Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zefenisha, izici zazo zokusebenza
Impahla efanelekile yefenisha ikhethwa ngokuya ngokusebenza kwayo nezimo ezisetshenziswa kuyo. Ngaphandle kokulondolozwa kwale ngxenye yemakethe, izinhlobo zesimanje nezisebenzayo zivela minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, izingcweti ezenza ifenisha ngokuzimela kufanele ziqaphe njalo izitayela ezintsha nokuvela kwezinto ezingamelana nokugqoka.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izinto zefenisha buye buqhutshwa njalo buthuthukiswe. Izinto ezintsha ezintsha ezisebenzayo ziyavela emakethe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amabhodi e-MDF, i-plywood engenamanzi, izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ifenisha yenziwa ngaziphi izinto.
Izinkuni amabhodi
Uhlobo oludume kakhulu yi-chipboard, noma i-chipboard. Ekwenziweni kwayo, kusetshenziswa sawdust kanye ne-shavings, efakwe i-formaldehyde resin, esebenza njenge-binder. Kuyinto ewusizo kakhulu yokwenza ifenisha yekhabhinethi. Izinto ze-chipboard ezisetshenziswa ekhishini nasendlini yokugezela zikhuphule ukumelana nomswakama.
Ngazo zonke izinzuzo, lolu hlobo lwepuleti lunenkinga enkulu - ukutholakala kwama-formaldehydes ayingozi. Izimfihlo zazo, ikakhulukazi lapho kugxilwe kakhulu, ziyingozi empilweni.
Okubi kufaka phakathi ukumelana nomswakama obuthakathaka. Uma amanzi engena ngaphansi kongqimba lwendawo enamaminerali, lonke ibhodi lizoqhuma futhi liwohloke. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngisho nefenisha eyenziwe ngezinto zemvelo ingahlushwa izimo zomswakama owedlulele futhi ilahlekelwe ukubukeka kwayo.
I-Fiberboard
Ekwenziweni kwe-fiberboard, kusetshenziswa imicu yezinkuni ekukhiqizeni. Bacindezelwe ngokucindezela okushisayo kuningi. Ngaphezu imicu cellulose, ukwakheka kuhlanganisa amanzi kanye polymers zokwenziwa. Ngenxa yalobu buchwepheshe, uhlangothi olulodwa lwesilayidi lunokuthungwa kwe-mesh. Olunye uhlangothi uhlangothi olungaphambili, oluhlanganiswe nefilimu ye-melamine eyakha indawo ebushelelezi. I-Fibreboard mncane kakhulu kune-chipboard futhi iguquguquka kalula.
Ekwakhiweni kwefenisha, kusetshenziswa nebhodi le-fiber elinolaka. Umehluko wayo usohlangothini olungaphambili, ingaphezulu lawo elingamboziwe ngefilimu, kepha umane usongwe. Ukukhethwa kwento kuthonywa izindleko zayo. Kulokhu, imali igcinwa, ngoba le nguqulo yepuleti ishibhile kune-analogue elaminishwe. Ubukhulu be-slab ngu-3 kuya ku-5 mm. Yize kunenkolelo yokuthi mkhulu kunalokho, kungcono, kulokhu konke kwehlukile. I-fiberboard isetshenziselwa ukwenza isisekelo samakhabethe okudonsa nezindonga zekhabethe, lapho ubukhulu obulungile bungu-3 mm. Ngakho-ke, lokhu ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu be-fiberboard.
Izizathu zokuthi kungani kufanele ukhethe i-fiberboard yokwenziwa kwefenisha izindleko eziphansi zento, izimfanelo ezinhle zokufakwa kwe-thermal nempilo ende yokusebenza. Okubi kufaka phakathi ukwesaba umswakama nobubanzi obuncane.
MDF
Izinto zefenisha ezenziwe nge-MDF ziphephile futhi azilungeli imvelo, ngoba ziqukethe izinto zemvelo kuphela, njengesaha. Esikhundleni sezinhlaka zokubopha, amabhodi e-MDF aqukethe upharafini wemvelo kanye ne-lignin. Ngenxa yobungani bemvelo, kusetshenziswa izinto zebhodi le-MDF ekwakheni ifenisha yezingane neyekhishi. Lokho wukuthi, zilungele ukusetshenziswa emakamelweni lapho kudingeka khona izidingo ezengeziwe zokuphepha kwemvelo.
