Ukutshalwa kwezimali ebhizinisini (ukuqala) - izinketho ezinhle kakhulu lapho ungatshala khona imali kumtshali-zimali + izindlela ze-TOP-7 zokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi webhizinisi

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Sawubona, bafundi abathandekayo bemagazini ye-Ideas for Life! Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokutshala imali kwezamabhizinisi, ama-startup kanye namanye amaphrojekthi webhizinisi, kuphi nokuthi yiziphi izindawo zebhizinisi okungcono ukutshala imali.

Ngendlela, ubonile ukuthi idola selivele lingakanani? Qala ukwenza imali ngomehluko wamanani wokushintshana lapha!

Ngemuva kokufunda le ncwadi, uzokwazi:

Ngayo kufanele utshale imali ebhizinisini - izinzuzo nezinkinga ezinkulu;
Yiziphi izinhlobo nezindlela zokutshala imali ebhizinisini ezikhona;
Yikuphi izinkomba kulo nyaka zokutshala imali kuziqalo eRussia okungcono ukukhetha;
Ziyini izingozi zokutshalwa kwemali okunjalo nokuthi zingancishiswa kanjani.

Ekupheleni kwendatshana, uzothola izimpendulo zemibuzo ebuzwa njalo mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali ebhizinisini.

Ukushicilelwa kuzovusa intshisekelo yawo wonke umuntu okhathazekile ngezinkinga zokutshala imali ebhizinisini. Kuzoba wusizo kubo bobabili abaqalayo nalabo asebevele benolwazi ngalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali.

Yiziphi izinzuzo eziyinhloko (+) nezinkinga (-) zokutshala imali ebhizinisini, yiziphi izinhlobo nezindlela zokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi webhizinisi akhona, yiziphi izingcuphe lapho utshala imali eziqalisweni - ngalokhu hhayi ngokufunda kuphela ku

1. Kungani utshala imali ebhizinisini futhi kufanele yini ukwenze

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi kunganikeza umtshalizimali impilo enethezekile. Ukutshalwa kwemali okunjalo kukuvumela ukuthi uthole imali engenayo. Lo ngumsebenzi okuthi, uma wenziwa ngendlela efanele, udinga utshalomali oluncane lomzamo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye unikeza inzuzo ezinzile.

Iningi lezakhamizi ezihlala ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union zinombono oyiphutha mayelana nokutshalwa kwemali kwesikhathi eside okunganikeza imali ezinzile. Bakholelwa ukuthi yilabo kuphela abangabanikazi bokuqalaimali ebalulekile, amathalente athile nenhlanhla... Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamizi zethu zinesiqiniseko sokuthi ukutshala imali ebhizinisini kuyingozi, ikakhulukazi esimweni esibucayi njengamanje.

Ekugcineni iningi labantu bakithi alithathi zinyathelo ukukhulisa inhlalakahle yabo. Baphupha kuphela impilo yabo yonke ngokuthola imali enkulu ngomzamo omncane.

Empeleni ithuba lokuzimela ngokwezezimali wonke umuntu unakho... Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukushintsha ngokuphelele ukucabanga kwakho, ushintshele emkhakheni wezezimali, uyeke ukusebenzela abanye bese uqala ukuzisebenzela.

Ukutshala imali ekwakhiweni kwebhizinisi lakho akuvumeli nje kuphela ukuthola imali ezimele isikhathi nomzamo osetshenzisiwe kuyo, kepha futhi nokuzethemba ngokuzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kuvumela nemibono nezinhlelo ezibonakala zingenangqondo ukuthi zenziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni lanamuhla, ngisho nalabo abangenayo imali eningi bangaqala ukuzisebenzela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo yezomnotho esigabeni sokuqala hhayi kuyadingeka, ngoba emhlabeni wanamuhla ungathola inani elikhulu lezindawo zokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi, ezingahlobene nomnotho.

2. Ubuhle nobubi bokutshala imali ebhizinisini 📑

Inqubo yokutshalwa kwemali ihlala ihambisana nobungozi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi ngalo mqondo akuhlukile. Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi, ukutshalwa kwezimali okunjalo kunezinzuzo nezinkinga zazo.

2.1. Izinzuzo (+) zokutshala imali ebhizinisini

Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezinkulu zokutshala imali yezimali ebhizinisini, Okulandelayo:

Umtshalizimali uthola ithuba lokuthonya imisebenzi yenhlanganokanye nezinqumo ezenziwe ngabaphathi. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba ngumtshali zimali othatha ukuphathwa kwenkampani. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphathwa okunekhono kukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ibhizinisi futhi wandise inzuzo yalo. Ekugcineni, izinga lembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwemali nalo liyakhuphuka.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi kwehlukaniswa yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindlela nezinkomba zokutshalwa kwemali. Ungatshala imali ezinkampanini ezibandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla, unikeze noma yiziphi izinsizakalo - ukukhetha kukhulu impela.
Ithuba lokuba ngumtshalizimali onemali encane... Esigabeni sokuqala, akudingekile ukuthi utshale izizumbulu zemali. Kwanele ukuthenga ingxenye encane yenkampani. Uma utshalomali luphumelele, ngemuva kwalokho ungathenga amasheya abanye.
Uma utshalomali lwebhizinisi lubhekwa njengomsebenzi wokuthola imali, zihlukaniswa ngokulula nokutholakala... Umtshalizimali akudingeki ukuthi abe nemithwalo yolwazi.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi kungenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zotshalomali lapho izimpahla zinefomu langempela... Umphumela wemisebenzi yokutshala imali ungabonakala ezimpahleni zenkampani.
Ukutshala imali kwezamabhizinisi, umtshalizimali angakhetha inkampani esebenza endaweni ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi ayijwayele.
Imali engenayo evela ekutshalweni okunjalo esikhathini eside ayinqunyelwe yinoma yini. Ngokuziphatha okulungile kwebhizinisi kanye nokufezekiswa kwesikhundla esiphambili yinkampani, kunamathuba onke okuthola inzuzo yanyanga zonke ezingeni elingaphezulu kwe-100%. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho ikhula kangcono inkampani lapho izimali ezitshaliwe ikhula khona, izinga lomholo wabatshalizimali lizoba phezulu.

2.2. Nebubi (-) utshalomali lwebhizinisi

Ngaphandle kwenani elibalulekile lezinzuzo zokutshala imali ebhizinisini, lolu hlobo lotshalo-mali lunezinkinga eziningi:

Ukutshalwa kwemali ebhizinisini kuhambisana nengozi enkulu yokulahlekelwa yimali... Ngendlela engafanele yokutshalwa kwezimali, ungalahlekelwa yingxenye kuphela, kepha yonke imali oyitshalile.
Imikhawulo yezomthetho... Ezinye izinhlobo zomsebenzi wezamabhizinisi zikhawulelwe kakhulu yizenzo zomthetho, zokulawula nezinye izinhlaka zombuso. Inkohlakalo ithuthukiswe kakhulu ezweni lethu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ubhekele lokhu kusilela.
Ukuthuthuka okungalindelekile kwemicimbi... Umsebenzi webhizinisi awuhambeli ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kunqunywa khona abanikazi nabatshalizimali. Kunobungozi bokuthi imicimbi enjalo izokwenzeka kungalindelekile futhi inikeze utshalomali lungasebenzi.
Endabeni yokutshalwa kwezimali ngokulingana ebhizinisini, kunamathuba okungezwani. Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabatshalizimali, futhi behluleka ukuvumelana, omunye wabo anganquma ukuphuma ebhizinisini, athathe izimali zakhe. Lokhu kuzophazamisa nakanjani inzuzo yephrojekthi.
Uma usebenzisa inketho yokutshala imali esebenzayo, uzodinga ulwazi oluthile kanye nesipiliyoni. Kulokhu, umtshalizimali uzoba nethuba lokukhulisa imali engenayo.
Imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwebhizinisi ngokuvamile ayizinzile. Inzuzo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ingahluka kakhulu, iguquke ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto eziningi. Ngokunikwa izimo ezifanayo zokuqala, amafemu ahlukene angaletha izimbuyiselo ezihlukile kumtshalizimali. Lapho utshala imali ebhizinisini, kufanele ufunde njalo imakethe futhi uzivumelanise nayo. Le ukuphela kwendlela yokuthola inzuzo enkulu.
Iminikelo eyengeziwe yemali ivame ukudingeka. Uma ungatshali imali eyengeziwe ebhizinisini ngesikhathi esithile, ungathola ukwehla okuphawulekayo enzuzweni yotshalo-mali olwedlule.
Inzuzo ngeke ize ngokushesha. Njengoba ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuqaleni kungokwesikhathi eside, uzothola imali engenayo ngemuva kwesikhathi eside impela.

Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali ebhizinisini kunezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Kubalulekile ukuwakhumbula futhi ukubabhekele kwinqubo yokutshala imali.

Ukwehlukaniswa kokutshalwa kwemali kwebhizinisi ngezimpawu

3. Ukuhlukaniswa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi nezinhlobo zazo 📊

Ngaphandle kokuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi kubonakala kulula ngokwanele, kwehluke kakhulu, uhlobo ngalunye lunama-nuances alo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuwahlukanisa.

Lokhu kungenziwa ngezizathu eziningana:

Isici 1. Ngobunikazi

Ngobunikazi, bahlukanisa phakathi kokutshalwa kwezimali okwabo nakwebhizinisi lomunye umuntu.

Uma umtshali-zimali ekuqaleni enemali eyanele, kanye nolwazi, isipiliyoni, futhi efuna ukuzisebenzela, ungatshala imali ekwakheni ibhizinisi lakho. Abatshalizimali abaningi babheka le nketho njengethakazelisa kakhulu.

Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lotshalo-mali yilezi:

ithuba lokugcwaliseka;
inzuzo ephezulu ekutshalweni kwemali.

Kukhona okubi ngokutshala imali ebhizinisini lakho.

Phakathi kwazo kukhona okulandelayo:

izinga eliphezulu lobungozi, ngoba akulula ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi lapho kwakhiwa ibhizinisi;
isidingo sokuba nolwazi namakhono athile;
kuzodingeka kuphela ukutshalwa kwezimali ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphawulekayo kwesikhathi nokuzikhandla;
utshalomali olukhulu lokuqala.

Ngokuqondene nokutshala imali ebhizinisini lomunye umuntu, le ndlela ilula kakhulu. Kulokhu, awudingi ukubhekana nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zenhlangano. Ngemuva kokutshala imali, ongoti uqobo bazobhekana nomsebenzi: bawusebenzise futhi bawukhuthaze.

Isici 2. Ngenani lotshalo-mali

Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa utshalomali ebhizinisini ngevolumu (isabelo) sokutshalwa kwemali.

Kulokhu, kukhona:

Ukuxhaswa ngokugcwele kwemisebenzi. Kulokhu, umthwalo wezezimali uwela ngokuphelele kumtshali-zimali oyedwa. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okunjalo kuvame ukutholakala esimweni sokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi lakho.
Ukuxhaswa ngokwezimali okuyingxenye, okungabizwa futhi ngokubamba iqhaza kokulingana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali ezitholwe kubatshalizimali ziyingxenye kuphela yenhlokodolobha yenkampani eyakhiwe.

Isici 3. Ngesigaba sokutshala imali

Ungahlukanisa utshalomali ebhizinisini nangesikhathi lapho kutshalwa khona imali:

Ukutshala imali kuziqalo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kokuqala komsebenzi... Kulokhu, kukhona umbono, ukuthuthukiswa okuhleliwe ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa izimali ezitholwe kubatshalizimali.
Ukutshalwa kwemali kumaphrojekthi akhona. Imvamisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi kudinga imali eyengeziwe eheha kubatshalizimali. Kulokhu, inkampani isivele ikhona, yenza uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi, inamakhasimende ayo, futhi iletha inzuzo ethile.

Isici 4. Ngokwendlela yenzuzo etholakele

Ngalesi sisekelo, umuntu angahlukanisa iyasebenza futhi ukwenziwa imali engenayo... Esimweni sokuqala, umtshalizimali uvame ukusebenza njengenhloko yenkampani. Ngemali engenayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi kudluliselwa ehlombe lomphathi oqashiwe.

Isici 5. Ngohlobo

Ngohlobo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi kungaba Qondile futhi iphothifoliyo.

Ukutshalwa kwemali okuqondile kungukutshalwa kwemali ezimpahleni zenkampani ethile.
Uma kwenzeka ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephothifoliyo, imali eyinhloko yabatshalizimali isatshalaliswa phakathi kwamasheya ezinhlangano eziningana. Kulokhu, ukuhlanganiswa kwamasheya atholakalayo ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene kubizwa ngephothifoliyo.

Ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kokuthola kalula kufingqiwe etafuleni:

Imfanelo yesigaba	Izinhlobo zotshalo-mali lwebhizinisi
1. Ngobunikazi	Ukutshala ibhizinisi lakho
1. Ngobunikazi	Ukutshalwa kwezimali ebhizinisini lomunye umuntu
2. Ngenani lotshalo-mali	Ukuxhaswa ngokugcwele
2. Ngenani lotshalo-mali	Ukubamba iqhaza kwezimali ebhizinisini
3. Ngu esigabeni utshalomali	Ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuqaleni
3. Ngu esigabeni utshalomali	Ukutshalwa kwemali kumaphrojekthi akhona
4. Ngokwendlela yenzuzo etholakele	Ukutshalwa kwemali okusebenzayo
4. Ngokwendlela yenzuzo etholakele	Ukutshalwa kwemali okwenziwa nje
5. Ngokubukeka	Ngqo
5. Ngokubukeka	Iphothifoliyo

Ngakho-ke, kunezinombolo eziningi kakhulu zezinhlobo zokutshalwa kwemali, ezihlukaniswa ngokwemigomo ehlukile.

Izindlela ezithandwayo zokutshala imali (ukungena) kumaphrojekthi webhizinisi

Izindlela eziyinhloko ezingu-4.7 zokutshala imali ebhizinisini 💰

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ungatshala imali kuphela ebhizinisini lakho. Kodwa-ke, kunenombolo enkulu yezinketho zokutshalwa kwemali okunjalo, ezahlukile ezingeni lokubamba iqhaza kwabatshalizimali, inani elidingekayo neminye imingcele.

Ngezansi kunezindlela eziyisi-7 eziyinhloko zokutshala imali ebhizinisini:

Indlela 1. Ungumnikazi webhizinisi

Le ndlela imvamisa iba eyokuqala ukucabanga ngalabo abezwa umqondo utshalomali lwebhizinisi.

Usebenzisa le nketho yokutshala imali, kuzodingeka ukuthi utshale imali kwimisebenzi hhayi imali kuphela, kepha futhi nemizamo yakho nesikhathi. Lokho wukuthi, le ndlela yokutshala imali iyinzuzo esebenzayo.

Imbuyiselo yotshalo-mali ayiqali ngokushesha. Kepha kukhona ukuhlanganisa okuphawulekayo kumtshali-zimali - yonke inzuzo izoba ngeyakhe ngokuphelele.

Abantu abaningi baphupha ngamabhizinisi abo. Kepha kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukuyihola futhi ayithuthukise. Udinga ukutshala imali lapha umphefumulo, isipiliyoni nolwazi, funda okuningi.

Indlela 2. Ukuhlanganyela ngokulingana ebhizinisini

Le nketho yokutshala imali nokuqala ibhizinisi ingenye yezintandokazi kakhulu. Iningi lezinkampani ezihola phambili emhlabeni selivele ngenxa yale ndlela.

Ukuthandwa kwale ndlela yokutshala imali kubangelwa ukuthi akusiwo wonke umuntu onemali ongakwazi ukuqhuba ibhizinisi yedwa.
Imvamisa kuvela kanjena: umlingani oyedwa unikela cishe yonke imali edingekayo, omunye ulawula inkampani.

Imvamisa izinga lethonya kanye nenzuzo kwabelwane phakathi kwabalingani ngokuya ngamasheya ebhizinisi aphethwe yibo. Ngakho-ke ukuze kungabi khona ukungaboni ngaso linye ngokuzayo, kuyalulekwa ukusho yonke imibandela yokuxhumana ngokushesha bese uyilungisa esivumelwaneni sokubamba iqhaza kwezemali.

