UTaj Mahal eNdiya - ingoma yothando iqandisiwe ngemabula

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I-Taj Mahal (India) - uphawu lwendawo oludume kakhulu ezweni, elise-Agra, osebeni loMfula iJamna. ITaj Mahal iyinhlangano yobuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa, equkethe isigodlo-mausoleum, isonto lamaSulumane, isango elikhulu, indlu yezivakashi nepaki yezwe enesistimu yokunisela. Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe yi-padishah Shah Jahan njengesipho sokugcina kumkakhe othandekayo uMumtaz Mahal.

Kuyathakazelisa! UTaj Mahal angabonakala kumafilimu amaningi, ngokwesibonelo: "Life After People", "Armageddon", "Slumdog Millionaire", "Ngize Ngidlale Ebhokisini."

Lo mbhalo usitshela kafushane ngomlando wokusungulwa kweTaj Mahal, kunolwazi oluningi oluwusizo kubantu abazovakashela lesi sigameko saseNdiya. Iqukethe nezithombe ezimibalabala zeTaj Mahal, ezithathwe ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

Umlando omncane

Kungaphikiswa ukuthi, ngezinga elithile, umlando wokusungulwa kweTaj Mahal usukela emuva ku-1612. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho i-padishah yoMbuso kaMughal u-Shah Jahan yathatha u-Arjumand Bano Begum njengomkakhe. Emlandweni, lona wesifazane waziwa kangcono njengoMumtaz Mahal, okusho ukuthi "Ukuhlobisa Isigodlo". U-Shah Jahan wayemthanda kakhulu umkakhe, wayemethemba futhi exoxisana naye kukho konke. UMumtaz Mahal uhambisane nombusi emikhankasweni yamasosha, waya kuyo yonke imicimbi esezingeni lombuso, futhi uma engakwazi ukuya kunoma yimuphi umcimbi, lokho kumane kumiswe.

Indaba yothando nempilo yomndeni ejabulisayo yombhangqwana ohloniphekile yathatha iminyaka engu-18. Ngalesi sikhathi, uMumtaz Mahal wanikeza umyeni wakhe izingane eziyi-13, kepha akazange asinde ekuzalweni kwengane ye-14.

Ngemuva kokushona komkakhe, u-Shah Jahan wachitha unyaka wonke esezithendeni, waguga futhi wadla ubhedu ngalesi sikhathi. Ukuze ukhokhe intela yokugcina ngothando lukaMumtaz Mahal, i-padishah yanquma ukwakha isigodlo-mausoleum, esasizolingana eMhlabeni.

Iqiniso elivela emlandweni! Bangaphezu kuka-22,000 izingcweti ezivela eMughal Empire, ePersia, e-Asia Ephakathi kanye naseMpumalanga Ephakathi ababambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwale nxanxathela.

Njengoba kwaziwa kusukela emlandweni, iTaj Mahal yaqala ukwakhiwa ngasekupheleni kuka-1631. Ngalokhu, kukhethwe indawo engamahektha ayi-1.2, etholakala ngaphandle kwe-Agra, eduze noMfula iJamna. Isiza simbiwe ngokuphelele, ukunciphisa ukungena, inhlabathi yashintshwa, futhi isiza saphakanyiswa ngamamitha angama-50 ukuphakama kunogu lomfula.

Kuyathakazelisa! Imvamisa, kwakusetshenziswa amafula oqalo ekwakheni eNdiya, bese kufakwa izigaxa zezitini ezungeze ithuna. Njengoba zazinkulu kakhulu futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, abaphathi ababengamele lo msebenzi babekhathazekile ngokuthi kuzodingeka bahlukaniswe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kepha u-Shah Jahan wayala ukuthi amemezele ukuthi noma ngubani angathatha noma yiziphi izitini - ngenxa yalokho, ngobusuku obubodwa, sonke isakhiwo esisizayo sadilizwa.

Njengoba ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngezigaba, kunemibono eyehlukene mayelana nokuthi yini ethathwa njengokuphothulwa kokwakhiwa kweTaj Mahal. Ipulatifomu kanye ne-mausoleum emaphakathi (kufaka phakathi umsebenzi ongaphakathi kwesakhiwo) kwaqedwa ngo-1943, futhi umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwazo zonke ezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi uthathe eminye iminyaka eyi-10.

Iqiniso lomlando! Izinto zokwakha nokuqedela zilethwe zivela cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba: imabula emhlophe - evela emazweni aseRajasthan, ijaspi - kusuka ePunjab, jade - kusuka eChina, i-carnelian - kusuka e-Arabia, i-chrysolite - kusuka ogwini lweNayile, amasafire - kusuka eCeylon, carnelian - kusuka eBaghdad, irubi - kusuka embusweni weSiam, oluluhlaza oluvela eTibet.

