Ungayinakekela kanjani i-begonia enesifo sofuba ekhaya? Sitshala isitshalo esihle futhi esivundile

I-Begonia ingesinye sezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezithandwa kakhulu. Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ngamaqembu amakhulu amathathu: okuhlobisa okuhlobisayo, okunezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nokuganga.

I-tuberous begonia ithole ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi bezimbali ngenxa yezici zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa nezinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid. Ukuze isiko lihehe iso ngobuhle balo nangokusha kwalo, kuyadingeka ukulinakekela kahle. Funda ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe endatshaneni engezansi. Bukela ividiyo ewusizo esihlokweni.

Mayelana nesitshalo

I-tuberous begonia iyisikhathi esingapheli esikhuliswa ngempumelelo efanayo enkundleni evulekile nasekhaya. Isici esiyinhloko sesitshalo i-rhizome eqinile ngesimo se-tuber kufika ku-6 cm ngosayizi.Iziqu zikhulu, zinamanzi, ziyaguquguquka. Amaqabunga makhulu, amise okwenhliziyo onqenqemeni olucijile. Umbala kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya ku-emerald. Ubuso bucwebezela noma bunamathele, bumbozwe izinwele.

QAPHELA: I-tuberous begonia inezimbali ezinde. Amahlumela avela ngoMeyi futhi aqhakaza ngokungaguquki kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.

Ukuphakama kwehlathi kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-80 cm. Umbala nokuma kwezimbali kuyahlukahluka, kuya ngohlobo, ubukhulu bawo bungu-3-20 cm. Izinhlobo ezidumile, ngenxa yokuphindaphindeka kwazo, ziyefana nama-peonies, ama-roses, ama-carnation.

Imibandela yokuboshwa

Indawo yokuzalwa kwama-begonias yizindawo ezishisayo. Isitshalo esithanda ukushisa singatshalwa ekhaya, kulandela izincomo zobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Ama-perennials adinga ukuhlinzeka ngemfudumalo nokukhanya. Indawo engcono kakhulu kuye kuzoba yi-sill esempumalanga noma eningizimu mpumalanga. Ungavumeli ilanga eliqondile lingene, lokhu kuholela ekushisweni kwamaqabunga namafihlekile. Uma ilanga linamandla kakhulu, indwangu noma isikrini sephepha siyakhiwa. Inketho enhle ukubeka ibhodwe esitendeni esikhethekile.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvumelana kwe-begonia, kudingeka izinga lokushisa elingu- + 18-22 °... Azikubekezeleli ukushisa kahle, amaqabunga aqala ukujika aphuzi, azigoge futhi ome. Ngesikhathi sokulala, ekwindla nasebusika, lesi sitshalo sigcinwa ekushiseni okungaba ngu-10 °.

Isikhathi esingapheliyo sinethezekile esimweni sezulu esiswakeme. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo noma ngamadivayisi okushisa asebenzayo, umoya uyoma. Ngesihlahla sokuhlobisa, lokhu kugcwele ukulahleka kokukhanya kombala, ukwehla kwamafihlekile namaqabunga. Ukufafaza amanzi eduze kwesitshalo kuzokuvumela ukuthi ulungise isimo. Kepha amaconsi akufanele afike emaqabungeni nasemacembeni.

Indlela ephumelelayo yokwandisa umswakama ukubeka ibhodwe esitsheni sobulembu obumanzi noma amatshe amancane. Ukuvimbela umswakama ungangeni emhlabathini ngezimbobo zamanzi, ibhodwe libekwa esoseni elihlanekezelwe.

Ukufika

I-tuber isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa i-begonias... Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula (ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ngoMashi), itshalwa esitsheni ukuze ihlume. I-Peat isetshenziswa njenge-substrate. Ungumhlabathi okhanyayo onenani elifanele lezakhamzimba, lapho ama-tuber buds azoqala khona ukukhula ngokushesha.

Izitshalo eziningana zingatshalwa esitsheni esisodwa esivulekile, ibanga eliphakathi kwazo lingama-cm 10. Ngaphambi kokutshala, i-peat iswakanyisiwe, i-tuber ijuliswa ngo-3/4, ezinye zihlala ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuhluma kwehlumela.

OKUBALULEKILE: Iphutha elejwayelekile lama-novice florists ukutshala okungafanele I-tuber inezinhlangothi ezimbili - eyindilinga ne-concave. Uhlangothi oluyindilinga kufanele lubekwe emhlabathini, kulapho izimpande zikhula khona.

Isitsha esine-begonias ehluma sigcinwa endaweni efudumele enezinga lokushisa elingu-18-20 °... I-substrate igcinwa imanzi. Ezimweni ezinhle, amahlumela avela ngokushesha. Lapho ubude babo bufinyelela ku-5 cm, isitshalo sitshalwe kabusha ebhodweni elihlala njalo.

