Izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zokuphakama kwesihlalo, ukukhethwa kwamapharamitha afanele

Isihlalo siyifenisha okufanele ibe ntofontofo ngokulinganayo ekusebenzeni, ekuphumuleni, ekudleni. Kepha umbuzo awukona nje kuphela ngenduduzo, isikhundla esingalungile somzimba lapho uhleli kungadala izifo zomgogodla, kuthinte ukunikezwa kwegazi kuzo zonke izitho, kubangele imizwa yobuhlungu nokukhathala. Yingakho enye yezinqubo ezisemqoka ukuphakama kwesihlalo, okumele kukhethwe kucatshangelwa amaphuzu amaningi abalulekile. Lo mqondo awuhlanganisi nje kuphela ibanga ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu enezingqimba, kepha futhi nenani lokuphakama kokuphakama kwesihlalo, izingalo zokubopha izingalo, indawo yokubuyela emuva.

Ukubaluleka kosayizi lapho ukhetha ifenisha

Okokuqala, kufanele unqume ukuthi ifenisha iyathengwa yini yomuntu othile (ngokwesibonelo, etafuleni lengane noma egumbini lokuphumula lemidlalo yaseshashalazini). Uma kunjalo, ngakho-ke ngumthethosisekelo wakhe okufanele ubhekwe. Uma isihlalo sizosetshenziswa ngabantu abehlukene, kubhekwa nemingcele emaphakathi. Kulokhu, akubalulekile nje kuphela ukuphakama komuntu, kepha nobude bemilenze yakhe, ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba, ukuphakama nokwakheka kwetafula.

Ubukhulu besitulo obukhethwe ngokungafanele bungabangela ubuhlungu emgogodleni, ukuwohloka kombono, ukukhathala okusheshayo ngenkathi uhleli kuwo. Uma imilenze ingafiki phansi, imithambo yabesifazane, ehambisa igazi ezinyaweni ezingezansi, iyakhanywa. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uhlangabezana nokuba ndikindiki emilenzeni, futhi kamuva - ukuhamba kanzima. Isihlalo esibekwe phezulu kakhulu senza ukuthi umuntu ohleli phansi axege, agobise umgogodla ukuze asondeze amehlo etafuleni.

Uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, isihlalo siphansi kakhulu, khona-ke indawo yokuhlala yomuntu iphoqa imisipha yangemuva ukuthi ibe nokungezwani okungapheli, iphakamise umzimba phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isikhundla esifanele somzimba esihlalweni

Izinkomba ezifanele zokuhlala esihlalweni yilezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• itafula phezulu li-30 cm kude namehlo;
• imilenze emadolweni kufanele igobeke nge-engeli engakwesokudla futhi ime phansi ngazo zonke izinyawo, futhi amadolo kufanele abe ngaphezu kwokhalo;
• kufanele kube nokusekelwa esifundeni se-lumbar ukuze imisipha ingekho esimweni sokuqina;
• ukujula kwesihlalo kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi ayikho ingcindezi ngaphansi kwamadolo;
• ibanga ukusuka emadolweni kuya ngaphakathi kwetafula phezulu akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-10-15 cm;
• izandla phezulu kwetafula akufanele ziphakanyiswe.

Ukuvikela indawo yokusebenza kungaminyani futhi amehlo akho angaphazamiseki lapho ufuna izinto ozidingayo, itafula kufanele libe nobubanzi obungu-50 cm okungenani.

Lapho uhleli, umzimba ongaphezulu akufanele utshekelwe phambili noma uphonswe emuva. Kungcono kakhulu lapho i-eksisi yangemuva isezingeni elifanele esihlalweni. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuvela umuzwa wokukhathala, umuntu kufanele akwazi ukuncika emhlane wakhe ukuze aphumule.

Imithethonqubo ejwayelekile

E-Russian Federation, kunezindinganiso zombuso zefenisha yasendlini (GOST 13025.2-85). Kwizihlalo nezitulo zokusebenza, kulawulwa osayizi abajwayelekile abalandelayo:

• isihlalo ukujula - esihlalweni 360-450 mm, esihlalweni esisebenzayo - 400-500 mm;
• ukuphakama backrest esihlalweni - 165-200 mm;
• ububanzi besihlalo - okungenani u-360-450 mm wesihlalo kanye no-400-500 mm wesihlalo esisebenzayo.

Ubukhulu besitulo obunconyiwe buqukethe nebanga eliphakathi kwezindawo zokubeka izingalo - ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-420 mm.

Abakhiqizi befenisha banamuhla banikeza amakhasimende izinhlobonhlobo zezihlalo ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukuphakama kwawo okuphelele kungaba kusuka ku-800 kuye ku-900 mm, nokuphakama kwesihlalo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-400 kuye ku-450 mm. Ububanzi be-backrest bunobukhulu obuncane be-350 mm futhi ukujula kungafika ku-500-550 mm. Imodeli enokuphakama okuphelele kuka-750 mm kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile (kubhekwa ukuthi ubude bomuntu ojwayelekile bungu-165 cm). Kodwa-ke, ungakwazi ukubala usayizi wobude bakho.

