IKolkata - idolobha laseNdiya elinempikiswano enkulu

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Idolobha laseKolkata yidolobha elihle kakhulu nelimpofu kunazo zonke eNdiya. Ngaphandle komlando wayo wamakhulu eminyaka, ikwazile ukugcina ubunikazi bayo kanye nenani elikhulu lezinto ezihehayo eziheha abahambi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Ulwazi oluvamile

IKolkata (kusukela ngo-2001 - iKolkata) iyinhloko-dolobha yaseWest Bengal, izwe elikhulu laseNdiya elisengxenyeni esempumalanga yezwe. Kufakwe emadolobheni amakhulu ayi-10 emhlabeni, kuyindawo yesibili emadolobheni amakhulu eNdiya. Iningi labantu, elinabantu abangafika ezigidini ezi-5, ngamaBangalis. Ulimi lwabo oluthathwa njengolutholakala kakhulu lapha.

Kumvakashi oba kuleli dolobha okokuqala ngqa, iKolkata idala ukuvela okuxubile kakhulu. Ubumpofu kanye nengcebo kuyahambisana, ukwakhiwa okuhle kwenkathi yamakoloni kuqhathanisa kakhulu nemijondolo engabukeki, nezicukuthwane ezigqoke kahle eBangali nabathengisi nomgundi abahlala emgwaqweni.

Noma kunjalo, iKolkata iyinhliziyo yamasiko eNdiya yanamuhla. Nayi inkundla yegalofu enhle kunazo zonke ezweni, amanyuvesi angaphezu kwayishumi, amakolishi angenakubalwa, izikole nezikhungo, amakilabhu amaningi amadala amadala, i-hippodrome enkulu, iminyuziyamu eminingi nemipheme, kanye namahhovisi ezinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe omhlaba nokunye okuningi. Izindawo eziyinhloko zedolobha zihlukaniswa yingqalasizinda ehlelwe kahle nezixhumanisi ezinhle kakhulu zezokuthutha ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha nangaphezulu.

Futhi iKolkata ukuphela kwendawo eNdiya lapho o-ricks besavunyelwe khona. Hhayi isithuthuthu noma ibhayisikili, kodwa okuvame kakhulu - lezo ezigijima phansi bese zidonsa inqola nabantu ngemuva kwazo. Naphezu komsebenzi we-hellish kanye neholo elincane, bayaqhubeka nokuthwala izivakashi eziningi eza kuleli dolobha elingajwayelekile nelinezici eziningi.

Inkomba yomlando

Umlando waseKolkata waqala ngo-1686, lapho usomabhizinisi waseNgilandi uJob Charnock efika edolobhaneni elithule laseKalikatu, elalisendaweni yaseGanges kusukela kudala. Ukuthatha isinqumo sokuthi le ndawo izolungela ikoloni elisha laseBrithani, wabeka lapha ikhophi elincane laseLondon elinezindawo ezibanzi, amasonto amaKhatholika nezingadi ezinhle, ezicindezelwe ngezimo eziqinile zejometri. Nokho, inganekwane enhle yaphela ngokushesha emaphethelweni edolobha elisanda kwenziwa, lapho amaNdiya akhonza amaBrithani ayehlala emijondolo egcwele abantu.

Igalelo lokuqala eCalcutta lashaywa ngo-1756, ngenkathi linqotshwa yiNawab yaseMurshidabad engomakhelwane. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva komzabalazo omude osabekayo, idolobha alibuyiswanga kuphela kwabaseBrithani, kepha futhi laphenduka inhlokodolobha esemthethweni yeBritish India. Eminyakeni eyalandela, isiphetho seCalcutta savela ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene - sangena emzuliswaneni omusha wentuthuko yaso, kwase kuba nokungezwani okuphelele nencithakalo. Leli dolobha alisindiswanga yimpi yombango yenkululeko kanye nokuhlanganiswa kweNtshonalanga neMpumalanga Bengal. Kuyiqiniso, ngemuva kwale micimbi, abaseBrithani basusa inhlokodolobha yamakoloni ngokushesha eDelhi, bephuca iCalcutta amandla ezepolitiki futhi yaphazamisa kakhulu umnotho wayo. Kodwa-ke, nangaleso sikhathi idolobha likwazile ukuphuma enkingeni yezimali futhi lathola isikhundla salo sangaphambili.

Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000, iCalcutta ayitholanga nje kuphela igama elihlukile - iKolkata, kodwa futhi nokuphathwa okusha okunesimo sokusebenzelana kwebhizinisi. Mayelana nalokhu, amahhotela amaningi, izindawo zokuthenga, ezamabhizinisi nezokungcebeleka, izikhungo zokupheka, izindawo zokuhlala eziphakeme kanye nezinye izinto zengqalasizinda zaqala ukubonakala emigwaqweni yayo.

Esikhathini sethu, iKolkata, ehlala abamele izizwe ezahlukahlukene, iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngenkuthalo, izama ukuqeda umbono wobuphofu nokuchithwa okuphelele phakathi kwabantu baseYurophu.

Izinto

IKolkata idume hhayi ngomlando wayo wamakhulu eminyaka nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nangokuheha kwayo okuhlukahlukene, phakathi kwalowo nalowo kini angazitholela okuthile okuthokozisayo.

IVictoria Memorial

Enye yezinto ezikhangayo eKolkata eNdiya yisigodlo esikhulu semabula esakhiwe engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. ukukhumbula iNdlovukazi yaseBrithani uVictoria. Izazi-mlando zithi itshe lokuqala lalesi sakhiwo, elenziwe ngesitayela se-Renaissance yase-Italy, labekwa yiNkosana yase Wales uqobo. Uphahla lwesakhiwo luhlotshiswe ngama-turrets okuhlobisa, futhi i-dome ithweswe umqhele ngeNgelosi Yokunqoba, eyenziwe ngethusi elimsulwa. Isikhumbuzo uqobo sizungezwe ingadi enhle, lapho kubekwa khona izindlela eziningi zokuhamba.

Namuhla, iVictoria Memorial Hall inemnyuziyamu enikezelwe emlandweni wezwe ngesikhathi kunqotshwa abaseBrithani, indawo yezobuciko nemibukiso eminingana yesikhashana. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lapha ungathola ihholo eliqukethe izincwadi ezingandile zabalobi bomhlaba abadumile. Izikhumbuzo ezifakwe esigodlweni azinanzuzo kangako. Omunye wabo unikezelwe kuVictoria uqobo, owesibili kuLord Curzon, owayenguViceroy waseNdiya.

Amahora okuvula: Tue-Sun kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-17: 00.
Amathikithi abiza: $ 2.
Indawo: 1 Queen's Way, Kolkata.

Indlu kaMama Teresa

I-Mother House, eyingxenye yeSisters of Love Missionary Foundation eyasungulwa nguTeresa waseCalcutta ngo-1948, iyisakhiwo esinesizotha esinezitezi ezimbili esingaqashelwa kuphela ngoqwembe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olunombhalo ofanayo. Phansi kwendlu kunendlu encane yesonto, maphakathi nayo kukhona itshe lethuna elenziwe ngamatshe amhlophe njengeqhwa. Ngaphansi kwayo kugcinwa izinsalela zosanta, owenza umnikelo omkhulu empilweni yabantu abampofu baseNdiya. Uma ubhekisisa, ungabona igama elibhalwe etsheni, iminyaka yokuphila kanye nezitatimende ezigqame kakhulu zendela elidumile emhlabeni ngezimbali ezintsha ezilethwa njalo izakhamuzi ezibongayo lapha.

Isitezi sesibili salesi sakhiwo sihlala emnyuziyamu omncane, phakathi kwemibukiso okukhona nezinto zangasese zikaMama Teresa - ipuleti loqweqwe lwawo, izimbadada ezigugile nezinye izinto eziningana ezifuna ukwazi kakhulu.