U-Shah Jahan washiya inzalo eningi yezakhiwo, kepha kwakuyi-Taj Mahal eyasala emlandweni njengesikhumbuzo esingenakuqhathaniswa esasiqeda unomphela amagama e-padishah nomngane wakhe othembekile.

Ngo-1666, u-Shah Jahan washona wangcwatshwa ngaphakathi kweTaj Mahal, eceleni kweMumtaz Mahal.

Kepha umlando weTaj Mahal eNdiya awuphelanga ngokufa komdali wayo.

Isikhathi samanje

Kusanda kuvezwa imifantu ezindongeni zeTaj Mahal. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi imfundo yabo ihlobene ngqo nokoma komfula iJamna, ogeleza eduze. Ukomiswa kwesiteshi somfula kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kuyashintsha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isakhiwo siyancipha.

Ngenxa yomoya ongcolile kule ndawo yaseNdiya, iTaj Mahal ilahlekelwa ubumhlophe bayo - lokhu kuyabonakala nasithombeni. Futhi ukunwetshwa kwendawo eluhlaza ezungeze okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuvalwa kwezimboni ezimbalwa ezingcolile ze-Agra akusizi: isakhiwo siphenduka siphuzi. Ukuze ngandlela thile kugcinwe ubumhlophe obudumile bezindonga zemabula, bahlanzwa njalo ngobumba olumhlophe.

Kepha naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, i-Taj Mahal (Agra, India) ebabazekayo iheha ngokungapheleli kwayo kwezakhiwo kanye nomlando wothando lweqiniso.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Minyaka yonke lokhu kuheha kuvakashelwa izivakashi eziyizi-3 000 000 kuya kwezi-5 000 000, zazo ezingaphezu kuka-200,000 ngabokufika.

Ukwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi

Ukwakhiwa kweTaj Mahal kuhlangana ngokuvumelanayo izakhi zezitayela eziningana: amaNdiya, amaPheresiya, ama-Arabhu. Incazelo emfushane nezithombe ezimibalabala kuzokusiza uqonde ubuhle beTaj Mahal.

ITaj Mahal iqoqo eliqukethe isango eliphakathi, ingadi, imosque, inkundla yezivakashi kanye nesigodlo-mausoleum, ngaphakathi okungamathuna kaMumtaz Mahal no-Shah Jahan. Insimu ebiyelwe izinhlangothi ezi-3, lapho inxanxathela ifakwe khona, inesimo esingunxande (ubukhulu bamamitha ayi-600 no-300). Isango elikhulu, elenziwe ngamatshe abomvu, lifana nesigodlo esincane esinemibhoshongo eseceleni. Le mibhoshongo ithweswe umqhele ngezindlu, kanti izindlu ezincane ezimise okwesambulela zitholakala ngaphezu komnyango emigqeni emi-2 yezingcezu eziyi-11. Esangweni lokungena kunemishwana evela eKoran ephela ngamagama athi "Enter My Paradise!" - Shah Jahan wadala ipharadesi othandekayo wakhe.

I-Char-Bagh (izingadi ezi-4) iyingxenye esemqoka yalo mculo, ogcizelela kahle umbala nokuthungwa kwethuna. Ngasenkabeni yomgwaqo osuka esangweni uye emangcwabeni, kukhona umsele, emanzini lapho kubonakala khona lesi sakhiwo semabula esimhlophe njengeqhwa.

Ngasentshonalanga ye-mausoleum kune-mosque ebomvu yamatshe eshlabathi, empumalanga - indlu yezivakashi. Umsebenzi wayo omkhulu kwakungukugcina ukulinganisa kwayo yonke inkimbinkimbi yokwakha.

Mausoleum

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona esithombeni, iTaj Mahal imi epulatifomu lemabula, uhlangothi lwayo lwangemuva luphendukele eMfuleni iJamna. Ipulatifomu liyisikwele, ngohlangothi ngalunye lufinyelela kumamitha angama-95.4 ubude. Emakhoneni esiteji kukhona ama-minaret amahle amhlophe qhwa, aqondiswe phezulu (ukuphakama kwawo kungamamitha angu-41). Ama-minaret ancike kancane ezinhlangothini eziphambene ukusuka ethuneni - njengoba abalobi bezindaba babhala emlandweni, lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi kuzamazama umhlaba bangawi esakhiweni babhubhise konke okukuso.