Kubantu abanobude obuphakathi (kusuka ku-162 kuye ku-168 cm), usayizi wesitulo onconyiwe ungama-42-43 cm, uphakeme (kusuka ku-168 cm) - 45 cm, uphansi (ngaphansi kuka-162 cm) - 40 cm.

Inketho efanelekayo kuwo wonke umndeni amamodeli anemingcele eguquguqukayo.

Izindle

Lapho kukhiqizwa indle ejwayelekile, abakhiqizi baqondiswa ubukhulu obulandelayo ngokuya nge-GOST: ubude besihlalo bube okungenani ama-320 mm, ukuphakama kwemilenze okungenani kungama-500 mm, ibanga ukusuka kwibha yokuqala evundlile esihlalweni okungenani liyi-380-420 mm. Amafekthri amaningi namuhla ayandisa le mingcele. Ngakho-ke, ezitolo ungathola indle enobude obungu-420 mm kuye ku-480 mm. Lo mehluko uphikiswa ngesidingo sokukhetha amamodeli entofontofo ngokuya ngobude.

Kodwa-ke, imodeli ejwayelekile enokuphakama okungu-450 mm ingakwazi ukuhlala kahle izingane kanye nabantu abadala abade. Into esemqoka ukuthi ukuphakama kwesihlalo sasekhishini kufana nosayizi wetafula.

Izihlalo ezinemihlane

Isikhathi lapho izitulo bezisetshenziswa khona ekhishini nezihlalo kuphela bekukhona egumbini lokuphumula ifenisha yeqembu zihambile. Namuhla ukuba khona kwesihlalo esinemhlane kuyamukeleka impela ekhishini, egumbini lokuhlala, ekamelweni lokulala, kwezokungcebeleka nasezindaweni zokusebenza. Ukuphakama kwamamodeli ekhishi ane-backrests kubanga lika-800-900 mm. Kulokhu, ibanga ukusuka phansi kuya esihlalweni lingu-400-450 mm. Ukuphakama okulungile kwe-backrest (noma indawo lapho ungancika khona emuva) okungenani ama-450 mm. Okuhlukile yizibonelo zamabala wokubala.

Ifenisha yezindawo zokudlela ezinhle nezindawo zokudlela ibonakala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ukuphakama kwayo kungafinyelela ku-1060 mm, ukuphakama emuva - 600 mm. Kulokhu, ibanga ukusuka phansi ukuya esihlalweni kusamele libe phakathi kwama-450 mm. Ukwenza konke ukunethezeka, ingemuva lingaba nokugoba okubushelelezi komzimba futhi ligobeke kancane emuva. Kulokhu, ukuzinza kwefenisha kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngezinto ezengeziwe zokwakha.

Umqondo "wokuphakama okujwayelekile" nawo uyashiywa lapho kukhethwa izihlalo ezinemihlane yokusebenza. Ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza, kungadingeka ukuthi ngokuzimela ulungise ukuphakama kwesihlalo ukuze, ngokwesibonelo, umqaphi asezingeni leso.

Izihlalo eziguquguqukayo

Inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yamatafula nezihlalo eziphakeme ikhethiwe kusetshenziswa amamodeli aguquguqukayo. Izinketho ziyasebenza namuhla, lapho ibanga ukusuka phansi kuya esihlalweni lingakhiwa kabusha lisuka ku-460 liye ku-600 mm. Imvamisa, ubude be-backrest bungu-450 mm kanti ububanzi besihlalo bungu-480 mm.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi abantu abahlali njalo kuleyo fenisha ngokulinganayo futhi bavame ukushintsha ukuma kwemizimba yabo, amamodeli afakwa ngohlelo lokusekela oluzinzile (olungcono kunolwentambo emihlanu). Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, ububanzi bokusekelwa okuyindilinga kufanele okungenani kube ngu-700 mm. Ukuhamba kuqinisekiswa ngamasondo, ukuqina kwawo kuncike ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe.

Isici samamodeli anamhlanje alawulwayo ukujwayela kwawo kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi owenziwa ngabantu. Lokhu kungaba: kwezokwelapha (kwesiguli noma kukadokotela), ihhovisi, izingane, ikhishi, indawo yokuphuzela utshwala, idizayini yokuqala noma isihlalo samathambo.

Indawo yokuphuzela utshwala

Ukuphakama kwesitulo sebha akulingani namazinga ajwayelekile. Okokuqala, kucatshangelwa ubukhulu bemishini yokudlela nefenisha. Ukuphakama kwamamodeli kungahluka kusuka ku-750 kuye ku-850 mm, ububanzi okungenani bungu-460, futhi ukujula okungenani kungu-320. Irediyasi enyakazayo yezinguqulo ezijwayelekile ingama-450 mm, kanti eyamalambu - 220.