Indlela 3. Ukutshala imali ekuqaleni

Kulokhu, kutshalwa imali kumaphrojekthi amasha. Imvamisa, esigabeni sokutshala imali, kunombono kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, lowo owayithuthukisa akanamali yokusebenzisa.

Kuyini ukuqala, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona, njalonjalo, sibhale ku-athikili ehlukile.

Umtshalizimali, utshala imali kuphrojekthi, uthatha zonke izingozi zokuqaliswa kwayo. Ngalesi sizathu, uzithathela inzuzo eningi (imvamisa kuze kufike ku-90%). Umbhali wephrojekthi uyiqondisa ngqo.

Le ndlela yokutshala imali ihlotshaniswa nobungozi obukhulu. Esigabeni sokudala, awukwazi ukubikezela ukuthi imakethe izosabela kanjani kumkhiqizo omusha. Iphrojekthi ingaletha inzuzo enkulu, noma ingahluleka.

Indlela 4. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kumasheya

Izindlela ezedlule zimelela ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile ezinkampanini. Ukuthengwa kwamasheya kungukutshalwa kwemali ngomxhumanisi, okusho ukushintshaniswa.

Isabelo yisibambiso esiqinisekisa ilungelo lomtshali-zimali lokuthola ingxenye encane yenkampani.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza imali ngamaphromoshini:

imisebenzi yokuqagela - ukuthenga ngentengo ephansi, ukuthengisa - ngentengo ephezulu (Sibhale ngokuningiliziwe ngomdlalo ekuthengisweni kwesitoko kwenye impahla);
lapho ulindele ukuwa kwenani lesabelo, kufanele uboleke kumthengisi, bese uyathengisa, lapho intengo yehla, thenga bese ubuyisa isikweletu. Umehluko kunani lenza inzuzo;
bathola izabelo kumasheya minyaka yonke noma ngekota (kwesinye isikhathi usayizi wabo mncane kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi abakhokhelwa nhlobo).

Abaninimasheya bangabamba iqhaza emihlanganweni yabaninimasheya. Uma inani lamasheya likhulu, abatshalizimali bangathonya indlela inhlangano esebenza ngayo. Kodwa-ke, imvamisa bathola kuphela imali engenayo.

Amanani aphansi kakhulu amasheya ezinkampani ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, izinga lobungozi elibandakanyekile ekuzithengeni liphezulu kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga noma yikuphi ukuphepha, umtshali-zimali kufanele afunde ngokucophelela isimo sezezimali nezitatimende zenhlangano.

Abathengisi abaningi abaphumelelayo benza imali ngamasheya nakwezinye izinsimbi zezezimali ngalo broker.

Indlela 5. Ukuthenga amabhondi

Amabhondi yizibambiso ezifakazela ukuthi umthengi uboleke imali enkampanini. Okusho ukuthi, kuleli cala, umtshali-zimali unikeza inkampani imali mboleko ekhethekile.

Amabhondi yizibambiso izinga lobungozi eliphansi kunamasheya. Ungazenzela imali ngokucabanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona isivuno sesibopho saphakade - isigqebhezana.

Njengoba lokhu kuvikeleka kuyizibambiso zesikweletu, kubhekwa njengokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Ngisho nabanikazi bamabond block amakhulu abanalo ilungelo lokugxambukela ekuphathweni kwenkampani, bangathola kuphela imali yabo enikezwe esikweletini.

Ubungozi bebhondi ilele ekutheni kungenzeka kwabo okuzenzakalelayo... Kuphezulu, kuphakama isivuno sekhuphoni kubo.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinkampani abantu abambalwa abazethembayo zandisa isivuno sesigqebhezana kumabhondi ukuze zikhange imali eningi.

Indlela 6. izimali ezihlangene

Le ndlela ikude kakhulu nokutshalwa kwezimali okuhlobene nokuqondile. Izimali mutual ziyisethi ethile yezimpahla ezahlukahlukene: izibambiso, ingcebo, kancane kangako - izimpahla zezimali ezahlukahlukene nezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Umtshalizimali uthola ingxenye esikhwameni. Uzinqumela ngokuzimela ukuthi angahlukanisa kanjani izingozi nokuthi angatshala kuphi imali.

Ububi obukhulu bezimali ukuthembela okukhulu ezinhlekeleleni zemakethe yokushintshana. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwehlukaniswa okukhulu kwezimpahla ngeke kusize. Futhi, ungathola imali ngokuthenga amasheya kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula kwemakethe.

Ubuhle bokutshalwa kwemali okunjalo ukudlula nje. Umtshalizimali akadingi kwenza lutho, abaphathi bezikhwama ezihlanganyelwe bayamsebenzela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awekho amakhomishini. Yonke inzuzo nokulahleka kwenziwa ngomehluko wentengo yesabelo.

Indlela 7. Izimali zothango

Emazweni we-CIS, ithuluzi elinjalo lisasatshalaliswa kabi. Eqinisweni, ziyefana nezimali ezihlanganyelwe, kepha zingathola inzuzo ngokuqagela kwezokuphepha, nangendlela yamakhuphoni nezabelo. Ngakho-ke, bangenza imali engenayo ngezikhathi zokwehla kwemakethe.

Abatshalizimali abakhulu kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kulolu hlobo lotshalo-mali. Kuqala Ukungena Kwesikhwama SeHedge kusuka ku-100 (ikhulu) lama-dollar ayizinkulungwane.

Ngakho-ke, kunezindlela eziyisi-7 eziyinhloko zokutshala imali ebhizinisini. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka kabanzi, lonke utshalomali kungekudala lungena ebhizinisini.

Izinkomba zezihloko zokutshala imali kuma-startups ngo-2020 eRussia, lapho ungatshala khona imali ngokunenzuzo

5. Ukutshala imali ekuqaleni - TOP-13 izinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zango-2020 eRussia, lapho ungatshala khona imali 💎

Imakethe yokuqala eRussia iya ngokuya ngokuya yanda, ivolumu yokutshalwa kwemali kuyo ikhula minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke, kuwo wonke umuntu onqume ukutshala imali yakhe ebhizinisini, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zokuqalisa ezibhekwa njengezidingeka kakhulu.

Izinkomba zokutshalwa kwemali zanda kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini eside, abaholi abaguquki. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaphrojekthi we-IT (ibhizinisi kwi-Intanethi), kanye namabhizinisi amancane, kufaka phakathi elinye elenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-franchise (Sibhale encwadini ehlukile ngokuningiliziwe futhi ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yini i-franchise ngamagama alula).

Umkhakha wezamandla usilela emuva ngemuva kokwenyuka kotshalomali. Amanani kawoyela awazinzile, abantu banaka kakhulu imvelo. Ngakho-ke, emkhakheni wezamandla, okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabatshalizimali ngamaphrojekthi ahlobene nokudalwa eminye imithombo yamandla emvelo.

Ake sithole ukuthi iziphi izinkomba zokutshala imali esiqalisweni ezithandwa kakhulu okwamanje. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi yibo abazogcina izikhundla zabo zokuhola eminyakeni emi-5 ezayo.

1) izinkomba eziyi-8 ku-IT

Umkhakha we-IT umelwe inani elikhulu ngokwanele lezindawo ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuqondiswa 1. Amarobhothi

Abasunguli nabatshalizimali bachitha isikhathi esiningi nemali enkulu ukufeza ukulawula okuphelele kuzinqubo besebenzisa irimothi, ngokwesibonelo, embonini.

Okomphakathi kungenye indawo ethandwayo yamarobhothi. Ngalo mqondo, amarobhothi enzelwe ukusiza abantu abakhubazekile, kanye nokwenza uhlelo lokuvuselelwa kwabo.

Ukuqondiswa 2. Izinhlelo zamaphrinta we-3D

Eminyakeni yamuva, 3D iphrinta isibe intuthuko embonini. Kungakho, okwamanje, umsebenzi wokwenza izinhlelo ezizoqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kakhulu kwalobu buchwepheshe ubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuqondiswa 3. Amagajethi ezempilo

Lokhu kubhekisela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingafakwa kumadivayisi eselula bese uziguqula zibe udokotela noma umqeqeshi, kanye nesazi sokudla. Namuhla, ukutshalwa kwemali kumaphrojekthi anjalo kuphakathi kokuthandwa kakhulu kuzingxenyekazi zokubuyiselwa kwemali kwabantu abaningi.