Enye inzuzo yalokhu okubalulekile ukuqina nokufana kwayo, okukuvumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe njengezinto ezibhekene nefenisha. Isetshenziselwa ukudala ama-facade nempahla yokuhlobisa. Ububi obukhulu bamapuleti isisindo sabo. Ziyasinda impela, ngakho azenzi ifenisha eqinile evela kwi-MDF. Izindleko zento, yize ziphansi kunezinkuni zemvelo, ziphakeme kancane kune-chipboard.
Ipulangwe
Ipulangwe libiza kakhulu kune-chipboard ne-fiberboard futhi liphansi kubo ngokuya ngobuningi bokwakheka komhlaba. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, okokusebenza akuvamile ukuthi kusetshenziswe ekwenzeni ifenisha.
Izici plywood:
- Ukushuba kwamashidi kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-21 mm;
- Zenziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkuni, okwamanje ezingasho lutho. Ungasebenzisa ngokulinganayo i-birch noma i-plywood plywood;
- Indaba kunzima ukuyiphatha. Ipulangwe elingenalutho lisikwa nge-jigsaw, futhi okotshani obumbozwe ngepulasitiki kudinga imishini ekhethekile.
Le nto izwela umswakama. Ngakho-ke, kufanele futhi ucubungule izingxenye zefenisha yeplywood evulekile.
Ipulasitiki
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ifenisha yezinkuni zemvelo iyabiza impela ngenxa yezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa, izinhlobo zokwenziwa kwezinto ezilingisa ezemvelo ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwayo. Enye yazo ipulasitiki yasendlini. Le laminate yokuhlobisa ikhiqizwa ngokucindezela izinhlobo eziningana zephepha elikhethekile.
Izinto zokwakha ifenisha ezifana nepulasitiki, ikakhulukazi ezakheke kahle ngemuva, zisetshenziselwa ukwakha ubucwebe befenisha, ama-sill sills kanye nama-countertops. Ipulasitiki yinhle ngokwenza ifenisha yokugezela lapho kunomswakama ophezulu nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Isiqondisi esisha emakethe yifenisha eyinhlanganisela. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kusekelwe ezintweni ezimbili - i-polymer nezinkuni.
Ingilazi
Ingilazi ingasetshenziselwa ukudala izinhlobo ezahlukene zefenisha. Isibonelo, itafula elinengilazi ephezulu lizobukeka lisesitayeleni kunoma iyiphi ingaphakathi.
Ngenxa yekhono lengilazi lokuphinda likhanye futhi libonakalise ukukhanya, le nto yokusebenza iyinto enhle yokuhlobisa ekwakhiweni kwasekhaya. Ngokukhetha okulungile kokukhanya, ingilazi yefenisha yengilazi iletha igumbi empilweni. Izinto ezinjalo zokuqedela ifenisha njengengilazi zithembekile, ziyasebenza futhi zibukeka zizinhle ngaphakathi kwamakamelo endlu. Ngisho nezihlalo, izitulo nezihlalo zezingalo ezinhlobonhlobo ezixakile zenziwe ngengilazi.
Idwala
Izinto zokwakha ifenisha ngamatshe zibukeka kahle. Inzuzo yayo enkulu amandla ayo amnandi, ukuthungwa nephethini eyingqayizivele.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa:
- Imibala yemvelo nokwakheka akudingi ukuhlobisa okwengeziwe;
- Ukuphepha kwemvelo okungenakuphikwa, ngoba itshe lingamaphesenti ayikhulu wezinto zemvelo;
- Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kwanele ukumane usule uthuli njalo;
- Ukumelana nomswakama ophakeme nokushisa okweqile.
Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamatafula ekhishi nama-sill sills, kanye namabhentshi engadi nezihlalo. Abamele isiteleka salolu hlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo yimabula negranite. Ukuhlala etsheni ngokunethezeka, ifakwe imiqamelo eyenziwe ngezindwangu ezithambile njenge-velor, velveteen, microfur nezinye.
