"Umuthi webhodlela" - i-jatropha: isithombe, incazelo yezinhlobo, izincomo zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya

I-jatropha enhle futhi engathobeki enomsoco iyisitshalo esimangalisayo esiyingqayizivele. Ihlobisa izindawo zokuhlala futhi yethula izambulela zezimbali ezincane zobuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa. Elinye igama lesitshalo, ibhodlela noma isihlahla se-coral, linikezwa ngenxa yesiqu esijiyile, esifana nesimo sebhodlela.

Kule ndatshana, ungathola imininingwane ngezinhlobo zezitshalo ezithandwayo, bheka izithombe zazo, ufunde ngokukhiqiza kabusha, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali, ubungozi okuvezwa kulo lo mnandi (izifo nezinambuzane).

Yini?

IJatropha ingeyomndeni we-euphorbia... Igama livela "Jartys" futhi "tropha", okusho ngokwezwi nezwi ukudla okwelapha. Isiqu sesitshalo siyefana nebhodlela; uma sonakalisiwe, sikhipha ubisi olunoshevu olunobisi. Ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, i-jatropha isihlahlana, isihlahla noma imbiza engapheli. Indawo yokuhlala yase-Afrika naseMelika.

Ebusika, wonke amaqabunga awela esiqwini, avuselelwa entwasahlobo ngezimbali ezincane eziqoqwe esambuleni. Amaqabunga abanzi anezicucu ezinde aqhamuka ngemuva kombala, afinyelela kubude obungu-20 cm. Lesi sitshalo sitshalwa ezingadini zezitshalo noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kanti lolu hlobo lubiza imbiza yezimbali yasekhaya, ngakho-ke akuyona indawo ehlala njalo emafulethini.

Izinhlobo ezidumile, incazelo yazo nezithombe

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zejatropha zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-170, zazo ezimbili kuphela ezisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa ezimeni zasendlini. Ubisi lobisi lufihlwa kuphela esiqwini, yize zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinobuthi. Njenge-bonsai, lezi zitshalo zidonsela ukunakekela kunoma yiliphi igumbi.

I-Spicata (jatropha spicata)

Lesi sitshalo isihlahla esomile semi esomile esineziqu ezinama-semi-Woodyeziqhubeka iminyaka eminingana. Amagatsha afinyelela ku-0.5-2 m ukuphakama, ekhula kusuka endaweni enesisindo, ecishe ibe nesifo sofuba. Lesi sitshalo kwesinye isikhathi sivunwa endle ukuze sisetshenziselwe ukwelashwa kwasendaweni. Emvelweni wayo wemvelo, itholakala e-Afrika: Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Zimbabwe, ingxenye esenyakatho yezwekazi. Lesi sitshalo sisakazeka ngembewu.

IMultifida

Itholakala ngesimo sesihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esinomqhele ovulekile, osakazekayo noma isihlahlana, singakhula size sifike ku-6 m ukuphakama futhi, ngokuqukethwe okuhlobisa, sifike ku-2-3 m. Sitshalwe ukuze kutholakale uwoyela nokulungisa izingxube kuso.

Ivela Ezweni Elidala, lapho yayisetshenziswa khona njengothango. I-inflorescence ebomvu ifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwezimbali zezimbali ezinhle. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinobuthi. Endle, isakazeka eCaribbean: iTrinidad eCuba, eNingizimu Melika - eMexico.

Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanya kwelanga okugcwele noma umthunzi oyingxenye emhlabathini owenziwe kahle... Ibekezelela ngokulingene isomiso. IJatropha multifrida ikhiqiza izimbali unyaka wonke, ikakhulukazi lapho kushisa.

I-Curcas (i-jatropha curcas)

Olunye uhlobo oluyingqayizivele alutholakali ngokutholakala - iJatropha kurkas; Abalimi babiza umuthi iBarbados. Isitshalo esinesiqu esinamandla esifinyelela ku-4 m ukuphakama futhi simbozwe ngokulingene ngamaqabunga amile okweqanda ombala oluhlaza okhanyayo, ubukhulu bawo obungaba ngamasentimitha ayisithupha noma u-40 cm ububanzi esitshalweni esisodwa. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zangaphambilini, ama-kurkas aqhakaza anezambulela eziphuzi eziphuzi nezimbali zesilisa ezizodwa.

