I-Varanasi e-India - idolobha le-pyres yomngcwabo

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IVaranasi, i-India ingelinye lamadolobha angaqondakali futhi anempikiswano enkulu, lapho amaNdiya amaningi eza khona ukuzofa. Kodwa-ke, leli siko alixhunywanga nemvelo enhle kakhulu noma umuthi omuhle - amaHindu akholelwa ukuthi uMfula iGanges uzobakhulula ekuhluphekeni kwasemhlabeni.

Ulwazi oluvamile

IVaranasi ingelinye lamadolobha amakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, eyaziwa ngokuthi yisikhungo sokufunda kweBrahmin. AmaBuddha, amaHindu namaJain ayithatha njengendawo engcwele. Kusho kubo njengaseRoma kumaKatolika naseMecca kumaSulumane.

IVaranasi ihlanganisa indawo eyi-1550 sq. km, futhi inani labantu lingaphansi nje kwabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.5. Ingelinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi amadala kunawo wonke eNdiya. Igama lomuzi livela emifuleni emibili - iVaruna neAssi, egelezela eGanges. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi iVaranasi ibizwa nge-Avimuktaka, Brahma Vardha, Sudarshan noRamya.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iVaranasi ingesinye sezikhungo ezibaluleke kakhulu zemfundo eNdiya. Ngakho-ke, yiyunivesithi kuphela ezweni ekhona lapha, lapho kufundiswa khona ngolimi lwesiTibetan. Le yiCentral University of Tibetan Study, esungulwe ngaphansi kweJawaharlal Nehru.

Amadolobha amakhulu asondele kakhulu eVaranasi yiKanpur (370 km), iPatna (300 km), iLucknow (290 km). IKolkata iqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-670 kanti iNew Delhi iqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-820. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Varanasi itholakala cishe emngceleni (ngamazinga amaNdiya). Emngceleni neNepal - 410 km, eBangladesh - 750 km, esifundeni iTibet Autonomous - 910 km.

Inkomba yomlando

Njengoba iVaranasi ingelinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu emhlabeni, umlando wayo unemibala emihle futhi uyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokomlando othile wasendulo, unkulunkulu uShiva wasungula indawo esizeni saleli dolobha lanamuhla, okwenza kwaba esinye sezikhungo zenkolo zase-Eurasia.

Imininingwane yokuqala enembile mayelana nokukhokha ihlehlela emuva ku-3000 BC. - kushiwo emibhalweni eminingi yamaHindu njengesikhungo sezimboni. Izazi-mlando zithi lapha kusetshenziswe usilika, ukotini, imislin. Benza namakha nezifanekiso lapha. Enkulungwaneni yokuqala yeminyaka BC. e. IVaranasi yavakashelwa abahambi abaningana ababhala ngalo muzi "njengesikhungo senkolo, sesayensi nobuciko" sezwekazi laseNdiya.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yesithathu yekhulu le-18, i-Varanasi yaba inhlokodolobha yombuso waseKashi, lapho idolobha laqala khona ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu kunezindawo ezingomakhelwane. Isibonelo, enye yezinqaba zokuqala eNdiya kanye nezigodlo eziningi kanye nezakhiwo zepaki zakhiwe lapha.

Unyaka ka-1857 uthathwa njengosizi ku-Varanasi - ama-sepoys avukela, futhi abaseBrithani, befuna ukumisa isixuku, babulala izakhamuzi eziningi zendawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxenye enkulu yabantu bakuleli dolobha yafa.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, leli dolobha laba yindawo yokuhambela amakholwa angamakhulu ezinkulungwane - beza lapha bevela kulo lonke elase-Asia ukuzobamba iqhaza emikhosini yasendaweni nokuvakashela amathempeli. Abantu abaningi abacebile beza eVaranasi ukuyofela “ezweni elingcwele”. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni eduze neGanges, imini nobusuku, kusha imililo lapho kushiswa khona inqwaba yezidumbu (lokho kuyisiko).

