Ukukhula kwe-agave ekhaya, ukunakekelwa okulandelayo, kanye nezici zokukhiqiza kabusha izimbali

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I-Agave, isimangaliso esimnandi esithunyelwa ngaphandle sisuka ezifundeni ezomile zaseMexico naseNyakatho Melika emuva ngekhulu le-16, sisohlwini lwezitshalo zasendlini ezidumile okulula ukuzinakekela ekhaya. Lesi isitshalo sesikhathi eside esinezinto eziningi eziwusizo; sihlotshiswe ngezingadi zasebusika nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nezipholile, nasogwini loLwandle Olumnyama nasemazweni aseMedithera sikhule endaweni evulekile.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 ze-agave, ubukhulu bazo buqala ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuye kumamitha ayi-5. Izitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu zokutshala ekhaya (endaweni evaliwe) yizitshalo ezinosayizi omncane ngokukhula okuhamba kancane, ngokwesibonelo, i-filamentous, iFunka, iTumi, i-Queen Victoria agave. Kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo, i-American ne-Parras kungcono.

Yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka esingcono kakhulu sokutshala isitshalo?

Izinyanga zasentwasahlobo zilungele ukutshala i-agave.... I-Agave idinga umoya ohlanzekile nokukhanya kwelanga okuningi ukuze kubambelele enhlabathini nokukhula okunamandla.

Inhlabathi evela esitolo sezimbali ayifanele ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwesitshalo, ngakho-ke ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthenga, kufanele ubhekane nendaba yokufakelwa kabusha.

Ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi

Endle, ama-agave ajwayele inhlabathi enesihlabathi namatshe anesihlabathi.... Esitolo sezimbali, ungathenga inhlabathi ekhethekile yama-succulent (i-yucca, i-dracaena, imithi yesundu), noma uzilungiselele yona. Ngalokhu udinga ukuthatha:

Izingxenye ezi-3 zomhlaba wobumba-sod;
Ingcezu eyodwa yomhlaba onamaqabunga;
1 ingxenye yesihlabathi somfula.

Abalimi bezimbali abanolwazi bayeluleka ukufaka i-lime, amalahle kanye nokudla kwethambo esihlabathini, okudingekayo ukuze kubulawe amagciwane enhlabathini nokwandisa ukuzala.

Ungakhula kanjani ekhaya?

I-agave ingasakazwa ngezindlela eziningana.:

imbewu;
ama-cuttings ama-rhizomes;
izingane.

Ngakho-ke uzikhulisa kanjani lezi zitshalo ngezindlela ezihlukile?

Kusuka embewini

Ukuhlwanyela

Lapho ikhule isuka ezimbewini, izinga lokuhluma kwama-agave liphakeme, yize iqiniso lokuthi izitshalo zikhula isikhathi eside futhi inqubo uqobo iyasebenza. Amashalofu wesitolo sezimbali anikela ngezinhlobo eziningi zembewu, kepha izingxube zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zigwenywa kangcono njengoba zingadinga izimo ezahlukahlukene zokukhula.

Imbewu ye-Agave imnyama futhi iyisicaba. Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu bulingana nobukhulu besitshalo esivele sikhulile, esivuthiwe. Ezincane kakhulu azikho ngaphezu kuka-2 mm ububanzi, ezinkulu kakhulu zingaphezu kwesentimitha.

Ukuhlwanyela kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo enhlabathini kuze kufike ku-0.5-1 cm ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi azikho izinhlamvu zesikhunta, imbewu yokhula kanye nezinambuzane ku-substrate yokutshala, kufanele ishiswe: bamba imizuzu engama-20-30 ekushiseni kwama-60 degrees. Ngemuva kokuhlunga.

Isitsha esikhulu, esingajulile sikulungele ukuhlwanyela inani elikhulu lembewu yezinhlobo ezifanayo. Uma ufisa, ingilazi noma ukwahlukanisa kwepulasitiki kungabekwa ngaphakathi kuyo. I-substrate eqediwe ithelwa ezimbizeni noma ezitsheni zokutshala, ibekwe kuthileyi lamanzi igcinwe kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi imunca umswakama.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ingafakwa ngaphambi kokufakwa ku-agent ye-prophylactic (isb. iFitosporin) noma isikhuthazi. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqandeni okungenzeka izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nefungal.

Imbewu enkulu kufanele isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu, kuthi encane ithelwe ngokucophelela. Ngemuva kwalokho afafazwa ngebhodlela lokufafaza ngamanzi ahlungiwe afudumele afafazwe ngesihlabathi.