Amahora okuvula: Mon-Sat. kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-21: 00.
Indawo: Umama House A J C Bose Road, Kolkata, 700016.

Ithempeli likaNkulunkulukazi uKali

Ithempeli elihle ngokubabazekayo, elisogwini loMfula iHooghly emaphethelweni eCalcutta, lasungulwa ngo-1855 ngemali evela kumnikeli odumile waseNdiya uRani Rashmoni. Indawo yokwakhiwa kwayo ayikhethwanga ngengozi - kwakulapha, ngokusho kwezinganekwane zasendulo, ukuthi umunwe kankulunkulukazi uKali wawa ngemuva kukaShiva, ngenkathi enza umdanso wakhe wokuhlanya, wamnquma waba yizicucu ezingama-52.

Ithempeli elikhanyayo neliphuzi nelibomvu kanye nesango eliya kulo lenziwa ngamasiko amahle kakhulu ezakhiwo zamaHindu. Ukunakwa okukhulu kwabavakashi kudonswa yimibhoshongo ye-nakhabat, lapho kuzwakala khona imiculo ehlukahlukene phakathi nenkonzo ngayinye, ihholo lomculo elikhulu elinethala elisekelwa amakholomu emabula, igalari embozwe ngamathempeli ayi-12 eShiva kanye negumbi likaRamakrishna, isikhulu esidumile saseNdiya, imfihlakalo nomshumayeli. Ithempeli laseDakshineswar Kali uqobo lizungezwe izingadi eziluhlaza namachibi amancane, okwakha isithombe esihle ngempela.

Amahora wokuvula: nsuku zonke kusuka ku-05: 00 kuye ku-13: 00 futhi kusuka ku-16: 00 kuye ku-20: 00
Ukungena kukhululekile.
Indawo: Eduzane neBali Bridge | P.O.: Alambazar, Kolkata, 700035.

Ipaki Street

Uma ubheka izithombe zeCalcutta (India), umuntu ngeke ahluleke ukubona omunye wemigwaqo emaphakathi nedolobha, owasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 esizeni sendawo eyayiyipaki yenyamazane. Iningi lezithabathaba zikanokusho zezakhamuzi ezicebe kakhulu zedolobha lisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Ngaphandle kwabo, iPark Street iyikhaya lamakhefi amaningi, amahhotela amaningi asemfashinini kanye nezimpawu ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokwakha - iSt. Xavier's College kanye nesakhiwo esidala se-Asia Society, esakhiwe ngo-1784.

Ngesinye isikhathi, iPark Street yayiyisikhungo sempilo yomculo kaKolkata - yanikeza abaculi abaningi abadumile, ngaleso sikhathi ababengabasakhulayo kuphela. Futhi kukhona namathuna amadala aseBrithani, amatshe akhe amathuna angobuciko bokwakha bangempela. Qiniseka ukuthi udlula lapho uhamba - kukhona ngempela ongakubona lapha.

Indawo: Umama Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016.

Ipaki ye-Eco

I-Eco Park, ebhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezikhangayo zemvelo zaseKolkata, itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yedolobha. Insimu yalo, ethatha cishe amahektha angama-200, ihlukaniswe yaba yizindawo eziningana ezihlelekile. Maphakathi nenkimbinkimbi kukhona ichibi elikhulu elinesiqhingi, lapho kunezindawo zokudlela eziningana ezihloniphekile nezindlu zezivakashi ezinethezekile. Ungahlela usuku lonke ukuvakashela i-Eco Tourism Park, ngoba ukuzijabulisa okuningi, okwenzelwe hhayi izingane kuphela, kepha nabantu abadala, nakanjani ngeke kukuvumele ube nesithukuthezi. Ngaphezu kokuhamba kwendabuko nokuhamba ngebhayisikili, izivakashi zingakujabulela ukupenda ibhola, umcibisholo, ukugibela izikebhe, nokuningi.

