Hlobo luni lwe-skullcap - okubomvu, i-alpine noma okunye - okufanelekile njengesitshalo sendlu?

ISkullcap (Scutellaria) isitshalo esikhulu semindeni yaseLamiaceae noma iLabiatae, esitholakala cishe emhlabeni wonke (ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica).

Iningi lalezi zinhlobo zingaphansi kwesigaba sezitshalo zikadayi. Izinhlobo eziningi zinezimfanelo zokuhlobisa, kepha yingxenye encane yazo esetshenziswa njengesitshalo sendlu ngokwenziwayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zinezinto zokwelapha.

Uhlobo lwe- "Shlemnik" lulonke lubandakanya izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-460. Izitshalo eziningi zingutshani, kanti zimbalwa kuphela izihlahlana zemifino.

Okuvamile

Skullcap - imbiza engapheli, enenombolo enkulu yamanye amagama: i-skullcap, i-cocktail skullcap, ugogo, iSt John's wort, okudlekayo, ukhukhamba, isitshalo sikamama, utshani benhliziyo, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ikhula esifundeni saseMedithera, eYurophu Ephakathi naseMpumalanga, emazweni aseScandinavia, eCiscaucasia, e-Asia Ephakathi, eChina, eMongolia, eJapane, eNyakatho Melika, eRussia (engxenyeni yaseYurophu, eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga yeSiberia).

Ithanda ukukhula emadlelweni asezikhukhuleni, eduze kwamaxhaphozi, kanye nasemaphethelweni emifula, amachibi namachibi.

• Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ekuphakameni okungama-10-50 cm, sinesiqu se-tetrahedral kanye ne-rhizome ezacile, ebonakala ngokukhasa nangamagatsha.
• Amaqabunga ahlelwe maqondana, anesimo se-oblong-lanceolate namanothi abanzi we-obtuse emaphethelweni.
• Izimbali zalesi sitshalo zinemilomo emibili, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokunsomi, zihlelwe ngazinye kuma-axils amaqabunga.
• Udebe olungenhla lwe-corolla lume njengesigqoko sokuzivikela, kuyilapho udebe olungezansi luqinile.
• Izimbali zineziqu ezine (ezimbili eziphansi zinde kuneziphezulu). I-pistil ine-bipartite stigma ne-ovary engenhla enamaqhuqhuva amane.
• Lesi sitshalo sivuthwa izithelo zohlobo lwamantongomane amane.

Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesitshalo nguJuni-Agasti. Isikhathi sokutshala sesitshalo nguJulayi-Septhemba. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe ama-flavonoids (apigenin, baicalein, wogonin, scutellarein). Phambilini lesi sitshalo besisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, kepha manje siyaqhubeka nokuthola ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yesintu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesitshalo ngezinhloso zokwelapha kungenzeka, kepha-ke, kuningi ukuphikisana okukhona okufanele kucatshangelwe.

ESiberia

1. Ezingapheli ezibonakala ngamagatsha aqinile. Ingxenye engaphezulu komhlaba ingakhula ifike ku-1.5 m ukuphakama.
2. Ingxenye yesiqu ibonakala ngobuningi, ukuzaca okuhlobene kanye nokuxhuma engxenyeni engenhla.
3. Amaqabunga alula, aphelile, aphethwe yi-ovoid noma angama-triangular-ovoid.
4. Ama-inflorescence wohlobo olunezimbali eziphansi, ngokukhululekile.

Izimbali zibomvu ngombala obomvu. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesitshalo nguJuni-Agasti. Ikhula eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga yeSiberia.

I-Alpine

Okuhlala isikhathi eside okukhula ezindaweni ezisezintabeni eziseningizimu yeYurophu, eBalkans, nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia. Ihluka ngesiqu esifushane (ukuphakama kwesiqu - 15-20 cm).

• Amaqabunga amise okwenhliziyo futhi akhontshisi.
• Izimbali - zangaphambili, ezimhlophe-nsomi, umbala okhanyayo obomvana. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezine-tricolor, ama-corollas amhlophe ahlukile futhi amhlophe.

Isikhathi sokuqhakaza - kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi; ukuthela ngo-Agasti. I-Alpine scullcap isetshenziswe njengesitshalo sebhodlela isikhathi esingaphezu kwamakhulu amane eminyaka, futhi iphinde itshalwe emagqumeni ase-alpine ngokuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo. Lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi ene-alikhali.

Okubomvu

Isihlahla esithanda ukukhanya esingapheli, esibizwa nangokuthi i-skullcap yaseCosta Rican. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lolu hlobo lwahlonzwa esiqhingini saseCosta Rica futhi lwachazwa usosayensi wezitshalo odumile kanye nenhloko yensimu yezitshalo eHanover (eJalimane) G. Wendland maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Futhi ku-vivo, lesi sitshalo singatholakala ePanama naseMexico. Lesi sitshalo sineziqu ezinokhuni ezikhula zifike ku-1m ukuphakama.

Ekufuneni ukukhanya, iziqu zingangena futhi zifane ne-liana esembozweni.