Ekhulwini lama-20 nasekuqaleni kwama-21, leli dolobha futhi liyisikhungo esibalulekile senkolo, esiheha amakholwa avela kulo lonke izwe kanye nososayensi abafuna ukutadisha kangcono isimo sale ndawo.

Impilo yezenkolo

KubuHindu, i-Varanasi ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo eziyinhloko zokukhulekela iShiva, ngoba, ngokwenganekwane, nguyena owathi ngo-5000 BC. wadala idolobha. Kusemadolobheni amakhulu we-TOP-7 amaBuddha namaJain. Kodwa-ke, iVaranasi ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi idolobha lezinkolo ezine, ngoba amaSulumane amaningi ahlala lapha.

Ukuhambela eVaranasi kudume kakhulu kumaHindu ngoba idolobha limi osebeni lweGanges, umfula ongcwele kubo. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wonke umHindu ufuna ukufika lapha ukugeza, futhi ekupheleni kwempilo yakhe azoshiswa lapha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukufela ubuHindu obulandelayo kungesinye sezigaba zokuzalwa kabusha.

Njengoba inani labahambeli abeza lapha bezoshona livumelekile, izivalo zomngcwabo ziyasha edolobheni laseVaranasi imini nobusuku.

Indawo okushiswa kuyo izidumbu zomoya evulekile

Akuwona wonke umuntu ongafa “kahle” e-Varanasi - ukuze ushiswe futhi uvunyelwe ukudlula eGanges, kufanele ukhokhe isamba esiqoqekile, futhi amakholwa amaningi abelokhu eqoqa imali yohambo oluya ezweni elilandelayo iminyaka eminingi.

Ensimini yedolobha kukhona ama-ghats angama-84 - lawa angama-crematoria, lapho kushiswa khona izidumbu ezisukela ku-200 kuye ku-400 ngosuku. Ezinye zazo zilahliwe, kanti ezinye sezishise amashumi eminyaka. Owadume kakhulu futhi wasendulo nguManikarnika Ghat, lapho iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa amaHindu asizwe ukufeza izwe laseMoksha. Inqubo imi kanje:

Emabhange aseGanges, izinkuni zibekwa ezinqwabelaneni (zithunyelwa ngaphesheya komfula, futhi amanani aphezulu kakhulu).

Babasa umlilo bese bebeka isidumbu somuntu ofile lapho. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kungakapheli amahora angama-6-7 ngemuva kokufa. Imvamisa umzimba ugoqwe ngendwangu emhlophe nokuhlobisa, okwejwayelekile ngokwesigaba umuntu akuso, kufakwa kuso.
Ngemuva kwensalela eyodwa kuphela yothuli lomuntu, uphonswa eGanges. Izidumbu eziningi azishisi ngokuphelele (uma kusetshenziswe izinkuni ezindala), nemizimba yazo intanta ngasemfuleni, nokho, okungabakhathazi nakancane abantu bendawo.

Amanani eManikarnika Ghat

Ngokuqondene nezindleko, u-1 kg wezinkuni ubiza u- $ 1. Kuthatha ama-400 kg ukushisa isidumbu, ngakho-ke, umndeni kamufi ukhokha cishe ama- $ 400, okuyimali enkulu kakhulu kubantu baseNdiya. AmaNdiya acebile avame ukubasa umlilo nge-sandalwood - 1 kg ibiza amadola ayi-160.

“Umngcwabo” obiza kakhulu ubuse-maharaja yendawo - indodana yakhe ithenge izinkuni ngokhuni lwesihlabathi, kwathi ngesikhathi kusha waphonsa itopazi namasafire emlilweni, okwathi kamuva kwaya kubasebenzi abashisa izidumbu.

Abahlanza izidumbu ngabantu besigaba esiphansi. Bahlanza indawo lapho kushiswa khona izidumbu bese bedlulisa umlotha ngesihlungo. Kungabonakala njengokungajwayelekile, kepha umsebenzi wabo omkhulu awukona nhlobo ukuhlanza - kumele bathole amatshe ayigugu nobucwebe izihlobo zabafileyo ezingeke zikwazi ukuzisusa kwabafileyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, zonke izinto zenani elikhulu ziyathengiswa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi izivakashi zazi ukuthi ukuthatha izithombe zomlilo wamahhala ngeke kusebenze - "amakholwa" azogijimela kuwe ngokushesha athi lena yindawo engcwele. Noma kunjalo, uma ukhokha imali, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Umbuzo kuphela intengo. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzi bokushiswa kwezidumbu bahlala bebuza ukuthi ungubani, usebenzela bani, njll. Lokhu kuzonquma inani abalicelayo.