Amahora wokuvula:

Lulwesibili-Sat: kusuka ku-14: 00 kuya ku-20: 00;
Ilanga: kusuka ngo-12: 00 kuya ku-20: 00.

Indawo: Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kolkata, 700156.

IHowrah Bridge

IHowrah Bridge, ebizwa nangokuthi yiRabindra Setu, itholakala eduzane naseMahatma Gandhi Metro Station eBara Bazar. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele (ubude - 705 m, ukuphakama - 97 m, ububanzi - 25 m), ingene kuzakhiwo ze-cantilever ezinkulu kakhulu eziyi-6 emhlabeni. Lakhiwe phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ukusiza amabutho ahlangene aseBrithani, iHowrah Bridge kwaba isakhiwo sokuqala esinjalo ukwakhiwa ngezinsimbi eziqinile zensimbi esikhundleni samabhawodi namantongomane.

Njengamanje, iBhuloho laseHowrah, eliwela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezimoto nsuku zonke, liyisibonakaliso esikhulu hhayi i-Kolkata uqobo kuphela, kodwa neNtshonalanga Bengal yonke. Kuthakazelisa kakhulu ukushona kwelanga, lapho induduzo enkulu yensimbi icwebezela lapho kushona ilanga futhi ibonakala emanzini azolile oMfula iHooghly. Ukuze ube nombono ongcono wendawo ephawuleka kakhulu yedolobha, hamba uye ekugcineni kweMullik Ghat Flower Market. Ngendlela, akuvunyelwe ukuthatha izithombe zebhuloho, kepha muva nje ukuhambisana nalo mthetho kulawulwe kabi, ngakho-ke ungabeka engcupheni.

Indawo: Jagganath Ghat | 1, iStrand Road, Kolkata, 700001.

Ithempeli laseBirla

Uhambo lokubuka indawo lwaseKolkata luphela ngeThempeli lamaHindu laseLakshmi-Narayana elisengxenyeni eseningizimu yedolobha. Yakhiwe maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. exhaswe ngumndeni wakwaBirla, isibe ngenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu zesikhathi sethu. Ngempela, isakhiwo esinezitezi eziningi, esenziwe ngemabula emhlophe njengeqhwa, sihlotshiswe ngamaphethini acwebezelayo ezimbali, amapaneli aqoshiwe, amabhalkhoni amancane namakholomu amahle, siyakwazi ukuheha ngisho nomhambi onolwazi. Esinye isici seThempeli laseBirla ukungabikho kwezinsimbi - umakhi wezakhiwo wayecabanga ukuthi i-chime yabo ingaphazamisa umoya ozolile nonokuthula wethempeli.

Iminyango yethempeli ivulekele wonke umuntu. Kepha emnyango kuzodingeka ungashiyi izicathulo zakho kuphela, kodwa futhi nefoni yakho ephathekayo, ikhamera, ividiyo yekhamera kanye neminye imishini.

Amahora wokuvula: nsuku zonke kusuka ku-05: 30 kuya ku-11: 00 nokusuka ku-04: 30 kuye ku-21: 00.
Ukungena kwamahhala.
Indawo: Ashutosh Chowdhury Road | 29 Ashutosh Choudhury Avenue, Kolkata, 700019.

Ezezindlu

Njengomunye wemizi emikhulu yabavakashi eNdiya, iKolkata inikela ngenani elikhulu lezindawo zokuhlala. Lapha ungathola amahhotela okunethezeka ama-5 *, amafulethi anethezekile nesabelomali, kodwa amahostela ahloniphekile impela.