Isihlabathi kufanele sibe ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo: indawo eminyene kakhulu ingashisa izitshalo ezincane, futhi ibe yinhle - isimende ebusweni futhi yenze kube nzima ukuthi amahlumela aqhume.

Imigomo

Izinga lokushisa elihle lokuhlwanyela imbewu eningi ngama-degree angama-20 ebusuku nango-25-30 emini. Ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa ebusuku kunomthelela omuhle, njengoba kuphinda ushintsho ezimweni zemvelo.
Ukulinganisela kwemfudumalo nokukhanya kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezihlumayo, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke zisinde. Kumele zibiyelwe elangeni eliqondile ngocingo olubonakalayo. Uma kunokushoda kokukhanya kwemvelo, hlela ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo, ngokungabikho kokushisa - i-greenhouse encane. Ungasebenzisa amabhethri noma wakhe ukushisa okuzenzakalelayo nge-timer. Igumbi lidinga ukufuthwa umoya kaningi, futhi isitsha (i-micro greenhouse) kufanele sivulwe okungenani kabili ngosuku. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo sezitshalo.
Umswakama kufanele ugcinwe ngokulinganisela futhi ulawulwe ngokumelene nesikhunta nezinambuzane. Ama-midges amancane angabhubhisa wonke umsebenzi uma ukubukeka kwawo kuphuthelwe futhi kungathathwanga ngesikhathi.

Iqabunga lokuqala lizovela cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20, futhi lesi mhlawumbe yisigaba esithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi bezimbali. Emasontweni amabili, amaqabunga alula afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-8 ubude, futhi i-rosette iqala ukwakhiwa ngasikhathi sinye nokuvela kweqabunga lesine. Izinsuku ezingama-20 ngemuva kwamaqabunga ama-4, ama-5 avela, ngakho-ke sonke isitshalo sakha kancane kancane.

Dlulisa

Ama-agave akhula kancane azodinga ukutshalwa kabusha ngemuva konyaka, lawo akhula ngokushesha - ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.

Kuzoba wusizo ukufaka ilebula kuwo wonke amabhodwe ngokunamathela kudecal ngayinye: ngubani igama lohlobo olunikeziwe lwenzalo, ubuningi bayo, igama lomphakeli nayo yonke imininingwane eyaziwayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ngokuzayo ukuthi kungadideki izitshalo: ama-agave amaningi ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula afana kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Ngemuva konyaka, i-agave idinga ukufakwa ebhodweni ngamasentimitha angu-3-4 ngaphezulu, futhi eminyakeni elandelayo, ukufakelwa kabusha kuyadingeka njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3.

Ukusakazwa kwamaqabunga

Isatshalaliswa ngeqabunga, i-agave ikhula ngokushesha futhi ize izimbali:

Iqabunga eliluhlaza kakhulu elingenamabala lisikwa ngokucophelela ngommese phansi.
Yomisa cishe amahora angu-4-5.
Kutshalwe ezimbizeni ezilungiselelwe ezigcwele inhlabathi.

Izimo ezikhulayo:

Izinga lokushisa kufanele libe + 21-24 degrees.
Ukunisela okumaphakathi kuze kube sezingeni eligcwele.
Awudingi ukumboza ibhodwe.

Amahlamvu aqala ukuhluma ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa.

Izingane

Lapho sikhiqizwa kabusha yizingane, lesi sitshalo esisha sizokwakha uhlelo lwempande olunamandla, kepha isitshalo esidala ngeke sisakwazi ukukhula. Lapho kusatshalaliswa yizingane ku-agave:

Amahlumela akhiwa phansi kwesiqu ahlukaniswa nefindo eliyimpoqo egatsheni ngalinye.
Izingcezu ezisikiwe zifafazwa ngophawuda wamalahle bese zomiswa amahora angu-4-5.
Zitshalwe enhlabathini emanzi.

Izimo ezikhulayo:

Ikhule ngo- + 20 endle.
Ukunisela kokuqala kuhlelwe ngezinsuku ezintathu. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, emfudlaneni omncane, ukuze ungagezi ingxube yenhlabathi.
Musa ukufafaza noma ukumboza ngengilazi.

Izingane ze-Agave zigxila nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngemuva kokutshala, i-agave idinga umswakama omningi kuphela ngesonto lokuqala. Izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukufiphazwa okukhanyayo kusuka elangeni elikhanyayo ngokweqile.