Inkomba! Izinhlobo ezindala zikhulu impela, njengesihlahla esidumile se-rustic esivela eChigodore eMozambiki ngobude obedlula u-6 m.

Isihlahla sezinhloso eziningi esinokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kakhulu, kutshalwa ezindaweni ezishisayo njengokudla, isitshalo esingumuthi, uthango, i-biofuel namafutha embewu. Impova yizinambuzane. Ilahlekelwa amaqabunga ngezikhathi ezomile. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinobuthi obedlulele.

Gouty

Ummeleli othandwa kakhulu yi-gouty jatropha, noma i-gout.... Kubukeka sengathi yisiqu esimise okwebhodlela esingamasentimitha angama-70, esibhincwe phezulu esinqeni esinezisiki ezingamasentimitha angama-20, esinamathiselwe emapuletini amaqabunga cishe enkabeni. Isimo samaqabunga siyindilinga futhi sifinyelela ku-20 cm ububanzi, ngokufana ngohlaka namaqabunga omkhiwane.

Umbala wemifino uyashintsha ngeminyaka: kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo okukhazimulayo kuya kumthunzi we-matte futhi okhanyayo. Ithoni emnyama eyinhloko ibuyela emaqabungeni lapho usayizi omkhulu ufinyelelwa. Ingxenye engezansi yamaqabunga nesiqu esivela ohlangothini olungezansi zimbozwe ukuqhuma okumpunga okukhanyayo.

Iqoqo lezimbali elinamandla likhula lisuka maphakathi nokukhula kwamaqabunga. Izimbali ziguqula umbala obomvu we-coral lapho ama-peduncles ekhula aze afike kubude bawo obukhulu. Njengomthetho, imbali engenaphunga ibukeka njenge-asterisk enobubanzi obuyi-1 cm.Abamele abesilisa baqhakaza usuku olulodwa kuphela, futhi abameleli besifazane baqhakaza amasonto ama-2-4, ngezikhathi ezithile beshintshwa abasha. Ngenxa yokukhishwa kwezithelo, isikhathi sokuqhakaza singafinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Izici zokunakekela

Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane kumlimi. Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, udinga ukunakekela isikhathi sokuphumula: gcina ekushiseni okungekho ngaphansi kuka-16 ° C. Iziphuzo ezisencane zidinga ukutshalwa kabusha njalo entwasahlobo, kanti abantu abadala bangagcinwa ebhodweni elilodwa kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula.

Ngomhlabathi, inhlabathi ye-peat ene-perlite noma ingxube yomhlaba ye-cacti ifanelekile... Vundisa i-jatropha ngomanyolo ofanayo ofanele i-cacti, ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokulinganisela ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, kuphela ekwindla, futhi uyeke ngokuphelele ukumanzisa kuze kuphele ubusika.

Konke onqenqemeni

Isihlahla esihle kakhulu esinamagatsha asakazekayo esingayeki ukuqhakaza ngezimbali zamakhorali, ububanzi obungu-1-1.5 cm. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela umthunzi futhi siyamelana nesomiso... Ngaphandle, lesi yisihlahla esincane noma isihlahla esisakazekayo esinamagatsha amancane, ngokwemvelo asidluli ku-3 m.

Amaqabunga makhulu, aluhlaza okotshani, izimbali zincane - ububanzi obungu-1-1.5 cm, amakhorali akhanyayo abomvu noma abomvana, kepha avela njalo ngamanani amakhulu unyaka wonke. Ingatshalwa endlini - isitshalo sizoba sincane kakhulu.