Ukonga imali, kungcono ukuzethula njengomfundi - isonto lonke lokudubula, uzodinga ukukhokha cishe ama- $ 200. Ngemuva kokukhokha uzonikezwa isiqeshana sephepha, esizodinga ukukhonjiswa uma kunesidingo. Amanani aphezulu abekelwe izintatheli - usuku olulodwa lokudubula lungabiza ngaphezu kwama- $ 2,000.

Izinhlobo ze-crematoria

KubuHindu, njengasebuKristwini, kuyisiko ukungcwaba ukuzibulala nabantu abafa ngokufa ngokwemvelo ngokwehlukana. Kukhona ngisho nendawo ekhethekile yokushiswa izidumbu eVaranasi yalabo abadlule emhlabeni ngokuzithandela kwabo.

Ngaphezu kwe "elite" crematoria, idolobha line-electro-crematorium, lapho kushiswa khona labo abangakwazanga ukuthola imali eyanele. Akuvamile futhi ukuthi umuntu ovela emndenini ompofu alande izinsalela zezinkuni emlilweni osuvele ushile kulo lonke ugu. Izidumbu zabantu abanjalo azisha ngokuphelele, namathambo abo ehliselwa eGanges.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, kukhona abahlanza izidumbu. Bahamba ngesikebhe emfuleni baqoqe izidumbu zalabo abangazange bashe. Lezi kungaba yizingane (awukwazi ukushisa uneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-13), abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye neziguli ezinechoko.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abantu abalunywe yimfezi nabo abashiswa - abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi abafi, kepha baquleke okwesikhashana. Izidumbu ezinjalo zifakwa ezikebheni ezinkulu zokhuni bese zithunyelwa "ukuzindla". Amapuleti anekheli lokuhlala kwabo negama lawo anamathiselwe izidumbu zabantu, ngoba ngemuva kokuvuka, bangakhohlwa ngempilo yabo edlule.

Yonke imikhuba engenhla icacisiwe, futhi osopolitiki abaningi baseNdiya bayavuma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokumisa imikhuba enjalo. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kepha eminyakeni engama-50 eyedlule eNdiya kwakuvinjelwe ngokusemthethweni ukushisa abafelokazi - phambilini, unkosikazi, owayeshisa ephila, kwakufanele aye emlilweni nomyeni wakhe ongasekho.

Noma kunjalo, abantu bendawo kanye nabavakashi banokungabaza okukhulu ukuthi imikhuba enjalo izokhanselwa - ukufika kwamaSulumane, noma ukuvela kwabaseBrithani enhlonhlweni bekungeke kushintshe amasiko eminyaka eyinkulungwane.

Indlela idolobha elibukeka ngayo ngaphandle kwendawo "yokushiswa izidumbu"

Ibhange elibhekene neGanges yidolobhana elijwayelekile lapho kuhlala khona amaNdiya ajwayelekile. Emanzini omfula ongcwele, bageza izingubo, bapheka ukudla futhi bathanda ukubhukuda (izivakashi, empeleni, akufanele zikwenze lokhu). Impilo yabo yonke ixhunywe ngamanzi.

Ingxenye yesimanje yedolobha laseVaranasi eNdiya inqwaba yemigwaqo emincane (ibizwa ngegalis) nezindlu ezimibalabala. Kunezitolo eziningi nezitolo ezindaweni zokulala. Ngokumangazayo, ngokungafani neMumbai noma iKolkata, ayikho imijondolo nenhlabathi eminingi kangako lapha. Ukuminyana kwabantu nakho kuphansi lapha.