Mayelana nokutshalwa kwezinkumbi zabantu, ukubuyisa imali - kuyini, amapulatifomu okubuyiselwa imali nokunye, sabhala ku-athikili ehlukile.

Ochwepheshe bathi amaphrojekthi anjalo azoba ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu ngokuzayo. Akekho noyedwa umuntu ongakwenza ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezenziwe ngosizo lwabo.

Isiqondisi 4. Isitoreji samafu

Ochwepheshe bathi eminyakeni ezayo, inzalo yabatshalizimali kubuchwepheshe bamafu izoqhubeka, kanye namathuba okugcina imininingwane emikhulu edingekayo. Endaweni yokuqala manje kubekwa phambili hhayi kube lula kangako kanye ne-interface enembile njengokuphepha kwedatha elandiwe.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lowo ongathuthukisa uhlelo oluyimfihlo kakhulu lwemininingwane uzonqoba kalula imakethe yalobu buchwepheshe.

Ukuqondiswa 5. Idatha Enkulu

Amaphrojekthi ahlobene nokwenziwa kwezinhlelo ezihloselwe ukugcinwa, kanye nokusebenza ngamanani amakhulu wolwazi, zihlala zithandwa.

Abathengisi bebelokhu futhi bengabathengi abakhulu bemikhiqizo enjalo.

Ukuqondiswa 6. Ukufunda amabanga

Le ndawo yokutshalwa kwemali ibhekwa njengenye ethembisa kakhulu. Izinhlelo ezivumela ukuthola imfundo yamabanga zithola ukuthandwa okukhulu namuhla.

Isidingo sezinsizakalo ezinjalo sisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezinjalo kuzoqhubeka kungekudala, okusho ukuthi kuzoba nenzuzo ukutshala imali kumaphrojekthi anjalo.

Ukuqondiswa 7. Izicelo zezingane zentuthuko

Yonke ingane inamadivayisi eselula emhlabeni wanamuhla. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezithokozisayo ezikuvumela ukuthi uzifunde ngemodi yomdlalo. Amaphrojekthi anjalo anentshisekelo enkulu kubatshalizimali.

Ukuqondiswa 8. Ukubonisana ngomakhalekhukhwini

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenza impilo ibe lula kuwo wonke umuntu, zibasize ukuphatha ngempumelelo ukungena kwemali, isikhathi, imfundo nezinye izindaba ezibalulekile. Namuhla izinhlelo ezinjalo zithandwa kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinombolo eziningi zezicelo ezinjalo emakethe. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukuqala kuzodingeka ukuthi kuzame ukuthola umkhiqizo ohlukile ngempela.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinketho, ungadala izinhlelo ezizotholakala endaweni yangakini, ngokwesibonelo, ezifanele izakhamuzi zedolobha elithile noma indawo yedolobha elikhulu.

Izindawo zokutshala imali kumabhizinisi amancane

2) izinkomba ezi-5 kwezamabhizinisi amancane

Iziqalo ezithandwa kakhulu azikho emkhakheni we-IT kuphela, kodwa nasemabhizinisini amancane. Okufanele kakhulu kuxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.

Ukuqondiswa 1. Ukusingathwa kwemfucuza

Izitayela zemvelo zigcwele yonke indawo yempilo. Ngakho-ke, imibuzo ephathelene nokusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemfucuza ifanele kakhulu kubantu abaningi namuhla.

Ukuthola imali akulukhuni kulezi ziqalo. Imishini nemishini edingekayo ingaboleka noma iqashiswe. Sibhale ngokuqashisa endabeni yethu edlule. Futhi, izinhlelo ezinjalo azihehi izintshisekelo kuphela abatshalizimali abazimelekepha futhi kwehlukile izakhiwo zombuso.

Ukuqondiswa 2. Ukuqeqeshelwa ukusebenza kukhompyutha

Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ezivumela abantu ukuthi bafunde ukuhlela, ukudala amawebhusayithi nokugqwayiza, kanye nokuhlela amavidiyo, ukusebenza nezithombe kuyimisebenzi ethembisayo.

Ukuqondiswa 3. Ukukhipha umsebenzi

Noma imuphi umuntu osafisa ukuba ngusomabhizinisi uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwezinkampani ezikhipha umsebenzi Amafemu anjalo angonga inani elithile lemali futhi ngasikhathi sinye athole insizakalo esezingeni.

Kungakho ochwepheshe abaningi bekukholelwa lokho ukukhishwa kwemisebenziIngabe inkomba yekusasa.

Ukuqondiswa 4. Abahumushi bokuqukethwe

Ekumaketheni namuhla, imininingwane enikeziwe ibaluleke kakhulu. Inani elikhulu lokuqukethwe lithathwa kumasayithi ahlukahlukene aphesheya.

Ngakho-ke, abaqalayo bakholelwa ukuthi izinkampani zokuhumusha okuqukethwe zingenye yezindawo ezithembisayo zentuthuko.

Imisebenzi enjalo izodingeka kakhulu emkhakheni wezentengiso ze-Intanethi.

Ukuqondiswa 5. Amaphrojekthi wokuhlola

Isevisi enjalo ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kwayo ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kwenza kube lula ukukhiphela emakethe kuphela leyo mikhiqizo enokuncintisana. Ngenxa yalokhu, vele ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi, osomabhizinisi abasafufusa bangonga inani elikhulu lotshalo-mali lwabo.

Ngakho-ke, kunezindawo eziningana ezithembisayo zokutshala imali ekuqaleni. Noma yimuphi umtshali-zimali kufanele aqondiswe ngolwazi nezintandokazi zakhe, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba nomqondo ngezindawo ezihlelelwe ukuxhaswa.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi wokuqalisa

6. Ukutshala imali kumaphrojekthi webhizinisi - izindlela ezi-5 eziyinhloko zokutshala imali kuzinto zokuqala 📝

Lapho ethatha isinqumo sokutshala imali ekuqaleni, umtshali-zimali kufanele anqume ukuthi uzokwenza kanjani.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala imali ekuqaleni:

Indlela 1. Ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zokutshala imali

Le ndlela ilungele abaqalayo. Ngamapulatifomu anjalo, ungasabalalisa imali ephakathi kwamaphrojekthi amaningi, utshale imali encane kulowo nalowo kuwo. Le nketho izosiza umtshalizimali we-novice ukuthi athole ulwazi lokuqala nolwazi.

Ukwenza inzuzo ngokutshala imali okunjalo kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningi:

ngendlela yamaroyalties, aqondwa njengenzalo yenzuzo;
ngalokho okuthiwa ukubolekwa kwemali komphakathi, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, umtshali-zimali ubuyiselwa ezikhwameni ezitshaliwe kanye nenzalo;
lapho usebenzisa ukuqoqwa kwemali kwabantu abaningi ngokulingana, umtshali-zimali uthola ingxenye enhlanganweni.

Abatshalizimali abasebenzisa le ndlela kufanele baqonde ukuthi kuyingozi impela. Kukhona ithuba lapha lokuthi le phrojekthi ngeke ize isetshenziswe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho waseRussia awuchazi isimo sengqondo esicacile maqondana nokutshalwa kwezimali okunjalo. Noma yiziphi iziqinisekiso zinikezwa kuphela ekutholeni amasheya enkampani.

Indlela 2. Izingelosi zebhizinisi

Ngale nketho, udinga ukufaka imali njalo ukuze uthole isabelo noma isaphulelo ekuthengeni amasheya lapho isigaba esilandelayo sifika. Ngokwesiko, sisho inani ebangeni kusuka kuma-50 (amahlanu) kuya kuma-300 (amakhulu amathathu) ama-dollar ayizinkulungwane.

Imvamisa, ukusekelwa kunikezwa iziqalo ezingenaso isabelomali sohlobo lomkhiqizo. Ngenxa yalokho, izingozi zokutshalwa kwemali zanda kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, izingelosi ezinokuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile, ukuze zandise ubungozi, zitshale imali kumaphrojekthi amaningi ngasikhathi sinye.