Izintengo zezindlu eKolkata zisezingeni elilinganayo nakwezinye izindawo zokungcebeleka eNdiya. Ngasikhathi sinye, igebe phakathi kwezinketho ezahlukahlukene zokubekwa cishe alibonakali. Uma izindleko eziphansi zegumbi eliphindwe kabili ehhotela elingu-3 * lingu- $ 13 ngosuku, khona-ke ehhotela elingu-4 * kungu- $ 1 kuphela ngaphezulu. Indlu yezivakashi izobiza - intela yayo iqala ku- $ 8.

Idolobha ngokwalo lingahlukaniswa ngemibandela ngezifunda ezi-3 - enyakatho, maphakathi, naseningizimu. Indawo yokuhlala ngayinye yazo inezici zayo ezihlukile.

Indawo	buhle	Ubuncane
Enyakatho	Eduze nesikhumulo sezindiza; Kunezindawo eziningi eziluhlaza.	Kude nokuheha okukhulu kwedolobha; Ukutholakala kwezokuthutha okungalungile - akukho metro, futhi ukuhamba ngamabhasi namatekisi kuzobiza kakhulu (ngamazinga endawo).
Isikhungo	Inqwaba yezindawo ezikhangayo zomlando nezokwakha; Ukuba khona kwezikhungo ezinkulu zokuthenga; Kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lwezokuthutha; Kunezindawo zokuhlala eziningi ezahlukahlukene kukho konke ukunambitheka nesabelomali.	Unomsindo kakhulu; Izinketho zokuhlala ezingabizi kakhulu ziyadilizwa ngokushesha, kanti ezinye azitholakali kuwo wonke umuntu.
ENingizimu	Ukutholakala kwezikhungo zokuthenga nezokuzijabulisa; Kunamachibi, amapaki, izindawo zemibukiso yesimanje; Ukutholakala okuhle kwezokuthutha; Amanani ezindlu aphansi kakhulu kunezinye izindawo ezimbili.	Le ngxenye yedolobha ithathwa njengeyintsha sha, ngakho lapha ngeke uthole izikhumbuzo zomlando noma ukwakhiwa kwekhulu le-19.

Ukudla okunomsoco

Ukufika eKolkata (India), nakanjani ngeke ulambe. Kunezindawo zokudlela ezingaphezu kwenele, amathilomu, izindawo zokudla kanye nabanye "abamele" bokudla lapha, futhi imigwaqo yedolobha igcwele ngokoqobo ngamakilikhi amancane lapho unganambitha khona izitsha zendabuko zaseNdiya. Phakathi kwazo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, i-khichuri, i-ray, i-gugni, i-pulao, i-biriyani, i-charchari, i-papadams futhi Konke lokhu kuhlanjululwa ngetiye elimnandi ngobisi, elingathelwa ezinkomishini zepulasitiki ezijwayelekile, kodwa ezinkomishini ezincane zobumba.

Isici esivelele sokudla kwasendaweni inhlanganisela yama-flavour amnandi namnandi. Ukudla kuphekwa emafutheni (u-oyela lwesinaphi wezinhlanzi nezimfanzi, i-ghee yelayisi nemifino) ngokungezwa kukakhari nengxube ekhethekile efaka izinongo ezi-5 ezihlukene. Izindawo zokudlela eziningi zinezitsha ezahlukahlukene ze-dal (legume) kumamenyu abo. Isobho lenziwa ngalo, kufakwa amakhekhe acabalele, isitshulu esinenyama, inhlanzi noma imifino kuyalungiswa.

Iningi lezikhungo ezihloniphekile zitholakala endaweni yaseChowringa Road nasePark Street. Lesi sakamuva siyikhaya lenqwaba yezikhungo ezizimele nezikahulumeni, ngakho-ke ngezikhathi zesidlo sasemini iphenduka ikhishi elikhulu elinganelisa izifiso zabasebenzi abaningi basehhovisi. Ngokuqondene namanani:

isidlo sasemini noma isidlo sakusihlwa kwababili ekudleni okungabizi kakhulu kuzobiza u- $ 6,
ekhefi eliphakathi nendawo - $ 10-13,
isidlo eMcDonalds - $ 4-5.

