Izinketho zefenisha zanamuhla, ukuthi zibukeka kanjani nokuthi zenziwa ngani

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Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukusetshenziswa kwefenisha ye-Art Nouveau yokuhlobisa ingaphakathi lamafulethi, izindlu ezizimele nezindlu zezwe sekukhule kakhulu. Leli qiniso likhuluma ngokuthandwa okukhulu kwesitayela. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ukuklanywa kuyasebenza, kuyingqayizivele, kepha kudinga izikhala ezinkulu futhi kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi ukuhlela, ngakho-ke, kufinyeleleka kalula kubantu abacebile. Ukukhetha okwanamuhla, kufanele uyilandele ngokuphelele, uqala kumhlobiso wezindonga nokutholwa kwefenisha, futhi ugcine ngemininingwane emincane kakhulu yokuhlobisa amakamelo.

Izici zesitayela

ERussia, lesi sitayela sibizwa ngesesimanje, kanti kwamanye amazwe saziwa kangcono njenge:

Art Nouveau eJalimane;
Inkululeko yase-Italy;
IMacintosh yaseScotland;
Tiffany waseMelika.

Okuvamile kuwo wonke amazwe igama elithi "Art Nouveau". Ukwakha umoya wesimanje, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele inani lezici ngazinye ukuze ingaphakathi libukeke lilihle futhi liphezulu. Ifenisha ye-Art Nouveau yile:

Inani elikhulu lezinkuni;
Ukuba khona kwamaphethini e-eco;
Ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi enamabala;
UKWAKHA;
Imigqa ye-whimsical;
Ukuntuleka kokulinganisa okucacile;
Isikimu sombala esithulisiwe.

Okwesimanje kusondele emvelweni ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kunothe ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene nokuphrinta okunezimbali nezilwane. Iminduze, amahlamvu aluhlaza, izimvemvane nojekamanzi yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuhlobisa. Ingqikithi kufanele ihambisane nomoya ojwayelekile wegumbi. Amaphethini asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amakhethini, ezintweni ezifenisha ifenisha, izinto zokuhlobisa. Ungayidluli ngemininingwane yensimbi egumbini, ama-accents ambalwa noma izesekeli zanele, ngaphandle kwalokho ingaphakathi lizobonakala lisinda futhi ligcwele ngokweqile.

I-symmetry ayiyona into yesimanje, lesi sitayela asifani nezinye. I-penchant yemvelo, lapho kungekho lutho oluhambisanayo futhi olulinganayo, ilethe imigqa enezimbali, amakhulu emibala nemibala esitayeleni, kepha yile asymmetry eyenza ingaphakathi livumelane futhi liphelele. Imigqa ebushelelezi enjalo isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamawindi, iminyango, izinsika ezisezingeni eliphansi, imidwebo ezindongeni, ekwakheni nasekuqopheni izinkuni.

I-Modernism idonsela ngasezinsizeni ezithambile ezifudumele: ubisi, isihlabathi, igolide, upinki ophaphathekile, ibhilikosi, umnqumo, mpunga oshunqayo, omhlophe, owesiliva. Imibala enjalo "enothuli" ikhona yonke indawo: izindonga, phansi, ukufakwa, izesekeli. Amathoni athambile agcizelela kahle ubushelelezi bomugqa ngamunye futhi wandise ngokubonakalayo isikhala.

Izinhlobonhlobo

Ekwakheni ifenisha yanamuhla, kunemithetho ejwayelekile - kufanele ibize, isindise, ibe ngokhuni, yize kukhona nezinsimbi. Isibonelo, amakhabethe amakhulu anezintambo ezigelezayo, angavalwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi enamashalofu amaningi avulekile. Ekamelweni ngalinye ngalinye, ngokuya ngenhloso nokusebenza, kufanelekile ukukhetha ifenisha yakho ngesitayela se-Art Nouveau.

Igumbi lokuphumula

Indawo yokuphumula, imihlangano yezivakashi nobusuku bomndeni, ngakho-ke kufanele unake amasofa athambile enziwe ngokhuni olumnyama futhi anezinto zokuhlobisa ngokuvumelana nokwakhiwa kwegumbi. Isihlalo esisodwa noma ezimbili ezivela ochungechungeni olufanayo, noma ithoni efanayo kuvame ukuqondaniswa naso. Osofa abasebenza ekhoneni babekwa maphakathi negumbi lokuphumula. Itafula elisindayo elinetafula eliphansi livame ukubekwa eduze nendawo yokuhlala. Amaslayidi, amatafula wokugqoka, izitendi ze-TV zingaba nesimo esingajwayelekile.

