Yimaphi amakhabethe ewayini akhona, ukubuka konke kwemodeli

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Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, isiko lokuphuza iwayini seliqale ukusabalala futhi esikhaleni saseSoviet. Ngokwandayo, abantu abacabangi ngokusetshenziswa kwewayini kuphela, kepha futhi bacabanga ngokugcinwa okulungile. Kungakho ikhabethe lewayini liyeka kancane kancane ukubhekwa njengeyivelakancane: ziyathengwa, zenzelwe uku-oda, kanti ezinye izingcweti zizenza ngezandla zazo. Imiklamo enjalo kalula ingaba umhlobiso wangempela wendlu yangasese noma umthombo wokuziqhenya kumninikhaya.

Izici zomklamo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemiklamo yamabhodlela ewayini: yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni kanye nasekhaya. Ikhabethe lewayini lasekhaya kufanele libe lula futhi lihlangane ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha lihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kusetshenziswe ekhaya, akunconywa ukuthenga izitolo ezinamashalofu e-diagonal.

Ikhabethe lewayini ekuphekeleni kumele libe nomklamo ocatshangelwe kahle. Kulokhu, izakhiwo ze-cruciform noma amashalofu e-diagonal asebenza kahle. Banokubukeka kwendabuko, bakha umoya wobukhona ewayinini noma endaweni engaphansi komhlaba.

Abantu bokudala abakwaziyo ukuphatha insimbi bangakha ikhabethe lokugcina iwayini ekhaya ngezandla zabo. Uma wenza isivimbelo sebhodlela eshalofini eliseceleni noma eceleni, ulibeke endaweni efanele izinga lokushisa kwewayini, uzothola ikhabethe lewayini elihle kakhulu lasekhaya. Umkhawulo wenziwe ngemichilo ye-beech, engu-20 * 10 mm ngosayizi. Kumele zifakwe ibala lamapulangwe ukuze izinkuni zingoni, bese zidwetshwa ngombala oyifunayo, zivisiwe. Ama-slats ajijelwe eshalofini, ahlehla kancane emaphethelweni.

Iminyango yenketho yokugcina iwayini kufanele ibe mnyama, ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Ekukhanyeni, iwayini liyawohloka, insalela yesici iwela ezansi kwebhodlela. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ukutholakala kwezidaka kuyinto evamile, udinga ukunaka lokhu lapho uthenga.

Isakhiwo sokugcina samabhodlela ewayini kufanele sizinze ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwazo. Iwayini akufanele ligingqike ngokukhululeka, liwe lapho kuvulwa umnyango, ngakho-ke, amakhabethe angajulile noma amakhabethe awafanele ukudala umkhiqizo wewayini ngezandla zakho. Ibhodlela kufanele lingene ngokuphelele ekhefini lokuligcina, umnyango kufanele uvalwe ngokuqinile.

Esitokisini sendawo yokudlela enhle noma iwayini, iwayini ligcinwa ezakhiweni ezivulekile - emashalofini noma emashalofini. Egumbini elinokushisa okunethezeka kubantu, noma elangeni eliqondile, iwayini ligcinwa kuphela kwisitoreji esivaliwe. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ukunambitheka kwewayini futhi kuvimbele ukonakala.

Akunzima ukwenza indlu yangasese ngezandla zakho kusuka endlini yokugcina impahla yesakhiwo esiphakeme noma emgodini wendlu yangasese. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa amapayipi amapayipi:

amapayipi asawulwa abe yizicucu zobude obudingekayo;
izingxenye ezivelayo zinamathele ndawonye nesibhamu seglue;
emaphethelweni amapayipi acutshungulwa nge-sandpaper ebhalwe u-0, inxeba elizungeze umunwe wenkomba. Kubalulekile ukungalimazi noma ukuklwebha amapayipi ngesikhathi sokucubungula.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ishelufu eliphezulu lalo mklamo lihlala lishiywa lingenalutho, ngaphandle kwalokho iwayini elikulo lizokonakala. Imiklamo efanayo kulula ukuyakha kusuka kwezinye izinto:

amabhlogo wokwakha ayindilinga;
amapayipi obumba;
amapayipi okuhambisa amanzi.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izingxenye kufanele zivumelane ngokuqinile komunye nomunye, zibambe ziqine. Ingaphakathi lomkhiqizo wewayini kufanele libe nomswakama omuhle - kusuka kuma-55 kuye kuma-80%. Ngokuncipha kwesikhombisi, ukhokho uyancipha, umoya ungena ngaphakathi, iwayini line-oxidized. Uma izinga lomswakama lidluliwe, ukhokho uba yisikhunta, konakele, futhi isiphuzo sishintsha ukunambitheka kwaso. Igumbi lamabhodlela kumele lingabi nephunga. Iwayini limunca iphunga langaphandle kukakhokho, ukunambitheka kwesiphuzo kuyashintsha.