ITaj Mahal, eyakhiwe ngamabhuloki emabula emhlophe njengeqhwa, iphakama ngamamitha angama-74. Isakhiwo sithweswe umqhele ngezindlu ezi-5: i-central bulbous dome (ububanzi obungama-22.5 wamamitha) ezungezwe yindlu encane engu-4.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Ngenxa yezici zemabula ebunjiwe, iTaj Mahal ishintsha umbala wayo kaningana ngosuku: ekuphumeni kwelanga kubonakala sengathi kupinki, emini ekukhanyeni kwelanga kukhanya ngobumhlophe, kusihlwa kusihlwa kukhanya ukukhanya kwe-lilac-pink, futhi enyangeni ibukeka isiliva.

Izindonga zeTaj Mahal ziqoshwe ngamaphethini we-pietra dura ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ahlanganiswe ngamatshe ayigugu. Izinhlobo ezingama-28 zamatshe zisetshenziselwe ukufaka inlay. Uma ubhekisisa imininingwane emincane, umuntu angakwazisa ubunzima bomsebenzi obekufanele wenziwe izingcweti: ngokwesibonelo, kunezinto ezincane zokuhlobisa (indawo engu-3 cm²), lapho kubekwa khona amatshe ayigugu angaphezu kwama-50. Amazwi e-Quranic aqoshwe ezindongeni ezungeze ukuvuleka kwe-arched.

Kuyathakazelisa! Imigqa enemishwana evela eKoran ifana ngendlela efanayo noma ngabe iphakeme kangakanani ukusuka phansi. Umphumela onjalo wamehlo wenziwa kanjena: uma ulayini uphakeme, ifonti isetshenziswa kakhulu futhi igebe eliphakathi kwezinhlamvu likhulu.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

Indlela i-mausoleum ebukeka ngayo ngaphakathi

Ngemuva kobukhazikhazi nomoya - futhi yile ndlela engifuna ukuchaza ngayo ukubonakala kweTaj Mahal - kusuka ngaphakathi akubonakali kumangalisa kangako. Kodwa lokhu kuphela efika kuqala.

Ngaphakathi, eduze kwezindonga zethuna, kukhona iphaseji elinamakamelo anezinhlangothi ezine ematendeni. Ihholo elikhulu litholakala ngaphansi kwedome enkulu, ebiyelwe ngaphakathi kwephaseji elizungezile.

Ngaphakathi kwe-mausoleum, ehholo elikhulu, kufakwa amathuna kaMumtaz Mahal no-Shah Jahan. Ezizungezile kukhona uthango oluhle kakhulu: ama-marble slabs anamaphethini aqoshiwe, ahlotshiswe ngegolide elixoshiwe namagugu ayigugu.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iTaj Mahal iyalingana ngaphakathi nangaphandle. I-cenotaph kuphela ye-Shah Jahan, esungulwe kamuva kakhulu kune-cenotaph kaMumtuz-Mazal, ephula lo mqondo. Ithuna likaMumtuz-Mazal, elalifakwe ngaphakathi kwethuna ngokushesha lapho lidalwa, limi maphakathi naso, ngaphansi kwedome emaphakathi.

Ukungcwatshwa kwangempela kukaMumtaz Mahal no-Shah Jahan kutholakala ngaphakathi kwe-crypt, ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwamathuna.

Umnyuziyamu waseTaj

Ngaphakathi komhlangano wesikhumbuzo, engxenyeni esentshonalanga yepaki, kunomnyuziyamu omncane kodwa othakazelisa impela. Isebenza kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuye ku-17: 00, ukungena mahhala.

Phakathi kwemibukiso eyethulwe ngaphakathi emnyuziyamu:

imidwebo yezakhiwo zesigodlo-mausoleum;
zemali ezenziwe ngesiliva ngegolide, ezazisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sika-Shah Jahan;
okwangempela kwama-miniature anezithombe zika-Shah Jahan noMumtaz Mahal;
izitsha ze-celadon (kunendaba ethokozisayo yokuthi la macwecwe azondiza ahlukane noma aguqule umbala uma kutholakala ukudla okunobuthi kuzo).

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Imininingwane ewusizo

Ikheli lokuheha: Dharmaperi, Forest Colony, Tejginj, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 282001, India.
Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yalesi sikhumbuzo esingumlando http://www.tajmahal.gov.in.
ITaj Mahal ivula imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga futhi iyeke ukwamukela izivakashi imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Lolu hlelo lusebenza kunoma yiluphi usuku lwesonto ngaphandle kukaLwesihlanu. NgoLwesihlanu, kuphela labo abafuna ukuya enkonzweni esontweni lamaSulumane abavunyelwe ukungena kuleso sakhiwo.

Amathikithi: kuphi ukuthenga nentengo

Kubavakashi abeza eNdiya bevela kwamanye amazwe, ithikithi lokungena endaweni ekhangayo libiza ama-rupees ayi-1100 (cishe ama- $ 15.5).
Ukuze ubone ithuna ngaphakathi, udinga ukukhokha amanye ama-rupee angama-200 (cishe u- $ 2.8)
Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 zingabuka mahhala yonke insimu nengaphakathi lesigodlo-mausoleum mahhala.