Ifenisha kufanele ihlangane ngokwanele, ikhululeke, futhi ifane nethoni yezindonga. Ungahlukanisa iphalethi ye-pastel ngokungeza izesekeli ezikhanyayo. Okokusebenza, ukhuni, ukufakwa kwensimbi, izakhi zengilazi zivame ukusetshenziswa.

Ikhishi

Isimanjemanje ekhishini sidinga igumbi elikhulu elibanzi. Uma imidwebo yekhishi incane, lapho-ke ungasondela kulo mkhathi wesitayela ngosizo lwemininingwane nokuhlobisa. Ukwakheka kwefenisha kutholakala maphakathi; into esemqoka itafula elikhulu emilenzeni emise okwejwayelekile. Umbala wetafula ungakhanya noma ube mnyama. Izihlalo zikhethwa ngokuthambile impela, ngamaphethini wemvelo nolayini abashelelayo. Isethi ye-monochromatic ibekwe ngasodongeni. Kufanele kuhambisane nengaphakathi lilonke.

Ifenisha yeKhabhinethi ifakiwe endaweni yokusebenza ngasodongeni, emise okwe-L noma emise okwe-U. Isitayela sigcizelelwa ngemininingwane ethile yangaphakathi - ama-monolithic facade, ama-niches afihliwe, ukukhanyisa, ama-hoods angavamile.

Ikamelo lokulala

Idizayini yokulala iyinhlanganisela yemibala eminingana, ukukhanya okuthambile nezinto zokwakha zemvelo kufenisha. Ukugqanyiswa okuyinhloko kwesitayela sanamuhla emakamelweni okulala kuyibhodi eyinhloko yokhuni. Idizayini yayo iyaphindwa ematafuleni amancane asembhedeni aphansi nasetafuleni lokugqoka. Izembatho zewadi zisetshenziswa kakhulu, zivame ukuhlotshiswa ngamawindi anengilazi enamabala, futhi zibekwa emakhoneni egumbi noma ezindongeni ezikude. Konke kufanele kube ngaphansi kwe-minimalism.

Indlu yangasese

Ukugeza kuyindawo enhle yokuphumula, ukuvuselela nokuvuselela umzimba wakho. Ukulungiselelwa kufanele kube okufanele. Ifenisha ikhethwe ochungechungeni olulodwa noma isethi. Imvamisa leli yithebula lokugqoka, ikhabethe lokugcina izimonyo nesihlalo esinemilenze emikhulu. Ifenisha enjalo kufanele ifanelane nesikimu sombala nesilinganisi sokuzilinganisela, esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi amapayipi kufanele ahlotshiswe ngezinto zensimbi noma ingilazi.

Iphaseji

Iphaseji kufanele libe libanzi. Umsebenzi omkhulu lapho kuhlelwa ifenisha ukugcina isikhala, ngakho-ke isixazululo esikahle kungaba ukufaka izembatho ezinkulu ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezinezibuko, ama-mosaic noma imihlobiso yemvelo. Ngokwengeziwe, uma kunesikhala samahhala, kubekwa i-hanger, isitulo netafula lokugqoka ephaseji.

Izinto zesici

I-Modernism iphefumulelwe yimvelo, ngakho-ke imvamisa abaklami basebenzisa:

Izinkuni;
Idwala;
Ingilazi;
Insimbi.

Izinkuni ziyinto enhle kakhulu yobuciko, ngosizo lwayo ungafaka imibono eminingi yokuklama. Izinkuni zemvelo zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha ye-Art Nouveau, iphansi le-parquet, i-arches kanye nokuvuleka kwamawindi, uphahla, ukuhlobisa izinto zokukhanyisa, futhi njengezinto ezibhekene nazo. Okuncamelayo kunikezwa izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezinkuni (i-oki, i-beech), futhi ekukhetheni umbala - izithunzi zemvelo zokugcwala okulingene noma eduze kobumnyama.

UKWAKHA akudingeki njengoba kwaklanywa njengengilazi enamabala nefenisha yokhuni, kepha kunalokho ukwengeza okumnandi. Noma kunjalo, uleyisi wensimbi uboleka ubuhle nokuyinkimbinkimbi kunoma iyiphi ingaphakathi. Ngokwesicelo sabanikazi, kwakhiwa ukwakha izitebhisi, izindawo zokubasa umlilo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamabhodi amakhulu nezindawo zokubeka izingalo. Izingxenye ezifakiwe kufanele zipendwe ngemibala emnyama, kwesinye isikhathi kube mnyama.