Izinhlobo

Amadivayisi wokugcina isiphuzo esihle ahlukile hhayi ekubukekeni kuphela, kodwa nakwezici. Umehluko womhlaba jikelele ubukhona bezindawo zokushisa eziningana. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ngasikhathi sinye ugcine izinhlobo eziningana zewayini.

Amafriji apholile ewayini angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngezinkomba ezilandelayo:

umbuso wezinga lokushisa - kunamamodeli wokushisa owodwa, amabili, amathathu, kanye namamodeli wokushisa okuningi kumakhabethe ewayini okushisa;
ngohlobo lokupholisa - kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokubanda, kufaka phakathi i-compressor ne-non-compressor;
ngento eshalofini - amashalofu angaphakathi angenziwa ngokhuni, ngepulasitiki noma ngensimbi;
ukusetshenziswa kwamandla - kunezigaba A, A +, A ++, B, C, D;
Ilokhi - izakhiwo, uma kunesidingo, zingakhiya;
i-alamu - lo msebenzi uzokuvumela ukuthi wazi ngokushesha ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa;
ngokwesigaba sesimo sezulu sokusetshenziswa - amakilasi amane ahlukanisiwe, ngosizo lwawo ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa isakhiwo ezimweni ezithile zezulu. Lezi zigaba zimi ngokulandelayo: N - ejwayelekile, SN - okungavamile, ST - subtropical, T - tropical.

Kubathandi bewayini elibomvu lokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, ukwakhiwa kokushisa okukodwa kufanelekile, inani labo liphansi kakhulu. Abathandi bewayini elimhlophe kuzodingeka basebenzise imali kumakhabethe ewayini anezindawo ezimbili, ngoba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinezidingo ezihlukile zokushisa.

Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngokusho kwalesi sici, izakhiwo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba: A, A +, A ++, B, C, D.

Izitokisi zenziwa ngomnyango owodwa noma emibili, kuya ngohlobo. Uma izinga lokushisa kwikhabethe lewayini lifana kuwo wonke amashalofu, kunengqondo ukuthenga umklamo ngomnyango owodwa. Ngokugcina ngasikhathi sinye iwayini elibomvu nelimhlophe, kufanele ikhabethe lewayini elineminyango emibili kuphela, ukuze kuthi lapho kuvulwa indawo eyodwa, kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elilungile ngaphakathi kwelinye.

Ngokwenketho yokubeka isakhiwo, kungaba khona:

ukuma ngokukhululeka;
kushumekwe.

Yakhelwe ngaphakathi

Ukuma ngokuhlukile

Lezi zokugcina zivame ukwenziwa uku-oda noma ukuza ziphelele ngefenisha yobuchwepheshe. Imvamisa, amabhodlela ayi-18-20 ophuzo oludakayo angabekwa esakhiweni esinjalo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma kunesidingo, kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ifenisha engabamba amabhodlela afinyelela kuma-200 noma nangaphezulu.

Isiqandisi sekhoneni newayini lekhabethe linama-compressors ukugcina izinga lokushisa olifunayo. Uma le nketho ibonakala inomsindo, kukhona amakhabethe acindezelayo. Lolu hlobo lwekhabethe lekhabethe selupholile ngokuya ngesimiso sePeltier.

Kukhona futhi amamodeli angajwayelekile amele ifriji ejwayelekile enomklamo owakhelwe ngaphakathi wokugcina iwayini. Kuvamile ukuthi inguqulo yemoto inikwe amandla ngebhethri elishajekayo. Le modeli ingabamba amabhodlela afinyelela kwayisithupha.