Izinkuni zemvelo
Ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo zemvelo, kuyinto enhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ifenisha. Okokuqala, inobungani bemvelo, ayikhiphi ubuthi. Izinkuni zemvelo yinto eqinile. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngayo inempilo ende yokusebenza. Izinkuni kulula ukuzicubungula futhi zingasetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha yanoma yikuphi ukwakheka. Le mpahla ikuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlobo zokuklama zoqobo zomklami. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezihlahla ezisetshenzisiwe: uphayini, i-birch, i-oki. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezijwayelekile, zisebenzisa ezingavamile kakhulu: i-sandalwood ne-mahogany.
Insimbi
Insimbi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza amasethi efenisha yasengadini. Ngokuyinhloko, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinsimbi ezisetshenziswayo. Lezi yinsimbi yensimbi, insimbi ne-aluminium. Insimbi yensimbi inokubukeka okuhle, inamandla futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Ngoba inzima kakhulu, ifenisha eyenziwe ngayo kunzima ukuhamba. Le nsimbi iyona futhi ngakho-ke idinga ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe ngengubo ekhethekile.
Amatafula engadi, ama-gazebos nama-sun lounger enziwe ngensimbi. Imikhiqizo ingenziwa ngosayizi abakhulu njengoba kulula ukuyihambisa. Ukuze uvikele ukugqwala, sebenzisa isiqalo nopende.
I-Aluminium yinto elula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukwenziwa kwezihlalo nezingalo. Imelana nokugqwala futhi ayidingi ukucubungula okwengeziwe.
Izinkuni zokuhlobisa ibhodi lezinkuni
Ukumbozwa kokuhlobisa kwamapaneli asuselwe ngokhuni kufaka ukufaka i-veneering, lamination and laminating of chipboard, as well as the production of postforming and softforming facade.
Yokuvikela ngocwazi
I-chipboard enamaminerali idalwa ngokumboza ingaphezulu ngewebhu yezinto ezigoqiwe kusetshenziswa iglu. I-canvas isongwe nge-roller ezingeni lokushisa elingu-20 kuye ku-150 ° C kanye nengcindezi efinyelela kuma-7 MPa.
Izinzuzo ze-chipboard elaminishwe zifaka izindleko zayo eziphansi, ukukhululeka kokwenza, nokubukeka okuhle. Ububi bokusebenzisa le nto impilo emfushane yensizakalo, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphansi, ukubukeka kwangempela kulahlekile ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1-2.
Ukugqoka kwe-Melamine
Ukuhlelwa kwe-Melamine kusetshenziselwa ifenisha yokupholisa. Yenziwe ngephepha lokuhlobisa elifakwe izinhlaka. Isetshenziselwa ukuqeda ingaphakathi lemikhiqizo noma izingxenye zangaphakathi. Indaba kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ayikho imishini ekhethekile edingekayo ukuyinamathisela. Ukushuba kokuhlelwa kungu-0.3 mm, futhi kuyatholakala ngongqimba owodwa nambili. Uhlangothi olubuyayo luphathwa ngesixazululo esikhethekile sokunamathela.
Laminate
Ubuso be-chipboard elaminishwe buhlanganiswe nefilimu ekhethekile yokuqedela. Iphepha elikhulelwe i-resin lisebenza njengalo. Inamathiselwe ebusweni ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubandakanya izinhlaka ezikhona kwifilimu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuvikela ngocwazi:
- Kuyabanda
- Kuyashisa.
Inqubo uqobo lwayo yenzeka ngezigaba ezine. Okungukuthi:
- Ukulungiswa kwesisekelo;
- Ilungiselela iphepha lokumboza;
- Ukufaka lesi siphetho kusilayidi;
- Ukwakheka kwamapuleti kuma-pallets.
Ukwenziwa kweposi
Leli igama le-chipboard elula enamakhona ayindilinga. Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemingcele yefenisha namatafula ekhishi. Ama-facade e-postforming enziwe ngaphandle kokugaya kwangaphakathi, yingakho eshibhile kune-analogues.