Ukutshala imali ngale ndlela kudinga ulwazi ngendawo yebhizinisi lapho izimali zitshalwa khona. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi kube lula ukwenza ukuhlolwa okufanele kwamaphrojekthi athunyelwe.

Indlela 3. Amakilabhu wabatshalizimali

Kulokhu, umtshalizimali udlulisela izimali eqenjini, okuthi, ngokwesicelo sakhe, afune iphrojekthi. Ngenxa yalokhu, iklabhu likhokhisa ikhomishini evela kumtshali-zimali. Umtshalizimali ugcina kakhulu isikhathi sakhe futhi ngasikhathi sinye angalawula yonke inqubo.

Le ndlela yokutshala imali ekuqaleni izolungela abaqalayo. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo, umtshalizimali we-novice uthola ithuba lokubamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi amakhulu athembisayo anemali encane.

Kukhona nengozi yokulahlekelwa yimali uma ubamba iqhaza ekilabhini. Imvamisa kuhlotshaniswa nokholo olubi lweklabhu, okwandisa inani lemisebenzi eyenziwa, kwehlisa kakhulu izidingo zamaphrojekthi zokubamba iqhaza.

Mayelana nokuthi ungamthola kanjani umtshalizimali webhizinisi, nokuthi yimiphi imithetho okufanele ilandelwe lapho ufuna abatshalizimali, sibhale ku-athikili ehlukile.

Indlela 4. Ukutshala imali kwizimali ezinkulu zebhizinisi

Le ndlela iwukutshala imali ngokungenzi lutho. Umtshalizimali kufanele akhokhe ikhomishini kuphela, wonke omunye umsebenzi uzokwenziwa ngongoti.

Ububi lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwemali ukuthi aluthuthukisiwe kahle. Kunzima ukuthola izinkampani eziphumelele emijikelezweni eminingi yokutshala imali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali ezinkulu zebhizinisi zivame ukubeka abatshalizimali uhlaka oluqinile: utshalomali oluncane ngokuvamile lusezingeni lama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500.

Indlela 5. Ukwenza isikhwama sakho sebhizinisi

Abatshalizimali abanayo 10 million dollars, kanye nethuba lokugcina iqembu lochwepheshe nokuqasha ihhovisi, bangazama isandla sabo ekwakheni isikhwama sabo. Izinkampani ezinjalo zivame ukutshala kuphela kumaphrojekthi alungiselelwe kahle. Noma kunjalo, kaningi kunalokho hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-30% kuzo kunenzuzo.

Ngalolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwemali, izingozi ziphakeme kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphumelela, imali engenayo nayo izoba enkulu kunazo zonke.
Kunobunzima obuningi ekwakheni i-capital capital yebhizinisi lakho, okokuqala nje, ihlotshaniswa nentuthuko embi yale ndawo eRussia.

Ngakho-ke, kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala imali ekuqaleni. Umtshalizimali kufanele akhethe okufanelekile ngokuya ngesipiliyoni, usayizi wedolobha, kanye nezinga lobungozi elamukelekayo.

Umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo nesinyathelo sokutshala imali ebhizinisini lakho

7. Ungaqala kanjani ukutshala imali ebhizinisini lakho - umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo 📋

Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi kuthonywa inani elikhulu lezici. Okokuqala, i-psychology, kanye nobuchwepheshe bezamabhizinisi.

Imisebenzi ehlelwe kahle inomthelela oqondile ekuqaleni okuyimpumelelo nasekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwebhizinisi. Izibalo ziqinisekisa lokho mayelana 90% amaphrojekthi aqala ukungazuzi eminyakeni emibili (emibili) yokuqala yokuba khona kwawo.

Ngasikhathi sinye, isizathu asihlali sincintisana kakhulu. Imvamisa, ukuqothuka kuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kohlelo olucacile, kanye nomqondo wentuthuko.

Imiyalo yosomabhizinisi abasafufusa izosiza ekunciphiseni izingozi, kanye nokwandisa amathuba okuba inzuzo iye ebhizinisini.

Isinyathelo 1. Nquma inkambu yomsebenzi

Ochwepheshe bathi ukuthola ibhizinisi elilungele wena kungaba yinselele. Lobu buciko bangempela.

Ungesabi ukuqala into engaziwa. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi imvamisa kubaqalayo namaphayona abathola inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uthola indawo ethembisayo yebhizinisi lapho kungekho noyedwa osebenze khona, awukwazi nje kuphela ukuthola izizumbulu zemali, kodwa futhi uzuze udumo emhlabeni wonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubudala, kanye nezinga lolwazi akunandaba.

Ungakhetha futhi izindlela ezingekho engcupheni... Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukusebenzisa izikimu zebhizinisi ezikhona. Ungesabi lezo zindawo zomsebenzi lapho kunomncintiswano omkhulu.

into esemqokaukuze iphrojekthi yakho ifuneke ngokuqinile. Isibonelo, ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezindawo zokucwala ubuhle edolobheni elikhulu akunakubangela ukulahlekelwa komunye wabo, ngoba le sevisi inesidingo esikhulu.

Umsebenzi omkhulu ekuqaleni kwanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi ukudala ukunikezwa okuzohluka emakethe. Kufanele ikhombe iqembu elithile labathengi, izidingo zabo ezidinga ukwaneliseka kangcono kunezinye izinkampani.

Isinyathelo 2. Ukukhetha uhlelo lwentela

Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi lihlotshaniswa nokukhokha intela.ERussia, uhlelo lwentela luhlinzeka ngamathuba okusebenzisa uhlelo olulula lwentela yizinkampani zamabhizinisi amancane. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wehlise umthwalo wezezimali (Mayelana nohlelo olwenziwe lula lwentela kosomabhizinisi ngabanye, funda ku-athikili ekhethekile).

Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunenzuzo enkulu kakhulu ezinkampanini ezinenzuzo ephansi ukukhetha uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokudonswa kwemali, ngoba kulokhu ukubalwa kwentela kusekelwe kunzuzo etholakele.

Isinyathelo 3. Ukubhaliswa kwemisebenzi

Noma ngubani oqalayo ebhizinisini angakhetha ifomu lenhlangano nelomthetho elifanele yena. Kulokhu, umuntu kufanele agxile enanini lemali etshaliwe, kanye nohlelo oluhleliwe lokwenza ibhizinisi. Imvamisa, abamele izinkampani ezihlobene namabhizinisi amancane bangakhetha eyodwa yezindlela ezimbili zokubhalisa: I-LLC noma usomabhizinisi ngamunye.

Yikuphi okukhethwa kukho okungcono okufanele kunqunywe ngamacala ngamacala. Ngakho-ke lapho ubhalisa ibhizinisi ngalinye, inqubo ilula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza ibhizinisi njengosomabhizinisi ngamunye kudinga ubuncane bokubika okuhanjisiwe. Kulabo abaqala ibhizinisi futhi abangawazi kahle ama-accounting, le nketho incamela kakhulu. Ukubhaliswa kosomabhizinisi ngabanye kuzothatha cishe isonto, kanti imali ingama-ruble ayi-1000.

Lapho inzuzo yenkampani inyuka, kuzodingeka ukuthi kwenziwe inqubo yokubhalisa kabusha. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuvulwa i-LLC, esevele iyinhlangano esemthethweni, okusho ukuthi inamalungelo afanele. Lokhu kuqinisa kakhulu ukubikwa okunikeziwe, futhi kwandisa umthwalo. Ukubhaliswa kwe-LLC, kuzofanele ukhokhe imali engaba ngama-ruble ayi-5 000.

Isinyathelo 4. Ukuvula i-akhawunti yamanje

Noma imuphi umsebenzi wokutshala imali ebhizinisini ufaka ukungena kwemali. Izinkomba zayo zingahluka: ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwempahla, ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu, ukwamukelwa kwemali engenayo... Ngakho-ke, usomabhizinisi ngamunye noma i-LLC kumele avule i-akhawunti yasebhange.

Abanye osomabhizinisi abasafufusa banquma ukusebenzisa i-akhawunti evulelwe umuntu ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, akulungile ukuxuba imali yebhizinisi neyezimali zomuntu siqu.