Kuthiwani uma kungamili izimpande?

Njenganoma isiphi isitshalo, i-agave ithatha isikhathi ukuzivumelanisa nenhlabathi nendawo entsha. Kuthatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthi amahlumela amile... Uma ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi ngokusobala kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesitshalo, khona-ke kungaba nezizathu eziningana:

izimpande namaqabunga esitshalo kwalimala ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha;
i-agave ingabanda, ukungabi khona kokushisa kuyayithinta.

Ungazama ukuthela amanzi enhlabathini ngesipuni soju esincibilikisiwe (isipuni 1 ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi). Uju luyisikhuthazi sezimpande. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuhlolelwa ukubola nezinambuzane, ukubheka ukuthi izimpande azikhukhuliwe yini, uma kunesidingo, ukuze ziphinde zitshalwe.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa

Umbuso wethempelesha... Isitshalo se-Agave siyi-thermophilic. Ngakho-ke, igumbi kufanele libe ngu-20-25 degrees ehlobo, futhi lingabi ngaphansi kuka- + 10 ebusika.
Ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhiphele i-agave emoyeni (ungayitshala embhedeni wezimbali) noma kaningi ukufaka umoya efulethini.
Ukukhanyisa... I-Agave iyathanda ukugeza ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, isitshalo esidala asiyesabi imisebe eqondile, ngakho-ke ngezinsuku ezinelanga singabekwa emafasiteleni noma kumabhalkhoni ngaphandle kokwesaba. Kungcono ukhethe iwindi eliseningizimu.
Ebusika, ukukhanyisa okungeziwe kufanele kuhlinzekwe. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, amaqabunga e-agave aba mancane, lesi sitshalo sinwebeka futhi silahlekelwe ukukhanga kwaso. Ukukhanyisa ungasebenzisa amalambu we-fluorescent. I-Agave izwa kamnandi emakamelweni awomile anomswakama ongadluli kuma-40%.
Umhlabathi... I-Agave idinga amanzi nomoya ongaphansi ongangena ngaphakathi, okuxekethile, okuncane nge-nitrogen, kepha okunempilo. Ungathenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo ye-cacti, noma wenze i-substrate ngokwakho, usebenzisa inhlabathi yamaqabunga nenhlabathi enobumba ngesihlabathi nezakhi zomzimba.
Ukudonsa okuhle kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-agave, ngakho-ke ungqimba lobumba olunwetshiwe noma isitini esibomvu esiphukile kufanele sibekwe phansi ebhodweni ukuvimbela umswakama oweqile. Isendlalelo ukujiya - 2-3 cm.
Ukukhethwa kwebhodwe... I-Agave idinga amabhodwe asezingeni eliphansi (anobubanzi besilinganiso sokuphakama esingu-1: 1), ububanzi, kepha hhayi obujule kakhulu, nezimbobo zokuhambisa amanzi ngezansi.
Usayizi ukhethwa ngemajini yokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo kohlelo lwempande.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu... Ukuze ukhule ngesivinini esisheshayo sesitshalo, udinga ukusondla ngesikhathi sokukhula, kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, kanye ngenyanga.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu, umanyolo wamaminerali we-cacti noma izingxube ezikhethekile zezingulube. Ziqukethe i-phosphorus eningi ne-potassium, kanti iphesenti le-nitrogen liphansi. Ungangeza isidlo sethambo noma i-superphosphate ku-substrate. Kubalulekile ukugcina ubukhulu futhi ungadluli isitshalo ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoholela ezinkingeni zokukhula.
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi, izitshalo azilele. Awukwazi ukubondla.
Ukunisela... Ehlobo, ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo, kepha kube ngokulinganisela, kungabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezintathu ngesonto. Umhlabathi akufanele wome noma ube manzi, kodwa ube manzi. Ebusika, ukuthambisa kuncike ekushiseni: i-agave iyaniselwa kanye ngesonto uma izinga lokushisa lifinyelela kuma-degree ayi-10 nezikhathi ezi-2-3 uma liphakeme.
Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe lapha, ngoba umswakama ophezulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi ubangela ukubola kwezimpande neziqu. Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela kokubili ukoma kwekhoma lobumba kanye netheku. Amanzi okunisela kufanele ahlungwe (ahlaliswe) futhi afudumele. Ungasebenzisa amanzi ancibilikayo noma omfula.
Lapho uchelela, ungangeni esitolo nakumaqabunga. Ngezinsuku ezinelanga, amaconsi amanzi emaqabungeni angadala ukusha. Kuphephe kakhulu ukunisela ku-pallet. I-agave ayidingi ukufafazwa, kepha amaqabunga ayo kufanele ahlanzwe ngokushesha ngothuli ngendwangu ethambile, ungakhohlwa ukuyomisa kamuva. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inqubo yokubola ingaqala.