Ekwenziweni kobumbano olwenziwe ngemuva, kusetshenziswa ishidi elijwayelekile le-chipboard elinamamitha angu-2.44 ubude. Iseka izingcezu zobubanzi obuhlukahlukene. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile - umshini wokubopha onqenqemeni, imikhawulo ye-facade inamathiselwa kusetshenziswa umphetho wepulasitiki. Unganamathisela kuphela imikhawulo ngomphetho we-melamine, kepha ayiqinile kangako futhi ayisebenzi.
Kumkhiqizo ophelile, ukuhlangana komphetho kanye nendwangu kufanele kube ngisho nangaphandle kwezinsalela zeglue. Kungcono ukupakisha ingxenye ngayinye ngokuhlukile ukuze ugweme ukuklwebheka kanye namazinyo.
I-Softforming
Isisekelo se-softforming yi-chipboard. Amaphethelo ayo agayiwe futhi ambozwe ngefilimu yokuvikela epulasitiki enemibala ehlukene. Ububanzi besicelo - ifenisha engaphambili. Umehluko omkhulu kusuka ekwakhiweni kwangemuva kokugaya kwangaphakathi kwemiphetho yewebhu.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-softforming facade ayihlukile ekukhiqizeni ama-postforming facade. Futhi, iphaneli langaphambili losayizi abajwayelekile lisikwa ngemikhiqizo ehlukile futhi imikhawulo yezingxenye inamathiselwe kwimishini ekhethekile.Umehluko kuphela ukuthi ungenza futhi inkatho ngaphakathi kwezingxenye zokufaka ingilazi. Ububanzi bayo bungu-4 mm.
I-Pvc
Lo mbhalo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo, ama-shades ahlukahlukene, usetshenziswa kabanzi ekubhekaneni nezakhiwo zefenisha. Isetshenziselwa ukudala ukubukeka okuhle kwama-countertops, izicabha zeminyango, amaphaneli wokuhlobisa, amaphrofayli. Unqenqema lwe-PVC luvikela ekukhishweni kwama-resin e-formaldehyde futhi lunikeza amafenisha wefenisha amandla athe xaxa.
Veneer
I-chipboard ene-Veneered isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ifenisha. Le yi-chipboard embozwe ngamashidi ngokhuni oluncane. I-Veneer yenziwa ngokhuni oluqinile noma ngokhuni lwe-coniferous ngokuxebula, ukuhlela nokusaha.
Izinto zokwenziwa kwe-chipboard ene-veneered yi-chipboard, veneer kanye ne-glue. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-chipboard imbozwe nge-veneer eyi-3 mm obukhulu kusetshenziswa imishini yokunyathelisa enesikhala esisodwa nesibanzi. Ngemuva kokuthi i-glue iqine, ingaphezulu liyisihlabathi. Ifenisha eyenziwe ngezinto ezinjalo, ngokungafani namabhodi anamiwe futhi ahlanganiswe, inekhwalithi enhle futhi ifana naleyo eyenziwe ngokhuni lwemvelo ngezici zayo.
Yikuphi okungcono ukukhetha?
Ukuqala ukuhlomisa indlu, abaningi bethu bayazibuza ukuthi iyiphi impahla ongakhetha kuyo ifenisha? Ukuvela kwento, izici zayo zabathengi nezindleko kufanele kucatshangelwe. Ekhiqizeni, basebenzisa ikakhulu:
- I-Chipboard (chipboard);
- Amabhodi e-MDF;
- I-Fiberboard (i-Fiberboard);
- Izinkuni zemvelo.
Ngayinye yalezi zinto inezinzuzo nezinkinga. Isibonelo, izindleko zokhuni lwemvelo ziphakeme impela uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa, kepha ifenisha uqobo inhle kakhulu ngokubukeka futhi inempilo ende yokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ifakwe emakamelweni anomswakama ophezulu nezinguquko zokushisa okungazelelwe.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nzima ukucacisa kahle ukuthi isakhiwo esithile senziwe ngani. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi wenze ukhetho olufanele, udinga ukucela umthengisi imibhalo yezitifiketi zefenisha.