Lapho uvula i-akhawunti, kwanele ukukhetha ibhange elifanele. Abasebenzi bebhange bazosiza ukubhekana nakho konke okusele. Ezinye izinhlangano zezikweletu zinikela ngokuvula i-akhawunti yamanje usebenzisa i-Intanethi (online). Ngasikhathi sinye, amanye amabhange angaletha amadokhumenti aselungile ekhelini elilula.

Isinyathelo 5. Ukuqalisa

Lapho umbono usuthuthukisiwe futhi izinyathelo zangaphambilini seziphothuliwe, ungaqala ukusebenzisa iphrojekthi. Ngalokhu, kunconywa ukuthi ulungiselele uhlelo olunemininingwane lwebhizinisi. Akufanelekile ukukuziba lesi sigaba sokusungulwa kwamabhizinisi, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi enkulu yezentuthuko ezingalindelekile. Sibhale ku-athikili ehlukile yokuthi ungakha kanjani uhlelo lwebhizinisi lwamabhizinisi amancane.

Isu lokuthuthukisa elibhaliwe lizosiza ukunciphisa ubungozi. Uma kwenzeka ukuguquka okungalindelekile kwemicimbi noma ekuqaleni kokushayisana namafemu ancintisanayo, uhlelo lwebhizinisi oluzosiza ukuthola indlela yokuphuma esimweni esinzima.

Lapho uhlelo ludwetshwa, ungaqala ngqo nebhizinisi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusungula ubudlelwane nabaphakeli, abathengi, amakhasimende futhi abathengi.

Kubalulekile ukulungela iqiniso lokuthi ukuqala ibhizinisi inqubo kancane kancane... Ngakho-ke, akunasizathu sokukhathazeka uma ekuqaleni kwezinto zebhizinisi zingakhuphuki umqansa. Kuhlala kunzima ekuqaleni komsebenzi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kuzoza kancane kancane futhi kuzoba lula ukuzulazula kwezamabhizinisi.

Abasomabhizinisi abasafufusa akufanele babe budedengu ngemiyalo enikeziwe. Ukulandela izinyathelo nokuzilandela ngokulandelana kuyasiza qala ibhizinisi ngokuyimpumelelo.

Yiziphi izingozi umtshalizimali angabhekana nazo lapho etshala imali ebhizinisini

8. Izingozi ezinkulu lapho utshala imali ebhizinisini nokuthi ungazinciphisa kanjani 📛

Kunezinhlangothi ezimbili ezithintekayo kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokutshala imali - umtshali zimali uqobo kanye nomnikazi webhizinisi.

Igoli labatshalizimali - khetha ibhizinisi elinjalo, izimali ezizosiza hhayi kuphela ukulahlekelwa yimali, kepha futhi ziyenyuse. Kuvela ukuthi ubungozi botshalo-mali bubalulekile kumtshali-zimali.

Inhloso yomnikazi wenkampani eyehlukile - ukuheha imali ebhizinisini futhi ungalahlekelwa yiyo. Lolu hlobo lwengozi olubalulekile ekutholeni abatshalizimali.

Kuvela ukuthi bobabili ababambiqhaza kunqubo yokutshala imali banomsebenzi ofanayo - ukunciphisa izingozi.

Izingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zabatshalizimali zifaka amaqembu alandelayo:

inhlangano;
ngokomthetho;
ezomnotho;
ezezimali.

Ungalawula ubungozi uma ubudlelwano enqubweni yokutshalwa kwebhizinisi buvikelekile esivumelwaneni sokutshalwa kwemali. Inani elikhulu lezibonelo zezivumelwano ezinjalo lingatholakala ku-Intanethi. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, kuvame ukubhekana nezimo ezingahambelani namaphethini wendabuko.

Ngakho-ke, lapho utshala imali ebhizinisini, kungcono ukuthi ufune usizo lwabameli abangochwepheshe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ku- izivumelwano zokutshala imali ngqo.

Kulokhu, uma iphrojekthi yokutshala imali yehluleka, umtshali-zimali uzoba nethuba lokubuyisa okungenani ingxenye yezimali ezitshaliwe. Futhi ngempumelelo yomcimbi, uzothola yonke inzuzo ayikhokhelwe ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ngaphambi kokutshala imali kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi, umtshali-zimali kufanele ayihlaziye ngokuzimela, noma abandakanye ongoti kulokhu. Kubalulekile ukuhlola kahle usebenza ngempumelelo kangakanani lo msebenzi.

Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuhlola imininingwane engemuva, kanye nezimo zokuba khona kwephrojekthi namathuba okuphumelela kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uhlole ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani ukubuyiselwa kwayo kuzofika.

Uma umnikazi webhizinisi enikeza umtshalizimali uhlelo lwebhizinisi, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwazo zonke izingxenye zalo. Ikakhulukazi ngokucophelela kufanele ube nalezo zinhlelo zebhizinisi ezithembisa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lemali engenayo. Imvamisa kunamaphutha ezibalweni, futhi, uma kunesifiso sokukopela, kungahle kube nokukhohlisa kwedatha.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi kuhlala kufaka izingxenye ezimbili (ezimbili) - lokhu ukheshiephethwe ngumtshali-zimali, futhi inhlokodolobha ngqo kumnikazi wephrojekthi. Kubalulekile esigabeni sokuqala ukuthi unqume ngokushesha ukuthi ikhona yini imali eyanele yokuqalisa uhlelo.

Uma umtshali-zimali eqonda ukuthi uhlelo lwebhizinisi lubandakanya umnikazi uqobo, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi unemali eyanele yini noma uma kunezinketho zokuthi angayithola kuphi. Kulokhu, umtshalizimali uziqinisekisa kusukela kusidingo seminikelo eyengeziwe yezimali.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi webhizinisi, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela ubukhulu bebhizinisi. Uma umtshali-zimali engaqondi kulesi sifundo, noma akanabo ochwepheshe abanolwazi olwanele emkhakheni webhizinisi owethulwe, akufanelekile ukutshala imali kuphrojekthi.

Kungcono ukutshala imali ebhizinisini olaziyo noma elilula ngokwanele ukuba abatshalizimali baliqonde. Ukuthola usomabhizinisi odinga imali akuyona inkinga. Kumtshali-zimali, ukusebenza kahle kwephrojekthi kuza kuqala.

Kubalulekile ukuthi utshale imali ebhizinisini elihleleke kahle futhi elizoletha inzuzo ngokuzayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imali kungenzeka ingabuyiselwa.

Ochwepheshe bancoma nokuthi abatshalizimali kumele baye kubo ukukhiqizwa noma ku ihhovisi lenkampani, lapho uhlela ukutshala imali khona. Lokhu kuvame ukusiza abatshalizimali ukuthi benze isinqumo esifanele mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini baxhase iphrojekthi, njengoba kusiza ukuhlola ngokubukeka ukuhlelwa kwebhizinisi enkampanini nasekukhiqizeni.

9.Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo (FAQ) 📢

Ukutshala imali ebhizinisini inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke nakanjani kuhilela ukuvela kwenani elikhulu lemibuzo. Ake sizame ukuphendula imibuzo ebuzwa njalo.

Umbuzo 1. Ngifuna ukutshala imali ekuthembiseni amaphrojekthi amancane okuqala. Ngingakwenza kanjani lokho?