Amawindi engilazi anekhadi elivakashelayo le-Art Nouveau, kunzima ukukwenza ngaphandle kwezakhi zengilazi... Imvamisa amaphaneli anemibala eminingi akhanyiselwa ngokwengeziwe ukudala umphumela ongajwayelekile. Amafasitela anezingilazi ezibunjiwe nezinto ezibunjiwe kufakwa ophahleni, iminyango, amafasitela, okuvame ukuba sesimeni se-arched, emabhande, okwehlukaniswayo okwengeziwe, amalambu. Amaphethini wezimbali kumakhemikhali anika ukunambitheka okukhethekile nobumnandi ku-Art Nouveau.

Ukuhlobisa

Ukuhlobisa kudlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi. Ifenisha yendawo yezokungcebeleka ihlotshiswe ngezinto eziqoshwe ngokhuni - izibambo nezinsimbi zefenisha zitholakala ngezinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Amathebula nezihlalo zinemilenze emikhulu ebushelelezi, enweba ngezansi. Izembatho zewadi, amahhovisi, amaslayidi ahlotshiswe ngamawindi anengilazi.

Izinto zokuhlobisa ezithandwa kakhulu yizinto zobuciko nezingilazi ezinemibala. Lawa angaba ngamalambu anama-lampshades anemibala evulekile, izitsha ezinemifanekiso yezilwane nezitshalo, imifanekiso engavamile, imidwebo esodongeni.

Kungakuhle ukusebenzisa izinto ezenziwe ngezandla, ezizogcizelela isimo nokunambitheka kwabanikazi bendlu. Ingilazi, insimbi eyakhiwe noma izesekeli zokhuni zezimo ezithandekayo zisebenza ngokukhethekile. Izinto zokuvuna nazo zizofika kahle - amawashi, izibuko, izithombe ezindala ngokufakelwa kuzimele. I-Art Nouveau ayinakwenza ngaphandle kwezindwangu ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngemihlobiso ye-eco. Izindwangu zemvelo zisetshenziselwa:

Amakhethini;
Amakhaphethi;
Imicamelo yokuhlobisa kanye nezindwangu zokulala;
Upholstery wefenisha ephakanyisiwe.

Ama-Chandeliers anendawo ekhethekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo: ezinkulu, eziqoshiwe, imvamisa enemininingwane yensimbi ngemibala emnyama, enemigqa ebushelelezi egobile nokukhanya okuthambile okusakazekile. Akukho ukuziqhenya nezindawo ezikhanyayo. Ngaphezu kwekhandlela elinjalo, khetha isibonisi sodonga noma amalambu anemibala enemibala.

Izindlela zokuzikhethela

Indlela yokukhetha eyinhloko nokuyinhloko kwabaningi, empeleni, izindleko zefenisha. Futhi lapho ukhetha okwanamuhla, udinga ukuzilungiselela izindleko ezinkulu, ngoba kufanele ukhethe izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme kubakhiqizi abathembekile. Izinto ezinjalo zemvelo zokwenza amahedisethi azikwazi ukushibhile;
Umbandela wesibili obalulekile ikhwalithi yefenisha. Izinga lekhono labakhiqizi libalulekile lapha, yiziphi izinto zokuqala ezisetshenziswayo, futhi uphawu alubalulekanga kangako kulolu daba. Ngokukhetha kokugcina, udinga ukubuka izithombe zezinto zangaphakathi ezahlukahlukene bese ukhetha okulungele wena;
Umbandela wesithathu ukuhambisana nesitayela. Izinto zemvelo, imibala yemvelo ethulisiwe, imigqa ebushelelezi egobile, imihlobiso ephefumulelwe izimbali nezilwane kufanele ibe khona kokubili kwifenisha uqobo nakuyo umhlobiso wayo.

Ifenisha yanamuhla yase-Italy ingenye yezidume kakhulu emhlabeni, iyabukeka, incane futhi ilungele ukuhlobisa ifulethi noma indlu ngesitayela seLiberty. I-Italy inamathela kumathoni emvelo nase-ergonomics ekukhiqizeni ifenisha. Imikhiqizo enjalo ihlangene futhi ihle kakhulu. Ifenisha yaseRussia Art Nouveau nayo iyadingeka emakethe; abakhiqizi abaningi benza izinto zangaphakathi ezithokozisayo nezingajwayelekile namasethi efenisha esezingeni eliphakeme. Ama-modular kits ahlobene ne-Russian Art Nouveau, eyehlisa izindleko zokuhlobisa ifulethi kwesinye isikhathi. Isitayela sibukeka sicebile, kodwa hhayi ngokuzenzisa.

I-Art Nouveau isitayela esinomlando omude esavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ukuthatha isinqumo ngokuhlobisa kulo mklamo, uzochitha umzamo omkhulu nemali, kepha ngenxa yalokho uzothola umsebenzi wobuciko wangempela ozokujabulisa wena nezivakashi zakho isikhathi eside kakhulu.