Enye yezindawo ezihlobene kakhulu namaBuddhist eVaranasi yiSarnath. Lesi isihlahla esikhulu, lapho, ngokusho kwenganekwane, uBuddha ashumayela khona.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi cishe zonke izindlu nemigwaqo yaseVaranasi zethiwe ngamagama ezenkolo adumile, noma ngokuya ngemiphakathi ehlala lapho.

IVaranasi yidolobha lamathempeli, ngakho-ke lapha uzothola inqwaba yamathempeli amaHindu, amaSulumane nawaseJain. Kufanele ukuvakashelwa:

IKashi Vishwanath noma iThempeli legolide. Yakhiwa ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulu uShiva, futhi ibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu edolobheni. Ngaphandle iyafana ne-kovil kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu e-India. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi leli yithempeli eligadiwe kakhulu eNdiya, futhi awukwazi ukungena kulo ngaphandle kwepasipoti.
Ithempeli lase-Annapurna linikezelwe kunkulunkulukazi wegama elifanayo. Ngokomlando, umuntu ovakashela le ndawo uzohlala egcwele.
Durgakund noma inkawu ithempeli. Kugqama ngokugqamile ngokuqhathanisa nezinye izinto ezikhangayo eVaranasi eNdiya, ngoba inezindonga ezibomvu ngokugqamile.
I-Alamgir Masjid yiyona mosque eyinhloko yedolobha.
IDhamek Stupa yithempeli elikhulu lamaBuddha lomuzi, elakhiwe esizeni sentshumayelo kaBuddha.

Ezezindlu

I-Varanasi inendawo ekhethiwe enkulu yokuhlala - amahhotela angaba ngu-400 kuphela, amahostela nezindlu zezivakashi. Ngokuyinhloko, idolobha lihlukaniswe laba yizindawo eziyisi-4 eziyinhloko:

Indawo ezungeze indawo yokushisa izidumbu ebheke emfuleni iGanges. Ngokumangazayo, kepha yile ngxenye yedolobha edingeka kakhulu kubavakashi. Umbono omuhle womfula uvula kusuka lapha, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, kunephunga elithile, futhi uma ubheka phansi, isithombe esivela emawindini asiwona umqhele kakhulu. Amanani aphakeme kakhulu lapha, futhi uma ungafuni ukubuka abantu bekhukhuleka ubusuku nemini, kungcono ungami lapha.
Ingxenye yedolobha “yasemaphandleni” osebeni olungaphesheya kweGanges. Kukhona ngokoqobo amahhotela ambalwa lapha, kepha izivakashi eziningi ziyaxwayisa ukuthi le ngxenye yeVaranasi ingaba yingozi kubavakashi - akubona bonke abantu bendawo abalungile ngabokufika.
IGali noma indawo yemigwaqo emincane iyindawo efaneleke kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukuzwa umoya wedolobha, kepha abafuni ukubuka imililo yesidumbu. Iningi lezindawo ezikhangayo zitholakala eduze, okwenza indawo ihehe kakhulu izivakashi. Okubi kufaka inani elikhulu labantu nenani elikhulu lamasango amnyama.

Ingxenye yesimanje yeVaranasi iphephe kakhulu. Amahhotela abiza kakhulu atholakala lapha, futhi izikhungo ezinkulu zamahhovisi zitholakala eduze. Amanani angaphezulu kwesilinganiso.

Ihhotela elingu-3 * ubusuku obubili ngamabili lizobiza ama-dollar angama-30-50. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi amakamelo emahhotela amaningi ahloniphekile, futhi kukhona konke okudingayo ukuze uhlale ngokunethezeka: amakamelo avulekile, umoya opholile, indawo yokugezela yangasese nayo yonke imishini edingekayo egumbini. Kukhona nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle eduze kwamahhotela amaningi.

Ngokuqondene nezindlu zezivakashi, amanani aphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ubusuku obubili ngesizini ephezulu buzobiza u- $ 21-28. Ngokuvamile, amakamelo mancane kunamahhotela. Ayikho futhi indawo yokugezela nekhishi ehlukile.