Esihlokweni uqobo, sesiwuphendulile lo mbuzo, ngakho-ke sizowuphendula ngendlela emfushane nenengqondo.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala imali ekuqaleni:

Tshala imali ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zokutshala izimali (uqalo.ru, mypio.ru);
Ukuziqeqesha kabusha njengengelosi yebhizinisi... Lokho wukuthi, ukutshala imali kumaphrojekthi amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene kusenesikhathi, ukuze kube nesabelo enkampanini noma esikweletini esiguqukayo (lapho umtshalizimali ethola amasheya ngesaphulelo ngokuzayo). Ukutshalwa kwezingelosi ngokuvamile kusuka ku- $ 45-50 ayizinkulungwane kuya ku- $ 300-350 ayizinkulungwane.
Tshala imali ngokusebenzisa amakilabhu wabatshalizimali. Kulokhu, abatshalizimali banikeza ikilabhu imingcele nezici zabo (izintandokazi) zento yokutshala imali, iklabhu lithola amaphrojekthi ngokuya ngemingcele edingekayo futhi lilungiselela isivumelwano, lapho lithola khona ikhomishini yalo. Iqembu liphethe ngokuphelele ukuthengiselana. (albubub.vc, common.skolkovo.ru/ru/espace/investors, smarthub.ru)
Dlulisela izimali kubaphathi besikhwama sokuzibandakanya... Ngenxa yokukhethwa kobungcweti nobuchwepheshe kwamaphrojekthi athembisayo, ubungozi babatshali zimali bancishiswa kakhulu. Isikhwama sokuzibandakanya ngokwaso silawula amaphrojekthi okuqala, kanti umtshali-zimali ukhokha ikhomishini yokuphathwa kwemali futhi athola izabelo.
Dala isikhwama sakho semali yokuzibandakanya. Ukwakha isikhwama semali yokuzibandakanya, udinga ukudala inkampani, uqashe ihhovisi (indawo yezentengiselwano), ugcine iqembu lobuchwepheshe futhi ube nemali yokutshala imali, okungenani 10 million dollars... Imvamisa, lezi zimali zitshala imali kumaphrojekthi avuthiwe futhi athuthukisiwe kunezingelosi ezifanayo zebhizinisi. Njengomthetho, inani lomsebenzi lisebangeni kusuka ku- $ 1 million kuya ku- $ 5 million... (ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe amaphesenti angama-70 awo wonke amaphrojekthi atshaliwe, njengomthetho, awalethi nzuzo).

Esihlokweni esehlukile, siphinde sakhuluma ngezindlela zokutshala imali kwi-Intanethi ngokuningiliziwe.

Umbuzo 2. Ungabheka kuphi ukuqala?

Uma unquma ukuthola ngokuzimela iphrojekthi yokuqalisa futhi utshale imali lapho, sincoma ukusebenzisa izincomo zethu.

1. Bhalisa ezinqolobaneni zokuqalisa njengomtshalizimali

Kule mininingwane, ungahlunga amaphrojekthi wokuqalisa nge-niche (khetha inkambu yezokuvakasha, i-IT, njll.). Njengomthetho, incazelo yephrojekthi ihleleke kahle kulwazi, ngoba wonke amaphrojekthi alinganiswa izinsiza ezincane. Ubuhle balokhu kusesha ukuqhathanisa okusheshayo nokubonakalayo kweziqalo.

Kunamasayithi amaningi anjalo emhlabeni, kepha sincoma:

AngeList - insizakalo eyinhloko yomhlaba wonke yokuthola izimali kanye nokuqala (ungumsunguli wensimu yokuqalisa), okuyisisekelo lapho inani elikhulu lama-clones seliqalile. I-database yesevisi iqukethe ukuqala okungaphezulu kuka-1600 kanye nabatshalizimali abangama-380 abavela eRussia Federation (futhi inani labo liyanda njalo)
Ukuqala.ru Yipulatifomu yokutshala izimali ezinemisebenzi yesisekelo sokuqala. Isayithi likuvumela ukuthi uphethe amadili ahlanganisiwe. Ukuthengiselana kuyenziwa kufaka phakathi emihlanganweni evaliwe yabatshalizimali abazimele. Njengomthetho, abatshalizimali bayamenywa emicimbini enjalo, abakulungele ukutshala imali kuphrojekthi kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Kunabatshalizimali ababalelwa ku-800 ku-database.
Inhlansi - insizakalo yokuthola umtshalizimali, kepha muva nje kulayishwe amaphrojekthi amasha athakazelisayo nezobuchwepheshe lapho, lapho abadali babelana ngolwazi lwabo futhi balayisha amaphrojekthi wokutshala imali. Isizindalwazi siqukethe amaphrojekthi angama-4500, lapho cishe i-1500 idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali.

2. Buka imininingwane ngemininingwane evulekile emayelana nokuqalisa

Lapha ungabona amaphrojekthi asevele ahehe izimali.

Crunchbase.com kungenye yemininingwane emikhulu emakethe ye-capital capital, equkethe amaphrofayili angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-700 zabatshalizimali kanye nokuqala.
Rb.ru/deals/ - Ipulatifomu laseRussia elinesikhathi sokuthengiselana, amaphrofayili wabatshalizimali abazimele neziqalo, izimali, njll.

3. Landela owamanqamu wemincintiswano

Ngesikhathi somncintiswano, iphrojekthi ngayinye imelana nokuncintisana okunzima nokuhlolwa kwamajaji. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusele amaphrojekthi wekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela. Okufanele ukunakwa ngabatshalizimali.

Kunconywa ukuthi ulandele imincintiswano ehlukahlukene phakathi kwamaphrojekthi wokuqalisa futhi uye kuwo njalo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi -IGenerationS, iWeb Ready, Uhambo Lokuqalisa lwaseRussia njll.

4. Landela ukukhishwa kwama-accelerators

Futhi gada iso ukukhishwa kwamafutha.I-AcceleratorIngabe inkampani lapho umsebenzi uqukethe ukusiza ezinye izinkampani (izakhamuzi ze-accelerator). Usizo lwe-accelerator luqukethe ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhushulwa, ukuqashelwa kwenkampani (brand), njll.

Isisheshisi wuhlelo olukuvumela ngokushesha ukuthi uthuthukise iphrojekthi kusuka ngesikhathi iqala kuze kube ngumzuzu lapho iba mnandi kumtshalizimali. Amaphrojekthi afinyelele ekugcineni anamandla kakhulu, ngoba akwazi ukunqoba izigaba ezimbalwa zokukhetha.

Ama-Accelerator enza imali ngokuthengisa kabusha amasheya enkampanini eyayitholwe (yathengwa) esikhathini esedlule.

Ama-Accelerator afaka okulandelayo - I-Accelerator IIDF, iDealMachine, "iMetaBeta" nabanye.

Abatshalizimali kufanele bazi ukuthi impumelelo yotshalo-mali inqunywa, phakathi kokunye, ngesisekelo solwazi. Ngisho nokuhlanganyela ekilabhini akukukhululi ngokuphelele ezingozini.

Ukuhlola ukuqala ngaphambi kokutshala imali

Umbuzo 3. Umtshali-zimali angakuhlola kanjani ukuqala yedwa?

Ukuthola umbono wenhloso entweni yokutshala imali ehlongozwayo, udinga ukwenza izinto eziningi. Bahlanganiswe umqondo Ukunakekela ngaphambi kokungenela isivumelwano... Kubalulekile ukwenza lezi zenzo ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukutshala imali, ukuthenga inkampani noma ukuyihlanganisa nenye inkampani.

Ukunakekela ngaphambi kokungenela isivumelwano kusebenza ngempumelelo yenqubo yokwenza isinqumo nganoma yikuphi ukubambisana nanoma iyiphi inkampani.

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwale nqubo, abatshalizimali abaningi abayinaki. Kodwa-ke, ukukhuthala okufanele kusiza abatshalizimali ukugcina iningi lemali yabo, ngakho-ke ake sibheke izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe.

1) Umkhiqizo

Umtshalizimali kufanele nakanjani ahluleke kakhulu zama umkhiqizo noma ubuze umngane owela kuzithameli ezihlosiwe ukuthi awenze.

Inani elingaphansi unomzamo wokuthengisa umkhiqizo komunye kubantu abamaziyo. Ngenxa yezenzo ezinjalo, nakanjani, inani elikhulu lezinto ezingadingekile lizoqedwa.

2) Ithimba

Kubalulekile ukutadisha ngokucophelela abalingisi abakhulu (abasunguli) bephrojekthi. Ukwenza lokhu, ungasebenzisa inethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu i-Facebook, i-LinkedIn, njll. Lapha kufanele uhlole amaphrofayili wabantu, ubathole kwamanye amanethiwekhi bese uzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebahlanganisayo.

Ngakho-ke ungaqonda ukuthi umtshali zimali ukulungele kanjani ukubambisana nabantu abanjalo. Okunye ukuhamba okukhohlisayo - mema umuntu kwinhlolokhono. Ngokuhamba kwayo, kungenzeka ukudweba inani elikhulu lolwazi mayelana nenkampani okuhlelwe ukusebenzisana nayo.

