Izindlela ezimbili zokusabalalisa amapheya ahlabayo, izinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi, kanye nemiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokutshala i-cactus

Indawo enkulu yokukhula kwepheya eliyisiqholo yiMexico, izifunda zeNyakatho neNingizimu Melika, iWest Indies. Kunezinhlobo zamapheya a-prickly alethwe eMedithera, e-Australia, eNdiya kanye naseningizimu yeRussia, lapho ezizwa emuhle khona. Ezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo lomndeni we-cactus emvelweni zikhula zifike ku-5 m ubude. I-Opuntia ineziqu ezinamanzi ezinamanzi, ezinamaphiko amakhulu nezincane. I-cactus blooms enezimbali ezinhle eziphuzi, ezisawolintshi nezibomvu. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda ngezici zokusakazwa kwepharele eliyizinhlayiyana, izinhlobo zokusabalalisa nokunakekela isitshalo ngemuva kwenqubo.

Yisiphi isikhathi esihle sonyaka sokusabalalisa i-cactus?

Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile nezimbali ezinhle, eliphakathi kwe-prickly lithandwa kakhulu e-floriculture yasekhaya. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo akunzima kakhulu, kodwa kunezici zayo.

Isikhathi esikahle sokuzalisa i-cactus intwasahlobo nehlobo.... Izimpande zisika kalula kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba, kanti imbewu ihlwanyelwa kangcono ngoMashi. Uma usabalalisa eliphakathi kwe-prickly ngalesi sikhathi, khona-ke ubunzima bokuqothula izimpande abuvamile, ngoba izitshalo ezincane zigcwele ubungqabavu.

Kepha ebusika, ihlumela elincane kungenzeka lingabi nezimpande, ngoba ubusika be-cacti yisikhathi sokuphumula. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma ipheya elibukhali ligcinwa, uma isitshalo sigula futhi singafa ngokuphelele.

Izinto zembiza nosayizi

Ukutshala amapheya ahlabayo akunandaba ukuthi ibhodwe lenziwa ngani, noma iyiphi i-vase yezimbali izoyenzan. Kufanele ibe banzi futhi ingajuli. Isici esiyinhloko ukuba khona okuphoqelekile komgodi wokuhambisa amanzi ezansi kwethangi. Umgodi ungaba munye omkhulu (ongafika ku-0.5 mm ububanzi) noma omncane.

Uma imbiza ye-cactus ihlelelwe ukufakwa kufenisha nokugeleza kwamanzi kungathandeki, lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukwakha ungqimba lwamanzi wokujiya ezansi embizeni yezimbali. Ubukhulu bembiza buya ngosayizi wesitshalo. Esitsheni esikhulu, i-cactus izokhula izimpande futhi ikhule kancane.

Ukwakheka komhlaba

I-Opuntia, njengazo zonke izitshalo ze-cactus, ithanda inhlabathi enamanzi nenhlabathi. Umhlaba onjalo ungadalwa kusetshenziswa isihlabathi, i-vermiculite, i-gravel. Umhlabathi we-cacti kufanele ube namanzi nomoya ovulekile futhi ungaquki umanyolo (umquba, ubulembu bezinyoni, njll.), Ngoba i-nitrogen ithinta kabi ukukhula kwalezi zitshalo.

Kukhona ukwakheka kwenhlabathi yendawo yonke efanele amapheya ahlabayo:

• Izingxenye ezi-2 zomhlaba onobumba obungenazimpande zezitshalo notshani;
• Izingxenye ezimbili ze-humus yamaqabunga (ngaphandle kwamafindo namahlumela);
• Izingxenye ezimbili zesihlabathi somfula esihlanzekile esihhadlile;
• Ingxenye engu-1, equkethe inani elilinganayo lamalahle nezitini eziphukile (ezigayiwe kahle futhi ezingenalo uthuli).

Kumalitha ayi-3.5 ale nhlanganisela, kuyasiza ukufaka isipuni sohlamvu lweqanda oluchotshoziwe noma ushoki ochotshoziwe, idlanzana le-vermiculite elicolekileyo nethisipuni ye-superphosphate.