IBerlandieri

Lesi sitshalo sihlahla esifushane esinomqhele ochumayo. Kakhulu kutshalwa i-caudex. Ichitha amahlamvu ngenkathi futhi iqhakaza ngezimbali ezincane ezimibalabala. Ehlobo, izihlakala eziningi ze-oblong ezinezimbali ezibomvu kuma-pedicels amafushane zikhula ku-caudex oyindilinga noma isiqu esivuvukile. Amajikijolo aluhlaza okwe-pea aboshelwe kuwo. Abamele abade kakhulu bafinyelela ku-15 cm ukuphakama. Izinga lokushisa kufanele okungenani libe ngu-10 ° C.

Ukunakekelwa kwembali ekhaya

Ukukhanyisa nendawo

Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinelanga nezikhanyayo, zidinga ukufiphazwa. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungashisa amaqabunga. Kungcono ukubeka ama-jatrophes okuhlobisa ezimbizeni emafasiteleni asentshonalanga nasempumalanga.... Uma i-succulent ibikade ingakhanyi ngokwanele isikhathi eside, khona-ke kufanele ifundiswe ukukhanyisa kancane kancane.

Ithempelesha

Umbuso omuhle kakhulu wokushisa we-jatropha uthathwa njenge- + 18–22 ° С ehlobo kanye no-14- + 16 ° С ngezinsuku zasebusika. Ekamelweni lokushisa, ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa lula kakhulu.

Umswakama

Lesi sitshalo simelana nomswakama ophansi emoyeni. Asikho isidingo sokufafaza okwengeziwe. Kepha ukuhlanzwa okumanzi kwamashidi kusuka othulini lwe-jatroph kuzoba wusizo.

Ukunisela

Nisela isitshalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngokulinganisela. Ukunisela kwenziwa lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lwe-substrate loma... Lesi sitshalo singafa ngenxa yokubola kohlelo lwempande ngokunisela ngokweqile. Ukuphuza i-jatropha ebusika kufanele kulinganiselwe, kuyeke ngokuphelele ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo sehlile amaqabunga.

Umhlabathi

Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu wesitshalo ubhekwa njengengxube yamanzi e-turf, i-peat, isihlabathi, i-leaf humus nenhlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1: 1: 2.

Ukufakwa komanyolo nokondla

Umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe nyangazonke emhlabathini ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, ebusika kufanele ulahlwe. Umanyolo we-Cactus uthathwa njengomanyolo ofanele. Ungabathenga ezitolo zezimbali.

Dlulisa

IJatropha itshalwa kabusha eminyakeni embalwa entwasahlobo... Khetha izimbiza ezibanzi nezingajulile. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlinzeka isitshalo ngohlelo oluhle lokuhambisa amanzi ukuze kungabi khona ukumiswa kwamanzi.

Ukukhiqiza kabusha

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwejatropha kwenziwa yimbewu noma kukhula kusuka ekusikeni okusikiwe.

Imbewu

Imbewu ithengwa esitolo sezimbali noma ikhule ngokuzimela ngesitshalo esidala. Ngenketho yesibili, udinga ibhulashi kanye nokukhohlisa okulula kokudlulisa impova kusuka kuma-stamens abesilisa aphuzi kuya ezimbali zesifazane. Impova kufanele yenziwe ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuvela kwezimbali zesilisa. Imbewu evuthiwe iphonswa emabangeni amakhulu (kufika ku-1 m), ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukubopha amabhokisi nge-gauze.

Inqubo yokutshala iqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Kukhethwa ibhokisi noma ibhodwe lezithombo.
2. Umhlabathi uyalungiswa: ingxube ngesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1: 2 se-turf, peat, sand, humus of leaves and earth.
3. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emigodini engajulile, embozwe ngembiza yengilazi.
4. Isikhathi sokuhluma sithatha amasonto ayi-1-2.
5. Ngokushesha nje lapho amahlumela eqanduselwa, afakwa kabusha embizeni ehlukile ebanzi ephansi.
6. Izitshalo zivuthwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
7. Ekukhuleni, isiqu siyajiya, ekuqaleni amaqabunga aba yindilinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ajikeleza. Izimbali zokuqala kanye namaqabunga aqoshiwe avela ngonyaka olandelayo.