Izinto zokukhiqiza

Kusetshenziswa izinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene ukwenza isitoreji sewayini, kepha amakhabethe ewayini ngokhuni abelokhu ethandwa kakhulu emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Le nto ivumela iwayini ukuthi liphefumule. Ikhabethe lewayini eliqinile ngeke nje libe umhlobiso wanoma yiliphi ikhaya, kodwa lizovumela iwayini ukuthi linikezwe ngezimo eziseduze ngangokunokwenzeka nokuthi iwayini laligcinwa kanjani kusukela kumthombo wokwenza iwayini.

Izinzuzo zalolu daba zifaka phakathi ukuzilungisa kwamakhabethe ewayini okhuni, okungenzeki lapho wenza isitoreji kusuka kupulasitiki noma ensimbi. Ukusebenzisa indawo engaphansi kwewayini enezindawo ezimbili kudinga ukuhambisana namazinga okushisa asekamelweni, kufanele ibekwe kuphela egumbini elikhethwe ngokukhethekile.

Ukuze ugcine isiphuzo ku-cafe noma efulethini, ifriji yewayini ilungile. Zenziwe ngensimbi nepulasitiki esezingeni eliphakeme. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukushisa nomswakama ngaphakathi, ngaphandle kwezimo ezingaphandle.

Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amapayipi obumba ngokwenza isitoreji sewayini ngezandla zakho. Le nto yemvelo iyakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa olufunayo nomswakama. Amapayipi okuhambisa amanzi anezakhiwo ezinjalo. Ukulungisa amakhabethe ewayini avela kulezi zinto akunakwenzeka, okufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kunqunywa ukuthi yini okufanele kube ibha kusuka kuyo.

Izicabha zenziwe ngengilazi enombala ovikela isiphuzo emisebeni ye-UV. Lokhu kuvimbela i-oxidation yewayini kanye ne-sedimentation. Izihlungi zamalahle zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza umoya ezinhlelweni ezivalekile. Lolu hlelo lukuvumela ukuthi ususe iphunga elingaphandle, elivikela iwayini ekushintsheni kokunambitheka.

Ukufingqa, singaqokomisa izinto eziningi ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha enjalo:

insimbi;
ingilazi omnene;
ama-polymers;
ukhuni lwemvelo;
inhlanganisela yezinto eziningana.

Imvamisa, kuzakhiwo ezinjalo kusetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa okukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ngaphandle kokuvula iminyango yalokhu.

Izinkuni

Insimbi

Ingilazi

Imithetho yendawo yokuhlala

Indawo yendabuko yokugcina iwayini ibhekwa njengegumbi elimnyama, elipholile nomswakama olinganiselayo. Ezindlini, igumbi elingaphansi noma igumbi lokugcina lihlangabezana nezidingo. Uma lingekho ikamelo elihlukile, ikhabethe lewayini kanye nenguqulo yalo encane, kuhlanganiswe nodonga olubandayo (umzila wokushayela noma umgwaqo), kuzokwenza. Amakani okhekhe abazenzele asebenza njengenkomba yokufaneleka kwendawo yokugcina. Uma zingabandi ebusika, zingavuli ehlobo ngenxa yokushisa nokuvutshelwa, indawo ilungele ukugcina iwayini.

Uma kungekho sikhala endlini esihlangabezana nezidingo, kufanelekile ukuthenga amakhabethe amancane ewayini. Ingabekwa noma yikuphi, inendlela yokulawula ukushisa. Lolu hlobo lwesitoreji lubizwa nge-mini wine cabinet. Lokhu kungaba yikhabethe lewayini lethebulethi noma ikhabethe lebha, elivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokudlela ezinhle ezincane.

Uma ikhabethe lewayini linomnyango wengilazi ngaphandle kokuvikela uthuli noma ukufiphaza, lifakwa endaweni emnyama ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Uma kungenjalo, iwayini lizoxhuma futhi liqine.

Indawo yokugcina iwayini kufanele ivikelwe ekudlidlizeni nasekunyakazeni. Ngaphansi kwethonya lalezi zinto, iwayini langempela liyabhujiswa, kuvela insalela, futhi izakhiwo zayo nokunambitheka kuyashintsha. Yingakho ngesikhathi sokufakwa kufanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sizinzile futhi asididizeli nokunyakaza okuncane.

