amaqabunga engagcwele imibala ekhanyayo, lokhu kukhombisa ukukhanya okunganele. Futhi amathiphu amnyama amaqabunga akhombisa ukuntuleka komswakama emoyeni noma enhlabathini. Uma unganikeli ngesilinganiso ukuchelela nokukhanya, iBegonia izomane ichithe amaqabunga ayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokulala.
• Izinambuzane zokugcina ohlwini lwethu kuzoba ama-aphid kanye nezibungu zesicabucabu. Esigabeni sokuqala sesilonda, ungabhekana nesisombululo esijwayelekile sensipho. Uma isimo sithola umfutho omkhulu ngokwengeziwe, kuzodingeka ukusindisa isitshalo ngekhambi le-fungicide.

Ukukhiqiza kabusha

I-Fista ikhiqiza ngezindlela ezimbili: ukusika kanye namaqabunga. Isikhathi esifaneleke kakhulu sokuzala kabusha entwasahlobo, lapho izitshalo ziphuma ekulaleni.

Izigaba zokusika:

1. Sika inqubo ubude obungu-6-9 cm bese uyiphonsa ibe yindlela ekhuthaza ukuqothula okungcono, noma ukungena emanzini kuphela, kepha inqubo yokwakheka kwezimpande izohamba kancane.
2. Ngemuva kokubonakala kwezimpande zokuqala, ukusika kutshalwe ebhodweni, ububanzi balo bungeqi ku-10 cm, ngenhlabathi emanzi enesihlabathi. Ungakhohlwa ungqimba lwamanzi!
3. Mboza ngengilazi noma isivalo sepulasitiki, beka ihlumela endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile.
4. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, okokuqala bondliwa nge-mineral complex, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 basusa imbiza futhi banisele imbali kakhulu.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga cishe kunokulandelana okulandelayo:

1. Ishidi elisikiwe lisikwa ngemithambo ebonakala kahle ngaphakathi, ngemuva kwalokho libekwa enhlabathini elungisiwe. Ukulingana kwendawo yeleqabunga emhlabathini, kucindezelwa ngamatshe amancane.
2. Isitsha esinomhlaba sibekwa endaweni efudumele. Kancane kancane, izimpande ziyavela ezindaweni ezifakiwe, bese kuvela izithombo ezincane ohlangothini olungaphezulu lweqabunga.

Izici ezizuzisayo

Ijusi lalesi sitshalo lisiza ukwelapha amanxeba, ukusha, izilonda, nokulunywa yizinyoka. Ukuthola ijusi, amaqabunga kufanele:

1. Sika, hlambulula, womile futhi ugaye ku-blender.
2. Cindezela ijusi kusuka kusisindo esiphumelelayo bese usihluza.
3. Nciphisa 1: 1 ngamanzi.

Isixazululo sigcina izakhiwo zaso kungapheli izinsuku ezintathu uma sigcinwe esiqandisini. Ukufudumala emanzini okugeza ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

I-Tincture yejusi le-Fista isiza ngezilonda zomgudu wamathumbu, ukulimala kwamaphaphu, okubonakala nge-hemoptysis:

1. Faka ijusi etholakala ngendlela eyaziwayo esitsheni esimnyama bese uhlanjululwa ngotshwala we-ethyl ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 bese usivumela ukuba siphuze amaviki amabili, ngenkathi sinyakaza ngezikhathi ezithile.
2. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, cindezela i-tincture.
3. Thatha amathonsi ayi-15-20 nge-20 ml yamanzi abilisiwe kathathu ngosuku isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla.

Isikhathi sesifundo siyinyanga. Ngemuva kokunikeza izinsuku ezingama-30 zokuphumula, ngemuva kwalokho inkambo ingaphindwa. Isetshenziswa njenge-compress yezinhlungu ezicutshini nasemalungeni.

Bukela ividiyo: flores de begonia (Juni 2024).