Ukukhula ngembewu

Inzuzo yokusakazwa kwembewu ukuthi isitshalo esitshalwe ngembewu siyasebenza futhi siqine ngokwengeziwe... I-cactus, eyavela enzalweni, kusukela ekuzalweni kwayo ivumelana nezimo ezizungezile. Akadingi ukuhamba ngokufakelwa kabusha, ukujwayela uhlelo olusha lwe-microclimate nokunakekela.

Ububi bale ndlela ukungaboni kahle kokuvela kwezithombo esigabeni sokuqala. Izinhlobo ezivamile zepheya elihlabayo elinganiki izingane namahlumela zingasakazwa kuphela yimbewu.

Ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyilungiselele imbewu?

Imbewu ye-Opuntia inegobolondo elinzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuze zikwazi ukuhluma, ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele zenziwe isikwele ngenye yezindlela ezimbili:

1. cubungula igobolondo eliqinile nge-sandpaper bese ugcwalisa ngamanzi usuku lonke;
2. cwilisa imbewu izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukuhlanza amagciwane imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kuyadingeka ukuthi yehliswe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka sama-manganese imizuzu eyi-15-20.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imfundo

Lapho usabalalisa imbewu yamapheya, kuyadingeka:

1. lungisa isitsha esinobubanzi obungu-10 cm nobude obungu-3-7 cm ngomgodi wamanzi;
2. gcwalisa isitsha ngenhlanganisela yomhlabathi oyinzalo (1 ingxenye yamalahle, ingxenye engu-vermiculite nezingxenye ezi-2 zamaqabunga e-humus), ungafinyeleli emaphethelweni aphezulu ebhodweni u-20 mm;
3. tshala imbewu elungisiwe ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu, ufafaza ungqimba oluncane lomhlabathi (5-10 mm);
4. fafaza isivuno kusuka ebhodleleni lokufafaza.

Ukuze uthole amahlumela embewu aphumelelayo, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezikahle kubo:

• nikeza ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo;
• qapha umswakama womhlabathi;
• nikezela ngombuso wokushisa ofanele uhlobo oluthile lwepheya elihlabayo.

Isikhathi esincane sokuhluma kwembewu yinyanga eyodwa. Izinga lokuhluma kwembewu yamapheya axhomekile lincike esikhathini nezimo zokugcina kwazo. Imbewu emisha ihluma ngokusondele kakhulu.

Ukunakwa! Lapho imbewu ihluma, isiqu esiphakathi kwepheya elincane elihlikihliwe ekuqaleni siba nomumo oyindilinga, bese siba isicaba, sikhule kancane ngobubanzi.

Siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwepheya eliyimbewu kusuka ezimbewini:

Izithelo

Ukusika kubhekwa njengendlela elula yokusabalalisa eliphakathi kwe-prickly... Kodwa-ke, ngokuzala isikhathi eside futhi kaningi kwe-cactus ngokusika, ikhwalithi yesitshalo iyehla futhi yehle.

Ungayikhetha kanjani futhi uyilungiselele ukusika?

Lapho kusakazwa ngokusikwa, kubalulekile ukuthi izingane ezisikiwe zokutshala zivuthwe ngokuphelele. Izingxenye zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga e-cylindrical akhula kusuka ezinkundleni esewile ngokuphelele.

1. Udinga ukusika ukusika ngensimbi eyinyumba, bese ufafaza amaphuzu asikiwe ezingxenye zombili zesitshalo ngamalahle achotshoziwe noma i-sulfur powder.
2. Ukusika kufanele komiswe endaweni emile ngokukufaka engilazini.
3. Lapho ukusika kuqinisiwe, inqubo ingasuswa.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imfundo

Ngemuva kokuthi iphuzu lokusika selisomile, lingasuswangokwenza okulandelayo:

1. lungiselela izinkomishi zepulasitiki ezilahlayo ezinezimbobo zamanzi ezenziwe ngaphambilini ezansi;
2. gcwalisa izinkomishi ngomxube wenhlabathi, njengesitshalo sabantu abadala;
3. qinisa isiqu ku-substrate ngo-2-3 cm.