Ama-Begonias afana nenhlabathi elula, evulekile ene-asidi ephansi. Ukukhetha okusebenzayo kwabaqalayo kuyisipesheli sokuqala esitolo. Iqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo, ezikhethwe ngokulingana okuhle. Uma ufisa, ungazilungisela ngokwakho inhlanganisela yomhlabathi. Kuyadingeka:

• umhlaba onamaqabunga;
• umhlanga;
• humus;
• i-perlite noma isihlabathi.

Zonke izingxenye zithathwa ngokulingana, kutholakala inhlabathi enomsoco futhi elula. Akukho ukukhetha kwezinto zebhodlela, ipulasitiki noma i-ceramic ezokwenza. Kepha usayizi ubalulekile, isitsha kufanele sibe ngu-15-20 cm ububanzi, ibanga elinconywayo ukusuka ku-tuber kuya odongeni lwebhodwe ngu-4-5 cm. Uhlelo lwezimpande olungapheli alunasisekelo, aludingi umthamo ojulile... Ukuphakama okuphelele kwebhodwe kungu-12-15 cm.

ITuberous begonia isabela kabi ekumeni kwamanzi. Ibhodwe kufanele libe nongqimba wokuhambisa amanzi (kufika ku-1/3 yevolumu) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi amaningi ayakhipha. Ubumba obunwetshiwe, imvuthu ye-foam, amatshe amancane amatshe asetshenziswa njenge-drainage.

Funda kabanzi ngokutshala i-begonias ebhodweni nasemhlabathini ovulekile futhi uqhubeke nokunakekela lapha.

Bukela ividiyo emayelana nokutshala i-begonia enesifo sofuba:

Ukufakelwa kabusha nini?

Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo zasendlini kwenzeka ezimweni ezimbili:

1. izimpande zagcwalisa ibhodwe eliminyene;
2. badinga ushintsho lomhlabathi ngenxa yezifo noma izikhukhula zezitshalo.

Ukufakelwa okuhleliwe kwe-begonia kwenzeka entwasahlobo, imvamisa ngo-Mashi.... Isigaxa siyasuswa emhlabathini bese sihlolwa. Izimpawu zokubola kufanele zisuswe ngommese, izindawo ezilimele kufanele zimbozwe ngocarbon powder ocushiwe. Ibhodwe kufanele libe likhulu ngo-10 cm kunobubanzi be-tuber. Inhlabathi isetshenziswa ngokufana nokutshala, ungqimba lwamanzi luthelwa phansi.

ICEBISO: Faka isigaxa se-begonia kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate okwemizuzu embalwa. Inqubo isebenza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal.

Buka ividiyo emayelana nokufakelwa kabusha kwe-begonia:

Unakekela kanjani?

I-Begonias akuzona izimbali ezingenandaba kakhulu, kodwa futhi zinezintandokazi zazo. Izitshalo zithanda umoya ohlanzekile, ngokushesha okukhulu ziyakhishwa ziye kuvulandi noma ithala. Kepha okusalungiswa akuvunyelwe.

Isici se-begonias enesifo yisikhathi sokulala sasebusika.... Kufanele ihlale okungenani izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Isikhathi sokuphumula siba ngoDisemba-Febhuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuchelela kumisiwe ngokuphelele noma kuncishiswe okungenani. Isiqu sesitshalo sinqunyiwe, futhi ibhodwe lifakwa endaweni emnyama, epholile.

Ukunisela

Imithetho yokunisela ilula impela, ukugcinwa kwayo kuzoqinisekisa impilo nokuqhakaza okugcwele kwesitshalo sendlu:

1. I-chlorine iyingozi ezimbali, sebenzisa amanzi ahleliwe.
2. Amanzi anoketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa, lesi sitshalo sizogula ngenxa yamakhaza.
3. Sabalalisa umswakama ngokulinganayo.
4. Uhlelo lokuchelela - ama-2-3 ngesonto, alungisiwe ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokomisa umswakama.
5. Gcina amaqabunga nezimbali kude nomswakama.

Ukuchichima kuyingozi ohlelweni lwempande lwe-begonia enesifo, zama ukuhlinzeka inani elilinganisiwe lamanzi.

Yini ongayondla?

I-Begonias idinga izakhi zomzimba eziningi ukuze ikhule futhi iqhubeke izimbali.... Ungayondla ngamaminerali kanye nama-organic fertilizer. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho bekwenza lokhu ngoMeyi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kufanele kugwenywe i-nitrogen, evimbela ukukhula kwezimbali. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa umanyolo wezitshalo eziqhakazayo kanye ngenyanga.

Ungancinza kanjani amahlumela?