Ungathenga amathikithi emahhovisi amathikithi, atholakala emasangweni aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Amahhovisi amathikithi avulwa ngehora eli-1 ngaphambi kokusa futhi avale imizuzu engama-45 ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Kunamafasitela ahlukene abantu bokufika kanye nezakhamizi zaseNdiya emadeskini wemali.

Kungenzeka ukuthenga amathikithi nge-Intanethi. Iwebhusayithi eyodwa kuphela enikezela ngezinsizakalo zokuthengisa - iwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezamasiko waseNdiya: https://asi.payumoney.com. Ukubhuka kwamathikithi e-E kule ngosi kuyatholakala kuzo zombili izakhamizi zaseNdiya kanye nezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bakwamanye amazwe bathola isephulelo sama-rupees angama-50 (cishe u- $ 0.7).

Ibhodlela lamanzi nezembozo zezicathulo lifakiwe entengweni yamathikithi - anikezwa bonke abavakashi emnyango. Izembozo zezicathulo ezenziwe ngendwangu ethambile ethambile kufanele zigqokwe ngaphezu kwezicathulo.

Amanani nohlelo ekhasini lingeloSepthemba 2019.

Amathiphu awusizo

Wonke amahhovisi amathikithi anamafasitela ahlukene ezakhamizi zaseNdiya kanye nabavakashi bakwamanye amazwe (imvamisa mancane lapha) - udinga nje ukubheka izimpawu. Endleleni eya emahhovisi amathikithi, abathengisi bendawo bavamise ukukhathaza abokufika, banikeze amathikithi ngamanani anyuke kakhulu (ama-2-3 abiza kakhulu). Inketho elula kakhulu yokonga isikhathi nezinzwa ukwenza ukubhuka kuwebhusayithi yoMnyango Wezamasiko waseNdiya.

Iziphathimandla zendawo e-Agra zenza konke okusemandleni ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula nokuvikela izikhumbuzo zomlando ezenzweni zokucekelwa phansi kwempahla. Ngale njongo, emnyango walesi sakhiwo, kunezindawo ezikhethekile zokuhlola izivakashi. Ngaphakathi kwenkimbinkimbi ungaba nebhodlela lamanzi kuphela, ikhamera engenayo i-tripod, imali, imibhalo kanye nebalazwe lomhlahlandlela wabavakashi be-Agra. Konke okunye kudinga ukuhanjiswa egumbini lokugcina impahla. Ngakho-ke, akufanele uhambe nezikhwama ezinkulu: lokhu kuzokwandisa kuphela isikhathi sokuhlola ukuphepha, futhi kusazodingeka ume kulayini wokugcina amagumbi.
Izindawo zokuhlola zabokufika nezabantu baseNdiya zihlukile - udinga ukubhekisisa kahle ukuthi yimuphi umugqa ozokuma kuwo. Ukuhlolwa kwabesifazane nabesilisa kwenziwa futhi ngokwehlukana, ngokulandelana, nolayini buhlukile.
Kukhona indawo yokungena yamahhala ye-Wi-Fi ebangeni elingamamitha angama-50 ukusuka endaweni yokuhlola yokuphepha.
ITaj Mahal (India) yinhle ngokukhethekile ekuntweleni kokusa, ngakho-ke isikhathi esivela ku-5: 30 sithathwa njengesingcono kakhulu ukuvakashelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi kunabantu abambalwa kakhulu lapha, futhi ungabona ngokuthula konke okungaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

Awukwazi ukuthatha isithombe ngaphakathi kweTaj Mahal, kepha akekho ovimbela lokhu endaweni eseduze. Kudutshulwa okuthakazelisayo ekuseni, lapho isigodlo simbozwe ngomsindo wasekuseni futhi sibonakala sintanta emoyeni. Futhi yeka ukuthi muhle futhi awunalwazi kangakanani isibhamu lapho izivakashi zibambe isigodlo ngaphezulu kwedome!
Isikhathi esifanele sonyaka sokuvakashela iTaj Mahal siyisiqinisekiso semibono nemizwa emihle kakhulu. Isikhathi esikahle sokuhambela i-Agra ngoFebhuwari nangoMashi. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi, ukushisa okuminyanisa umzimba kuhlala lapha, izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-45 ° C. Isikhathi semvula siqala ngoJulayi, futhi siphela ngoSepthemba kuphela. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuze kube cishe ngoFebhuwari, kunenkungu esindayo edolobheni, ngenxa yokuthi iTaj Mahal ayibonakali kangako.