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi i-Varanasi yindawo ethandwa kakhulu futhi amakamelo amahhotela kufanele abhukwe izinyanga ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokufika.

Ungathola kanjani kusuka eDelhi

IDelhi neVaranasi bahlukaniswe ngamakhilomitha angama-820, anganqotshwa ngalezi zindlela zokuhamba ezilandelayo.

Izindiza

Lokhu kuyindlela enethezekile kakhulu, futhi izivakashi eziningi ziyelulekwa ukuthi zikhethe, ngoba ekushiseni kwamaNdiya, akuwona wonke umuntu angahamba amahora ayi-10-11 ebhasini noma esitimeleni esijwayelekile.

Udinga ukuthatha isitimela esingaphansi komhlaba uye esiteshini se-Indira Gandhi International Airport. Okulandelayo thatha indiza bese uya eVaranasi. Isikhathi sokuhamba kuzoba yihora eli-1 imizuzu engama-20. Intengo emaphakathi yamathikithi angama-28-32 euros (kuya ngesizini nesikhathi sendiza).

Izindiza eziningi zihamba ngale ndlela ngasikhathi sinye: IndiGo, SpiceJet, Air India neVistara. Amanani abo amathikithi acishe afane, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuya kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni azo zonke izindiza.

Isitimela

Thatha isitimela 12562 eNew Delhi Station bese wehla eVaranasi Jn stop. Isikhathi sokuhamba sizoba amahora ayi-12, kanti izindleko zingama-euro ayisi-5-6 kuphela. Izitimela zigijima ama-2-3 ngosuku.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunzima ukuthenga ithikithi lesitimela, ngoba bathengwa yizakhamizi zakule ndawo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela ebhokisini lehhovisi. Awukwazi ukuthenga online. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukwazi ukuthi izitimela zivame ukufika sekwedlule isikhathi kakhulu noma azifiki nhlobo, ngakho-ke lena akuyona indlela yezokuvakasha ethembeke kakhulu yezivakashi.

Ibhasi

Udinga ukugibela esiteshini samabhasi saseNew Delhi bese ufika esiteshini saseLucknow (othwala - iRedBus). Lapho uzoshintshela ebhasini uye e-Varanasi bese wehla esitobhini se-Varanasi (esiqhutshwa yi-UPSRTC). Isikhathi sokuhamba - amahora ayi-10 + namahora ayi-7. Izindleko zingama-euro angama-20 ngamathikithi amabili. Amabhasi agijima izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku.

Ungabhuka ithikithi bese ulandela izinguquko zesheduli kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani yeRedBus: www.redbus.in

Yonke intengo ekhasini ingekaNovemba 2019.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Amaqiniso Athandekayo

AmaHindu akholelwa ukuthi uma efa e-Varanasi angcwele, azofinyelela esimweni semoksha - amandla aphakeme azobakhulula ekuhluphekeni futhi abakhulule emjikelezweni ongapheli wokuphila nokufa.
Uma ufuna ukuthatha izithombe ezinhle zedolobha laseVaranasi, iya embundwini ngo-5-6 ekuseni - ngalesi sikhathi sosuku, intuthu yomlilo ayikabi namandla kangako, futhi umusi omncane okhanyayo ngemuva kwelanga eliphumayo ubukeka umuhle ngendlela emangalisayo.
I-Varanasi yaziwa njengendawo yokuzalwa ye- "Benares silk" - ingenye yezindwangu ezibiza kakhulu ezitholakala eNdiya kuphela. Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-saree angabiza amakhulu wamadola.

I-Varanasi inesimo sezulu esishisayo futhi siyashisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Izinyanga ezifanele kakhulu ukuvakashela leli dolobha ngoDisemba-Februwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa alikhuphuki ngaphezu kuka-21-22 ° C.
Akuwona amaNdiya kuphela eza eVaranasi ukuzofa - abaseMelika nabaseYurophu izivakashi ezivamile.
I-Varanasi yindawo yokuzalwa kaPatanjali, indoda eyathuthukisa uhlelo lolimi lwaseNdiya kanye ne-Ayurveda.