Izithelo

Ukuze kusatshalaliswe ngale ndlela, kukhethwe ukusikwa okunemifino emincane noma okwe-lignified. Inqubo yokuzalanisa yehliselwa ezigabeni ezilandelayo:

1. Izisiki eziqoqiwe zomisiwe.
2. Ukwelashwa nge-heteroauxin noma esinye isidakamizwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kuyenziwa.
3. Kukhethwa imbiza ebanzi ephansi.
4. Inhlanganisela yenhlabathi evela emhlabeni, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus ilungiswa ngesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1.
5. Izicucu ezilungele ukutshalwa zifakwa emhlabathini futhi ziniselwe kancane.
6. Nikeza umbuso wokushisa we-30-32 ° C.
7. Ngemuva kwenyanga, ukusika kuyaqala futhi kube nezimpande.

Ukuqhakaza

Lesi sitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza kusuka ngoMashi. Imvamisa lezi yizimbali ezincane zezimo ezahlukahlukene, ezingashadile noma eziqoqwe kwizambulela. Ukubonakala kwama-peduncles kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwamahlamvu ngemuva kokukhishwa ebusika. Uma isitshalo sigcinwa sisesimweni esihle futhi sinakekelwa kahle, singaveza izimbali unyaka wonke. Imvamisa yezimbali - minyaka yonke.

Ukunakwa! Uma isitshalo singakhiphi izimbali noma siyekile ukuqhakaza, kufanele ubheke izinga lokukhanyisa nendawo yejatropha.

Lezi yizitshalo ze-herbaceous ezithanda ukukhanya eziqhakaza lapho izinga lokushisa nokukhanya kubonakala. Uma i-jatropha iyekile ukuqhakaza ekukhanyeni okungafanele, udinga ukushintsha indawo yayo endlini. Uzizwa engcono kakhulu emafasiteleni asentshonalanga nasempumalanga.

Uma lesi sitshalo sibanda, asikwazi nje ukuyeka ukuqhakaza, kodwa sizothanda... Ukunisela kufanele kuhlolwe futhi izinga lokushisa ligcinwe izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lapho kugcinwa i-jatropha ezimeni ezinamafu, kufanele ifundiswe ukukhanyisa kancane kancane ukugwema ukushiswa yilanga.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Njengazo zonke izitshalo zasendlini, i-jatropha ingahlushwa izifo ezahlukahlukene noma izinambuzane, ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Amaqabunga esitshalo ayashintsha futhi abune lapho esetshenziselwa ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo, ngoba lokhu kufanelekile ukukufudumeza kancane.
• Lapho usuthisa ngokweqile, i-jatropha inganciphisa ukukhula, kufanele uthambise umhlabathi ngaphambi kokufaka umquba futhi ukwenze ngokulinganisela.
• Ukwehlulwa kwezimbali nge-thrips kuholela ekuweni kwazo nasekuguqukeni. Ukuze welashwe, kusetshenziselwa amanzi afudumele ukugeza izitshalo futhi ziphathwe ngesixazululo sokubulala izinambuzane.
• Lapho ihlaselwa yizicabucabu, ukubonwa okuphuzi nokuwa kwamaqabunga e-jatropha kuyabonakala. Ukufafaza isitshalo ngamanzi afudumele ezigabeni zokuqala kanye nokwelashwa kwezinambuzane zezilonda ezibanzi kuzosiza ukuziqeda.
• Izimpande zeJatropha ziyabola ngenxa yokuchelela ngokweqile, okungabhubhisa isitshalo. Kungagcinwa ngokunciphisa inani lamanzi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela.

Isiphetho

IJatropha ibhekwa njengokukhetha futhi kulula ukuyinakekela.... Ukukhulisa lokhu okumnandi kungenzeka ngisho nakubalimi be-novice. Ama-jatrophes asendle angafinyelela osayizi abahle - aze afike kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, izitshalo zisetshenziselwa imigwaqo yokuhlelwa komhlaba. Kwezokwelapha - ukudala olunye uphethiloli kusuka kuwoyela wembewu, njll. AmaHedges enziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zejatropha abukeka emvelo kakhulu futhi emuhle, kepha lesi sitshalo sisinda kuphela ezimweni zezulu ezinamazinga okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C.