Ukuncinza kanye nokusika izihlahla kukuvumela ukuthi wakhe umumo womqhele owufunayo, wenze isihlahla sibe nesihlahla ngokwengeziwe. Imibono yochwepheshe ngesidingo sokuncinza i-begonias enesifo ihlukaniswe. Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlala njalo ze-hybrid azidingi izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokwakha i-bushiness. Kepha kwezinye izimo, lesi silinganiso siyadingeka. Ukuncina kwenziwa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Iminwe isusa indawo ephezulu yokukhula kwamahlumela ngo-1-2 cm.

Izici zokukhula endle

Izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-Begonia zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphambi kukaMeyi... Zimila ngaphambili ezimbizeni. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izinto eziphilayo zifakwa emhlabathini - umquba noma i-humus. Lesi sitshalo sijwayela kancane kancane izimo zezulu zomgwaqo. Isikhathi esichithwa emoyeni siyanda nsuku zonke. Indawo yokufika kufanele ibe semthunzini oyingxenye futhi ivikelwe emoyeni. Ukuhlelwa kuya ngosayizi wezihlahla:

• amade atshalwa ngemuva kuka-30 cm;
• okuphakathi - ngemuva kwama-20 cm;
• ngaphansi - ngemuva kuka-15 cm.

Thela umlotha wezinkuni ngaphansi komgodi ngamunye we-tuber. Kungumanyolo wemvelo we-potassium-phosphorus wenhlabathi engathathi hlangothi.

Ukunisela kufanele kube kuningi, kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, kungcono ukukwenza ekuseni. Ngesikhathi esomile, imvamisa yomswakama iyanda. Ukunakekelwa kwangaphandle kubandakanya ukufaka ukhula nokuxegisa inhlabathi. Amahlumela nezimbali ezomile kufanele zisuswe. Ekwindla, isitshalo siqala ukulungiselela ukuphumula. Ukunisela kuncishisiwe. NgoNovemba, ingxenye engaphezulu iyanqunywa, kushiye isiphunzi size sifike ku-3 cm.

Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyamba, zihlanzwe bese zigoqwa ukuze zome egumbini elomile. Kungcono ukuwafaka ku-sphagnum moss, enezakhi ze-bactericidal. Gcina izilimo eziyizigaxa endaweni epholile (5-8 °). Zihlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile, zilahla ama-specimens alimele. Ama-begonias amancane azokhula kusuka kwizilimo eziyizigaxa eziqinile, ezibhalwe ngaphezulu entwasahlobo. Impilo yesitshalo iyiminyaka engu-2-3, kepha izinhlobo eziningi okungenani zineminyaka emihlanu.

Buka ividiyo mayelana nezici ezikhulayo ze-begonias ezinesifo endle:

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa okufanele kuholela ekuwohlokeni kokubukeka kwezitshalo zokuhlobisa. Iziphi izinkinga abalimi bezimbali abavame ukubhekana nazo:

1. Amaqabunga aphuzi - imbangela ejwayelekile yokuncipha kwenhlabathi, isitshalo sidinga ukuguqula isisekelo. Kungenzeka kube nokuntuleka komswakama noma ukukhanya.
2. Amabala ansundu emaqabungeni - zidalwa ukushiswa yilanga. Kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa ukufiphaza kusuka elangeni eliqondile.
3. Ukuwa kwemali kuyawa - inkinga yenzeka lapho kushoda amaminerali, amanzi, ukunyakaza njalo kwembali.

Izifo nezinambuzane

QAPHELA: I-tuberous begonia isengozini yokutheleleka ngefungal. Ukubukeka kwabo kucasulwa umswakama owedlulele emoyeni nasenhlabathini.

Izifo ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukubola okumpunga - amaqabunga ambozwe ngamabala, akhula kancane ububanzi. Ukuqhakaza okumpunga kuvela ezimbalini. Ngokuvikela nokwelashwa, isisombululo se-Fundazol sisetshenziswa.
• Isikhunta se-Powdery - ukuqhuma okumhlophe kusakazeka ebusweni bamaqabunga namahlumela amancane. Ukulwa ne-fungus kwenziwa ukwelashwa ngama-fungicides.

Izinambuzane ezinama-phytophagous zingabhubhisa isitshalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Phakathi kwezitha ze-begonias: ama-thrips, izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-aphid, ama-nematode. Kungcono ukulwa nezinambuzane ngosizo lwezinambuzane zesimanje: Aktara, Karbofos, Intavir.

Uma ulandela izincomo zokushiya, i-begonia izokujabulisa ngamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani namazimbali aphindwayo. Izinhlobo ze-Ampel zizohlobisa ama-balconi namathala, ama-bush anezimbali ezinkulu ezimbili azokwakha idizayini eyingqayizivele yombhede noma i-rockery.