Uma uzopheka wedwa, bheka ama-bazaar asendaweni nezitolo ezinkulu ezinkulu zamaketanga (njengeSpencer's) - kune-assortment enkulu lapho, futhi amanani entengo ayabiza impela.

Yonke intengo enalesi sihloko ingekaSepthemba 2019.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu lapho kungcono ukuza

IKolkata eNdiya inesimo sezulu esishisayo esincane. Ihlobo liyashisa futhi linomswakama lapha - izinga lokushisa lomoya ngalesi sikhathi lisuka ku + 35 liye + 40 ° С, kanti imvula enkulu iba ngo-Agasti. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimvula zinamandla kangangokuba kwesinye isikhathi umgwaqo uyanyamalala ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho. Bambalwa kakhulu abavakashi kule nkathi, futhi labo abangalesabi isimo sezulu esingesihle bayelulekwa ukuthi bathathe isambulela, ijazi lemvula, amasethi amaningana ezimpahla ezoma ngokushesha nezinsipho zenjoloba (emabhuthini uzoshisa).

Ekupheleni kwekwindla, imvula iyema ngokungazelelwe, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lehlela ku- + 27 ° C. Kukulesi sikhathi lapho inkathi ephezulu yezivakashi iqala khona eKolkata, eqala maphakathi no-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Kuyiqiniso, ebusuku ebusika kupholile impela - ngokushona kwelanga, i-thermometer yehlela ku- + 15 ° С, futhi kwezinye izimo ingafinyelela ku-zero. Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, ukushisa okushisayo kubuyela eKolkata kancane kancane, kepha inani lezivakashi kulokhu alinciphi. Isizathu salokhu uNyaka Omusha waseBengali, ogujwa maphakathi no-Ephreli.

Amathiphu awusizo

Lapho uhlela ukuvakashela iKolkata eNdiya, qaphela izeluleko ezimbalwa eziwusizo:

Lapho uya eholidini entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, gcina izinto zokuxosha ezanele. Kunomiyane abaningi lapha, ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi labo lingabathwali be-malaria ne-dengue fever.
Ukubamba itekisi eliphuzi ngesikhathi sehora lokushesha kunzima kakhulu. Lapho ubhekene nenkinga efanayo, ungesabi ukucela iphoyisa ukuthi likusize.

Uhleli emotweni, ngokushesha usho ukuthi ufuna ukuya emitha. Okokugcina kufanele kusethwe ku-10.
Ngaphandle kokuthi idolobha laseKolkata lingenye yezindawo eziphephe kakhulu eNdiya, kungcono ukugcina imali nemibhalo kuseduze nomzimba.
Khumbula ukugeza izandla ngaphambi kokudla nokuphuza amanzi asemabhodleleni kuphela - lokhu kuzokusindisa ezifweni zamathumbu.
Izindlu zangasese zasemgwaqeni iKolkata azikulungele ngokuphelele abesifazane, ngakho-ke ungachithi isikhathi sakho - kungcono uye ngqo ekhefi, ebhayisikobho noma kwesinye isikhungo sikahulumeni.

Kungcono ukuthenga amasilika kasilika, ubucwebe bobuzwe, izithombe zobumba nezinye izikhumbuzo ezimakethe - lapho zishibhile kaningana.
Ukuze ugweme ukugcwala izingubo ezifudumele, zishiye egumbini lokugcina lezindiza.
Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuzungeza idolobha uwedwa noma izinto zokuhamba eziqashiwe, khumbula ukuthi ithrafikhi lapha ingakwesobunxele, futhi kweminye imigwaqo ibuye iye ngakunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni iqondiswa kolunye uhlangothi, bese iya kolunye uhlangothi.
Ngisho namahhotela anethezekile angama-4 * eKolkata kungenzeka angabi nashintsho lwelineni namathawula - lapho ubhukha igumbi kusengaphambili, ungakhohlwa ukuhlola lolu lwazi nomphathi.