Izimo zokuqothula ama-cuttings ziyefana nezitshalo zabantu abadala, kepha ngaphandle kokudla. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-3-4, izimpande zokuqala kufanele zivele.

Okubalulekile! Isiqu sizosebenza kangcono uma usika esikhulayo eduze kwaphezulu kwe-cactus.

Siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emayelana nokuxhunyelelwa kanye nokuqothulwa kwamapheya aphikisayo:

Ngingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile?

I-Opuntia ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha izifunda eziseningizimu yeRussia, iCrimea noma iCaucasus, lapho ubusika bumnene kakhulu, zilungele kakhulu lokhu.

Indawo ekahle yokutshala amapheya ahlabayo emhlabathini ovulekile kuzoba yindawo ekhanyiswe kahle futhi evikeleke emoyeni. Isilayidi se-alpine, ingxenye yaso ephezulu, singaba yindawo enjalo. I-cactus, kufanele ifudumele ehlobo futhi yomile ebusika. Amanzi nawo ayadingeka.

Inhlabathi yamapheya atshalwe enhlabathini evulekile kufanele ibe lula, ivuleke, ibe nesihlabathi, ibe nohlalu olucolekile nobumba olwandisiwe. Ukuvikela i-cactus ukuthi ingaboli ngesikhathi sokuchelela, ikhola yempande yayo kufanele ifafazwe ngohlalu oluhle. Ngaphezulu kwehlobo, ipheya elihlabayo liyokhula futhi liqine.

Kunezinhlobo zezimbali eziqhakazile ebusika zepharele elihlabayo:

• polycant;
• UDarwin;
• pheokanta;
• i-fragilis;
• isinkwa se-ginger.

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo ngemuva kokutshala

Ukunisela nokondla

Ehlobo, i-cactus kufanele iniselwe njalo, yize amaqabunga ayo eqoqa uketshezi oluningi. Uma kungekho umswakama owanele, isitshalo sizoqala ukubuna. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, inani lokuchelela kufanele lehliswe ukunqanda ukukhula kwesitshalo futhi silungiselele ubusika. Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezimbali ze-cacti kumele usetshenziswe kabili ngenyanga. Ekwindla, awudingi ukuvundisa ipheya elihlabayo, ukuze ungakhuthazi ukukhula kwalo ngaphambi kobusika.

Ubusika

Ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo sokushiya ipheya elihlabayo lisebusika emgwaqweni, kumele limbozwe izinaliti nezinkuni ezifile. Ungethuki uma isitshalo sikhubazeka ebusika, ngoba sizophila ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele.

Okubalulekile! Futhi izimo zasebusika zaseSpartan zizozuza amapheya ahlabayo - amahlumela azovela ku-cactus ekhulile, ezophenduka izimbali ezinhle.

Kungani ingahlumi?

Uma ipheya eliyimpande lingahlumi kahle, izizathu zingase zehluke:

• ukungabi nokukhanya;
• ukungabi khona komswakama ehlobo;
• ukufakwa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi ebusika;
• ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo;
• i-hypothermia;
• umonakalo ngezinambuzane noma ukubola kwesiqu.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, isitshalo simila kalula, inyuka ngevolumu futhi iyaqhakaza.

Ukuba nesipiliyoni sokukhula kwamapheya ahlabayo efasiteleni, ungazama ukukhulisa le cactus exotic engadini. Ngokubukeka kwaso okungajwayelekile nezimbali ezinhle, lesi sitshalo sizohlobisa noma isiphi isiza, sinezela okuhlukahlukene nokungajwayelekile endaweni ejwayelekile.

Bukela ividiyo: Conoscere e coltivare i cactus: il genere Astrophytum (Septhemba 2024).