1. Izimbali - okukhanyayo okubomvu oku-orenji, okubomvu, okubomvu kohlobo lwezimbali-amashubhu, aqoqwe kuma-inflorescence-buds (amise okwe-spike) (afana nezigaxa, aze afike ku-6 cm). Izimbali azinaphunga.
2. ICorolla inamahlaya aphuzi, acishe avaleke ngokuphelele futhi asongwe ngokuma kwesigqoko sokuzivikela. Iqhakaza isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuqhakaza kancane kancane kwama-buds (kusuka phezulu kuye phansi).
3. Iziqu zezitshalo - I-tetrahedral, ukuhlelwa kwamaqabunga kuphambene.
4. Amapheshana unesimo se-elliptical enqenqemeni lekama, umbala uluhlaza okotshani ojulile, ingaphezulu lembelwe nge-matte, ayinaphunga. Uma ehlikihliwe, amaqabunga enza umsindo ogqokayo (njengephepha).

Lezi zinhlobo ziphinde zitshalwe ezimeni zasendlini nasesigodini. Ubude besitshalo bufinyelela ukuphakama kwama-20-60 cm. ERussia, lolu hlobo luqhubeka nokungajwayelekile, noma ngabe kunesizotha nezimfanelo ezinhle zokuhlobisa.

I-Scarlet skullcap, lapho ikhule ngaphansi kwezimo zasendlini nezokushisa okushisa, idinga ukuvuselelwa kwezitshalo okujwayelekile ngokusika. Ikhule njengonyaka noma kabili ngonyaka.

Isikwele

Isitshalo esingapheli, esinamagama futhi: i-skullcap acutifoliate, i-skullcap eseduze. Ikhula eRussia (emazweni aseningizimu engxenyeni yaseYurophu, eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga yeSiberia), e-Ukraine, e-Asia Ephakathi, eMongolia, eChina.

• I-semi-shrub ekhula ize ifike ku-1.5 m ukuphakama.
• Amaqabunga amile okweqanda ngamaphethelo amangelengele.
• Izimbali ziphuzi, zikhulu (ngaphezu kuka-3 cm ububanzi), zinezinwele.

Ikhetha ukukhula ezintabeni eziphakeme, ezigodini, emathafeni asemaqeleni. Izimbali zivela cishe ngoJuni ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zeziqu ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula.

Okunemibala emikhulu

I-semi-shrub enombala ompunga ngenxa ye-pubescence. Ikhula eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga yeSiberia, e-Altai, eMongolia. Ikhetha ukukhula emithambekeni enamadwala noma enamagravel, talus, amatshe, amatshe amatshe.

Impande ijiyile, inamandla futhi inesono. Iziqu - ziningi, zinamagatsha, ziphakeme ngo-10-20 cm. Eduze kwesisekelo - sokhuni futhi sine-pubescent esinezinwele ezimfushane ezisontekile.

Amaqabunga mancane, avundile, ancishisiwe noma ancanyana kancane eduze kwesisekelo, atholakala kuma-petioles amade (kufika ku-12 mm).

Emaphethelweni amaqabunga kukhona i-crenate-dentate, kanti amaqabunga ngokwawo angama-pubescent ezinhlangothini zombili ezinezinwele ezisontekile, eziluhlaza okotshani ngenhla.

1. Izimbali form capense dense, infrarescence ecishe ibe yi-tetrahedral efinyelela ku-4 cm ubude ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zamagatsha.
2. Indebe - cishe u-2 mm ubude, uboya obunothile, une-scutellum enama-appiform, e-purple ngombala.
3. ICorolla inobude obungu-1.5-2.5 cm, umbala upinki-violet noma uphephuli, kokunye ubonakala kakhulu ngaphandle.
4. Amantongomane - unxantathu-okusaqanda, omnyama, eminyene embozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ze-stellate.

Isikhathi sokuqhakaza nguJuni-Agasti.

IBaikal

Imifino engapheli enamanye amagama amaningi:

• i-blue St. wort eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• umnyombo;
• isihlangu;
• umama wotshwala;
• ugogo;
• isihlangu;
• ushaka;
• ugebhezi;
• imifino yenhliziyo;
• ukuhamba ngemikhumbi;
• okudliwayo.

ERussia, ikhula endaweni yeLake Baikal, esifundeni sase-Amur nasePrimorsky Territory. Kutholakala nakwamanye amazwe - eMongolia, Korea, enyakatho yeChina.

1. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama, sinesiqu esinamagatsha kahle.
2. Impande imfishane futhi iminyene, inombala onsundu, kepha lapho kuphuka izimpande ezincane ziphuzi, kuthi ezindala zibe nsundu.
3. Amaqabunga esitshalo mancane, ayisiyingi, futhi alukhuni ukuthintwa.
4. Izimbali zinombala onsomi, omile insimbi, unezindebe ezimbili, ziqoqwe eziqongweni zeziqu kuma-inflorescence e-racemose. Izimbali zihlobisa ngokwedlulele futhi ziyakhanga.

Isikhathi sokuqhakaza nguJuni-Julayi.

Ungathola incazelo eningiliziwe ye-Baikal skullcap kanye nemithetho yokukhulisa imbali esihlokweni esehlukile, futhi ungathola ngezimpawu zokwelapha nokuphikisana kwalolu hlobo lwesitshalo kule nto.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, uhlobo "Shlemnik" lunendawo ebanzi futhi ngokubanzi lubandakanya izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-460. Izimfanelo zokuhlobisa nokudaya zitholakala eziningi zalezi zitshalo, kuyilapho kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa zisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokwelapha nezimonyo.

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