Uma kukhethwa imodeli yokusetshenziswa kwangasese, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela encane ehlanganisiwe engafakwa ku-niche noma ngaphansi kwetafula. Ngokuqondene nenketho yokuqala, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi iminyango ivuleka ngokukhululekile futhi ayiphazamisi ukunyakaza. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngokungena komoya okwanele, ngaphandle kwalokho amayunithi ngamanye angalimala futhi isakhiwo sonke sizohluleka.

Ungakhetha kanjani

Udinga ukukhetha inketho yebha yokugcina iziphuzo ucabangela okuthandayo, amandla wezezimali nokutholakala kwendawo efanelekile yokubekwa. Uma ubukhulu bendawo yokuhlala bancane, kufanele ubhekisise amakhabethe ewayini ekhoneni. Leli khabethe lewayini lincane, lithatha isikhala esincane, kepha imvamisa alinawo umnyango. Ngakho-ke, indawo yokuhlala kungenzeka ezimeni ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokugcina iwayini.

Lapho kungenzeki ukubheka izimo ezifanele kulo lonke igumbi, kunconywa ukuthi ubhekisise amamodeli anjengezinhlobo zewayini namakhabethe ngaphansi kwetheyiphu. Banosayizi omncane kanye nekhono lokulawula i-microclimate kwisitoreji. Ikhabethe lewayini lethebulethi linezinto ezifanayo.

Ukukhethwa kwempahla yokugcina kuncike egumbini elizotholakala kulo. Ikhabethe lewayini noma lokhuni lifanele amakamelo ahlukene okugcina amabhodlela. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, kufanele ubhekisise imikhiqizo yanamuhla epulasitiki nensimbi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuzilungisa ngokwakho amakhabethe ewayini kungenzeka kuphela esimweni samamodeli wokhuni. Kwezinye izimo, kuzodingeka uxhumane nensizakalo.

Ukukhethwa kwesitoreji kuthonywa inani lotshwala oluhlelelwe ukubekwa ngaphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, abathandi bohlobo olulodwa lwesiphuzo bangasebenzisa ikhabethe lewayini ngamabhodlela ayi-8. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi leli nani ngeke lihlale lifakwa njalo. Umthamo wenzelwe amabhodlela ayisishiyagalombili ewayini elijwayelekile. Amawayini akhanyayo ne-champagne ayatholakala emabhodleleni amakhulu. Uma etholakala, amabhodlela ambalwa azongena esiqandisini kunalokho okuchazwe encazelweni.

Ama-connoisseurs amawayini ahlukene azodinga ikhabethe lezindawo ezimbili lamabhodlela ayi-12, ngoba amabhodlela ewayini elimhlophe nelibomvu adinga izimo ezihlukile zokugcina. Amawayini e-Elite adinga izinga lokushisa elihlukile lohlobo ngalunye, ngakho-ke adinga isikhala esithe xaxa. Leli wayini lidume kakhulu ngombala omhlophe.

IKhabhinethi bar ingaba neyodwa yezinhlelo zokupholisa eziningana:

igumbi le-compressor (elibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yobukhona be-compressor epholisa umoya) - linciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa, kepha likhipha umsindo oyisici;
i-thermoelectric (inamagama amabili, eyesibili igama lomsunguli wokusebenza kwePeltier) - engakulungele ukugcinwa okulungile kwewayini elikhazimulayo nelimhlophe, ngoba ayiwupholisi ngokwanele umoya;
ukumuncwa (kwabizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuba khona kokumunca, okusiza ukupholisa okwenziwa) - buthule, kepha kuyabiza, kusebenzisa ugesi omningi.

Njengoba ukukhetha ikhabethe lewayini ngokuvamile kungelula, kunconywa ukuthola isithombe sesitoreji osifunayo, kepha kungcono ukudweba umdwebo onemininingwane ngazo zonke izilinganiso. Ngesithombe nomdwebo, kuzoba lula ukuchazela umxhumanisi wesitolo ukuthi ubheke ngakuphi. Engxoxweni ubuso nobuso nomuntu onolwazi, ukukhethwa kwefenisha kuzothatha isikhathi esincane futhi kuzosebenza kangcono. Into esemqoka ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi inketho yesitoreji efanele icala lakho. Lokhu kukhetha kungathonywa yizinto eziningi: kusuka ngosayizi wekamelo lapho kuhlelwe ukuthi kubekwe khona isakhiwo, kuye enanini lewayini elizogcinwa ngasikhathi sinye esitolo.