Njengoba imilenze ingafiki phansi lapho ihleli esihlalweni esiphakeme, kudalelwa izimo zokuncinza imithambo yabesifazane kanye nemithambo. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube yinto engadingekile ukuba nenye i-footrest eyengeziwe esihlalweni esinjalo sokusekelwa.

Isilinganiso sobukhulu besihlalo netafula eliseduze nebha limi kanje: ngobude betafula obungu-90 cm, isihlalo sesihlalo singama-65 cm ukusuka phansi.

Amamodeli wezingane

Ukukhethwa okulungile kwezihlalo zezingane kufanele futhi kwenziwe ngokwemithetho:

1. Ezinganeni kuze kube imitha elilodwa ubude, ukuphakama kwetafula kufanele kube ngu-340-400 mm, ukuphakama kwesihlalo - 180-220.
2. Kumfundi oneminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala onobude obungu-110-120 cm, kunconywa isihlalo esinobude obungu-32 cm, kanti netafula, kufaka phakathi itafula lokudlela, lingu-52 cm.
3. Izingane ezindala (121-130 cm) zidinga ukuphakama kwetafula okungama-57 cm nesihlalo - 35 cm. Ukuphakama kusuka ku-131 kuya ku-160 cm, itafula 58-64 cm, isihlalo - 34-38 kufanelekile.

Kwabasha abanokuphakama okude, kunconywa ukuthenga itafula kusuka ku-70-76 cm nesihlalo kusuka ku-42-46 cm.

Lapho ukhetha isihlalo somfundi, kufanele ucabangele amamodeli alandelayo:

• ukubhala;
• ikhompyutha;
• i-orthopedic yamadolo (njengohlobo - olunamandla).

Bangakwazi ukuba nendawo yokubeka izingalo, noma kunjalo, odokotela bamathambo abayibheki le nketho njengelungile ngokomzimba.

Ungabakhetha kanjani ubukhulu obulungile

Uma udinga izihlalo zomndeni, amamodeli akhethwa ngobude obumaphakathi, kubalwa kucatshangelwa wonke amalungu awo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinhloso ezithile, kungcono ukhethe okukodwa. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina ukuma okufanele, ungakhathali ngesikhathi sokuhlala phansi, futhi uzizwe ukhululekile futhi uphephile esihlalweni. Ukukhetha ukuphakama komuntu ngamunye kwenziwa ngokwendlela elandelayo: phindaphinda ukuphakama komuntu ngokuphakama kwetafula bese uhlukanisa ngo-165. Kusuka kwinombolo evelayo, udinga ukukhipha u-40-45 cm (umuntu omude kunabo bonke, usondela ku-45). Lokhu kuzoba ukuphakama kwesihlalo esifanele.

Isibonelo, ngobude obungu-174 cm nokuphakama kwetafula okuyi-75 cm, ukuphakama kwesihlalo esidingekayo kufanele kube cishe ngama-39 cm.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo isilinganiso esifanele sokuphakama kwetafula nesihlalo. Namuhla, kuvame ukwenziwa amatafula anobude obungu-72-78 cm.Ngasikhathi sinye, isihlalo esijwayelekile saso sinokuphakama okungama-40-45 cm.Uma isitulo sinemilenze ephakeme, kufanele kube khona ukusekelwa ngaphansi kwezinyawo.

Ukuze kube lula ukuhlala, izindaba zezihlalo zijule - ibanga ukusuka emaphethelweni angaphandle kuze kufike lapho kuhlangana khona umhlane. Imvamisa le parameter ichazwa kanjena: amakota amathathu obude bethanga + amasentimitha ambalwa okuvunyelwa (phakathi kwesihlalo sangaphambili nendawo yangemuva ye-popliteal). Ukujula kwesihlalo okujwayelekile kungu-360-450 mm, kanti leso sihlalo sifinyelela ku-500 mm. Izihlalo zezingane zinokujula okungama-200-240 mm (kwabasenkulisa) kanye no-270-360 mm (wezingane ezifunda isikole).

Ukuphakama emuva ibanga elisuka esihlalweni liye ephuzwini ezingeni lomkhawulo ongezansi wensimbi yehlombe. Ukuxhaswa kwe-lumbar kuzosebenza uma kufakwa ezingeni le-vertebra ye-lumbar yesi-5. Njengoba ukutsheka kwe-backrest kukhuphuka, ukuphakama kwayo kuyancipha.

Izihlalo ziyifenisha okudlula kuyo ingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yanoma yimuphi umuntu. Ukukhetha okulungile kubaluleke kakhulu. Iziphukuphuku ezingathandeki azilethi ukungakhululeki kuphela, kodwa futhi zilimaza impilo, zibangele ubuhlungu emhlane, entanyeni, emilenzeni.

Bukela ividiyo: Isithunywa (Juni 2024).