3) Abatshalizimali

Akunasizathu sokubuza imibono yabanye abatshalizimali nganoma iyiphi iphrojekthi. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi impendulo ethembekile izotholakala. Kungcono ukwenza ngenye indlela: shayela umtshalizimali ongahlangene nawe futhi anikele ube ngumhlanganyeli-zimali... Kungenzeka, ekuphenduleni, uzokwazi ukuzwa umbono oyiqiniso.

Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlole iphrojekthi yokutshala imali ngokwakho. Into esemqoka ukunamathela emithethweni ethile.

Umbuzo 4. Yiziphi izici nenqubo yokwenza isivumelwano sokutshala imali ebhizinisini (isivumelwano sokutshalwa kwemali)?

Isiphetho sesivumelwano sokutshalwa kwemali imele isigaba esibalulekile sokwenza imali kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi. Kuyisivumelwano esiphothulwe phakathi kwamaqembu entengiselwano, okungumtshali zimali nomnikazi webhizinisi.

Inhloso yokusayina isivumelwano esinjalo ukulawula ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaqembu entengiselweni, okokuqala, mayelana nokuthi izindleko nemali engenayo zizohlukaniswa kanjani ngesikhathi kwenziwa iphrojekthi.

Ngeqembu ngalinye lesivumelwano esivumelwaneni ku okuphoqelekile okuhleliwe imali engenayo futhi izindleko.

Ngokuya ngesivumelwano esicutshungulwayo, amaqembu entengiselwano ayazibophezela ekwenzeni imizamo efanayo yokusebenzisa uhlelo lokutshala imali.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphelaukuthi umsebenzi omkhulu womtshali zimali ukutshala imali, futhi umnikazi webhizinisi ukuzisebenzisela kuphela inhloso ayibekelwe ngokuya ngohlelo lwebhizinisi lwephrojekthi.

Umtshalizimali angaba nesimo esihlukile: ibhizinisi elisemthethweni noma umuntu ngamunye. Utshala imali kuphrojekthi ethile yebhizinisi. Inhloso yokutshala imali, okokuqala, ukwenza imali nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kulokhu, umtshalizimali uthatha izingozi ezithile. Zihlotshaniswa nethuba ulahlekelwe yimali etshaliwe, okuphelele nengxenye.

Umsebenzi womnikazi webhizinisi ukuqoqa imali. Inhloso yalezo zenzo ukufeza umphumela othile ngenkathi kwenziwa imisebenzi yokutshala imali. Emkhakheni wezezimali, umsebenzi onjalo uqondwa njengezenzo zabatshalizimali, eziqukethe ingxenye esebenzayo neyokuhlaziya, okuhloswe ngayo ukufeza inhloso ebekwe kuhlelo.

Ngaphambi kokusayina isivumelwano sokutshala imali, kubalulekile ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi:

Izingxoxo kufanele zenziwe nakanjani. Ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kwazo, umtshali-zimali nomnikazi webhizinisi kumele banqume izibopho ezihlangene, kanye nenqubo yokwabiwa kwemali engenayo nezindleko. Umphumela wezingxoxo ukuphela kwesivumelwano.
Umnikazi wephrojekthi kufanele enze uhlelo lwebhizinisi olwenzelwe izinhloso zabatshalizimali. Ngaphandle kokuhluleka, lo mbhalo kufanele ucabangele: ukuhlaziywa kwezimbangi ezibaluleke kakhulu zenkampani, imakethe yomkhiqizo iyonke, kanye niche ehlala inkampani. Ukubalwa kwezezimali, kufaka phakathi ingozi ebonakalayo, nakho kubalulekile. Kufanele futhi uchaze ukuthi isiphakamiso sibaluleke kangakanani, sihambisana nokuthi yini intsha yaso. Ekupheleni kohlelo lwebhizinisi, kunamathuba amaphrojekthi, kanye nezimo ezingaba khona zokuthuthukiswa kwemicimbi.

Isivumelwano sokutshalwa kwemali sibopha ngokusemthethweni kuphela uma uma kuphethwa ngokubhalwa... Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokubanjwa kwezingxoxo bese kwenziwa nohlelo lwebhizinisi.

Uma amaqembu engafiki esinqumweni esihlanganyelwe kunoma yiziphi izingqinamba, kufanele enze inqubo yokungezwani. Ngemuva kwalokho, lo mbhalo udlala indima enkulu, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokusayinwa kwezivumelwano. Kuleli qophelo, kubhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yesivumelwano.

Kunezibonelo eziningi zezivumelwano zokutshala imali kwi-Intanethi. Zihlukile ngandlela thile.

Isivumelwano esivamile sokutshalwa kwebhizinisi - ungalanda isivumelwano sokutshala imali ezansi kwesixhumanisi

Landa isivumelwano sokutshalwa kwebhizinisi (isivumelwano sokutshalwa kwemali) (idokodo., 15.2 kb.)

Kodwa-ke, kunamaphuzu okumele abekhona kuzo zonke izinkontileka:

incazelo yesimo esisemthethweni seqembu ngalinye;
ukubalwa kwamagama abaluleke kakhulu asetshenziswe esivumelwaneni nencazelo eyimpoqo yayo yonke imiqondo;
ireferensi ethile esihlokweni senkontileka - ukuthi iyiphi iphrojekthi yokutshala imali enegama nencazelo yephrojekthi, inhloso yayo enkulu, kufanele futhi ukhombise ukuthi ngubani onjiniyela wephrojekthi;
inkontileka iphothulwa isikhathi esingakanani;
kwenziwa kanjani izindawo zokuhlala ngaphansi kwesivumelwano. Uma izinhlangothi zifinyelele esivumelwaneni ngelungelo lomtshali-mali hhayi kuphela kwabakhulu, kepha futhi nakumholo owengeziwe, lokhu kufanele kushiwo esivumelwaneni;
amalungelo atholwe amaqembu;
yiziphi izibopho amaqembu anazo uma kusayinwa inkontileka;
ukuthi umtshali-zimali uzowuthola kanjani umphumela womsebenzi wokutshala imali;
ayini amalungelo empahla yeqembu ngalinye ngemuva kokutholakala kwemisebenzi yokutshalwa kwezimali;
yimuphi umthwalo wemfanelo iqembu ngalinye eliwuthwele ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kwephrojekthi;
inkontileka inganqanyulwa kanjani;
kwenziwa kanjani ushintsho esivumelwaneni sokutshalwa kwemali esiphelile;
ireferensi yokuphoqa majeure;
kungalungiswa kanjani futhi kuphi ukungaboni ngaso linye okuvele phakathi kwezinhlangothi zesivumelwano.

Isivumelwano sokutshalwa kwemali kufanele sihambisane nalokhu:

isenzo sokusatshalaliswa kwamalungelo empahla phakathi kwamaqembu;
umthetho olandelwayo wokungaboni ngaso linye;
umthetho olandelwayo wokuvuma umehluko owenziwe.

Imvamisa kunzima kumtshali-zimali nomnikazi webhizinisi ukwenza inkontileka ezokwanelisa izinhlangothi zombili futhi inake nezimo zabo. Ngakho-ke, isisombululo esihle kakhulu kungaba ukusebenzisa usizo lommeli okhokhelwayo.

Sibheke izingqinamba ezisemqoka namaphuzu ahlobene nokutshalwa kwezimali ebhizinisini. Uma ufunde kuze kube sekupheleni kwendatshana, kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde okuthile okusha ngokutshala imali ebhizinisini. Manje usungahlola ngokuphelele ulwazi olutholile ngokwenza.

Ekuphetheni, sincoma ukubukela ividiyo emayelana nokutshala imali ebhizinisini, okungukuthi, yiziphi izindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi webhizinisi (ama-startups):

Futhi ividiyo ekhuluma ngezici nama-nuances wokutshala imali ebhizinisini evela ku-Oleg Ivanov ("Ibhizinisi Lemvelo"):

Ithimba le-Ideas for Life likufisela inhlanhla nempumelelo ekutshalweni kwebhizinisi lakho. Uma uneminye imibono noma imibuzo ngesihloko, bese ubabuza kumazwana angezansi. Silinde wena futhi emakhasini esayithi lethu.

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