Izici:

Ezifundeni ezinobusika obuncane, i-agave ivame ukutshalwa ngaphandle, kepha ezindaweni ezinobusika obubandayo, ezimbizeni noma ezitsheni. Ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, bangeniswa egumbini elipholile nelikhanyayo "lobusika" futhi lapho banakekelwa ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile.
Indawo ekhulayo kufanele ibe nesihlabathi noma i-loam loam, eyomile futhi ekhishwe kahle.
Ukukhula ngaphandle kwe-agave kudinga amanzi amancane kunokukhula esitsheni.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Amaqabunga ayoma... Uma lesi sitshalo sinenkinga yamanzi, amaqabunga aso aqala ukoma futhi acwile. Ubuningi bokunisela kufanele bancishiswe.
Kungani amaqabunga aphuzi? Kulokhu, lolu daba kungenzeka kakhulu ngokushisa okweqile. Imbali kufanele isuswe kude nomthombo wokushisa.
Isikhunta... I-Anthracnose, isikhunta, ivame ukutholakala kuma-agave. Ivezwa ngesimo samachashazi ansundu aphuzi, azungezwe umngcele ompunga, ezihlokweni nakumaqabunga. Izicubu ezikulezi zindawo zigcwele izilonda, bese ziyafa. Ukususa ukhunta, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphathwe ngokulungiselela okukhethekile kwe-fungicidal okususelwa ethusi, ngokulandela ngokucophelela imiyalo:
1. Fundazol.
2. I-Fitosporin.
3. I-Topsin.
Isihlangu... Lapho ama-agave elinyazwa ama-scabbards ngesiponji sikakotini esifakwe ngamanzi agcwele insipho, sula onke amaqabunga nesiqu ukuqeda i-coccidus - ungqimba olunamathelayo.
Kungcono ukumboza inhlabathi ngesiqeshana sepulasitiki. Igobolondo elincane liqoqwa ngendwangu emanzi. Ekugcineni, imbali iyagezwa ngaphansi kweshawa, kuthi ngakusasa iphathwe ngesixazululo esikhethekile (Actellik). Le nqubo iphindaphindwa ama-2-3 ngenyanga.
I-Aphid... Ukwakheka okulandelayo kungabhubhisa hhayi kuphela isinambuzane esikalini, kepha futhi nezintwala - esinye "isishayo" esiyingozi se-agave.
Thela u-10 ml wotshwala kanye ne-15 ml yensipho engamanzi elitha lamanzi ashisayo, shaya kahle bese ufaka igwebu endaweni enegciwane. Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12, hlambulula isitshalo ngaphansi kweshawa bese womile. Izinqubo ezintathu zanele ngaphakathi kwamasonto amathathu. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, ungazama ama-insecticide:
1. I-Permethrin.
2. AmaMetaphos.
3. Intavir.
Isicabucabu... Lesi silokazane sihlukaniswa ngokuzala nobungqabavu baso, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ngokushesha isibulala-zinambuzane ngesenzo se-acaricidal:
1. I-Actellic.
2. Fufanon.
3. U-Apollo.

Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezifo ku-agave akunzima kangako:

unakekele isitshalo ngokucophelela, ulandela izincomo ezijwayelekile zokunisela nokondla;
faka umoya ekamelweni;
khipha amanzi amile epanini;
ungasebenzisi inhlabathi namanzi okudala.

Isitshalo esisha esithengiwe kufanele sibekwe eceleni kwezinye izimbali amasonto ambalwa futhi sihlolwe njalo "izilwane ezifuywayo" eziluhlaza okotshani.

Isiphetho

I-Agave izongena kahle kunoma iyiphi ifulethi: lesi sitshalo esingenakuzithoba singajabulisa umnikazi waso isikhathi eside sihlangene nezinye iziphuzo noma ezinye izimbali. Ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle, ilungele ukuhlobisa izingoma zamahhovisi, imibhede yokushisa okushisayo nezingadi zasebusika. Ukubonga ukunakekelwa kokunikeza hhayi kuphela injabulo yamehlo, kepha futhi nezinzuzo ezisebenzayo.

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