Isigodlo seDolmabahce: Ukunethezeka kwaseTurkey ogwini lweBosphorus

IDolmabahce Palace iyindawo yomlando kanokusho etholakala ogwini lweBosphorus edumile e-Istanbul. Ukuhluka kwalesi sakhiwo kuxhomeke ekutheni sakhiwe ngesitayela esingajwayelekile ngokuphelele sezakhiwo zaseTurkey. Ubude bokuheha ngasogwini ngamamitha ayi-600. Indawo yesigodlo ingamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-45. metres, nendawo ephelele yenkimbinkimbi nazo zonke izakhiwo ingamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyi-110. amamitha. Umhlobiso wangaphakathi wemyuziyamu udlula konke okulindelwe kakhulu.

IDolmabahce e-Istanbul inamakamelo angama-285, amahholo avulekile angama-44, izindlu zangasese ezingama-68 nezindawo zokugeza ezi-6 zaseTurkey. Namuhla, amanye amakamelo asebenza njengendawo yokubukisa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezingandile, ubuciko nobucwebe. Ubukhazikhazi nobukhazikhazi besigodlo buheha izivakashi eziningi ngokwengeziwe minyaka yonke, futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje le nto iye yaba ngesinye sezindawo ezinhlanu ezivakashelwa kakhulu e-Istanbul. Ungathola incazelo eningiliziwe yenqaba, kanye nemininingwane ewusizo evela ku-athikili yethu.

Indaba emfushane

Umqondo wokwakha iSigodlo seDolmabahce e-Istanbul, esihambisana nomoya wesimanjemanje, wafika kwi-padishah yama-31 yoMbuso Wase-Ottoman - u-Abdul-Majid I. USultan wayejabule ngezigodlo ezinhle zase-Europe futhi edangele kakhulu ngabangaphakathi besikhathi esidala saseTopkapi. Ngakho-ke, umbusi wanquma ukwakha isigodlo esasingancintisana nezigodlo ezihola phambili eYurophu. Umakhi odabuka e-Armenia ogama lakhe linguKarapet Balyan wathatha umqondo weSultan.

Kuhunyushwe kusuka eTurkey, igama elithi "Dolmabahçe" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ingadi enkulu", futhi kunencazelo engokomlando yaleli gama. Iqiniso ukuthi indawo yokwakhiwa kwento leyo bekungogu oluhle kakhulu lweBosphorus. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuze kube sekhulwini le-17, amanzi alesi siga ayesechichima kule ndawo, eyabe isiphenduka ixhaphozi. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ahmed I, yayicwiliswa futhi imbozwe isihlabathi, futhi kwakhiwa isigodlo sokhuni iBesiktash esiqeshini somhlaba esalandela. Kepha ukwakheka akuzange kume isikhathi futhi kwawa ngenxa yalokho. Kulapha ezinkalweni ngo-1842 lapho ukwakhiwa kweDolmabahce kwaqala khona, okwathatha iminyaka eyi-11.

Kusetshenziswe imali enkulu ekwakhiweni kwesigodlo: ngaphezu kwamathani angama-40 esiliva namathani angaphezu kwe-15 egolide asetshenziswe kuphela ekuhlobiseni kwesakhiwo. Kepha ezinye izinto zangaphakathi ziye epadishah njengesipho. Ngakho-ke, ikhandlela elikhulu lekristalu elinesisindo okungenani esingamathani ayi-4,5 kwakuyisipho esivela kuNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi uVictoria, owavakashela mathupha i-padishah ngo-1853. Namuhla, lesi sipho esikhazimulayo sihlobisa iHholo Lomkhosi enqabeni.

IDolmabahce yahlala isigodlo esisebenzayo samaSultan ase-Ottoman kwaze kwaba ukuwa kombuso nokuqala kokubusa kukaMustafa Kemal Ataturk. Umongameli wasebenzisa lesi sakhiwo njengendawo yakhe yokuhlala e-Istanbul: lapha umbusi wamukela izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe futhi wenza nemicimbi yombuso. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesigodlo u-Ataturk futhi washona ngo-1938. Kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1952, umsebenzi wokubuyisela wenziwa enqabeni yase-Istanbul, ngemuva kwalokho iDolmabahce yaguqulwa yaba umnyuziyamu futhi yavula iminyango yayo kuwo wonke umuntu.

Isakhiwo sesigodlo

Izithombe zeDolmabahce Palace e-Istanbul zingakhathaza imizuzwana yokuqala, kepha azikwazi ukudlulisa bonke ubuhle balesi sakhiwo. Eyakhelwe ngesitayela seBaroque, ehlanganiswe yiRococo neNeoclassicism, inqaba iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: indawo yokuhlala, lapho kwakukhona khona i-harem, kanye neyomphakathi, lapho iSultan ibamba khona imihlangano ebalulekile, yahlangana nezivakashi futhi yahlela imikhosi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iDolmabahce inezindawo zokuhlala zombuso ezine-panorama ebukekayo yeBosphorus. Umnyuziyamu unezinto eziningi ezifanele ukunakwa, futhi phakathi kwazo:

IClock Tower neSango Lomcebo

Phambi kokungena esigodlweni esihle kunazo zonke e-Istanbul, kuvela indawo yokuqala ekhangayo engaphandle yale nxanxathela, iClock Tower. Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ngesitayela sokwakhiwa kwe-neo-baroque. Umbhoshongo ungamamitha angama-27 ukuphakama. Ukudayela uqobo kwenziwa eFrance. Umbhoshongo wewashi uvame ukusebenza njengophawu olubonakalayo lwesigodlo kubavakashi.

Bude buduze nomnyango omkhulu obizwa nge-Treasure Gate. Isikhungo sawo sinekhothamo elikhulu, ngenhla lapho iwashi elinokudayela okuhlanganisiwe lishaya khona. Kunamakholomu amabili ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-arch, futhi ngaphakathi kukhona amasango afekethisiwe. Ubuhle balesi sakhiwo buqhubekisela phambili intshisekelo engaphakathi kwalesi sakhiwo.

ISufer Hall

ISufer Hall, noma, njengoba ibizwa njalo, iHholo Lamanxusa, yake yasetshenziswa ukwamukela izithunywa zakwamanye amazwe. Lapha uSultan wabamba imihlangano yakhe ebalulekile, wahlela imihlangano futhi waxoxisana. Yonke imininingwane yangaphakathi yaleli gumbi iqukethe okunethezeka: ukubunjwa kwe-stucco yegolide, isitofu esinamathayili, amakhemikhali e-crystal, ifenisha eyakhiwe ngezinto zakudala kanye namavazi apendiwe agcwaliswa izikhumba zamabhere nekhaphethi kasilika owenziwe ngezandla.

Eduze kweSufer Chamber kuneRed Hall, eqanjwe ngethoni eyinhloko yengaphakathi layo. Kulo mbala, uhlanjululwe ngamanothi egolide, amakhethini nefenisha kulethwa lapha. Leli gumbi liphinde lasebenzela umhlangano kaSultan namanxusa avela ezifundeni ezahlukene.

IHholo lemikhosi

Ihholo lomkhosi liyindawo eyinhloko yemikhosi nemikhosi eSigodlweni seDolmabahce, isithombe salo esingaveza nje ukunethezeka kwalo okuncane. Abakhi bezakhiwo abavela eFrance nase-Italy bamenywa ukuthi bazohlobisa igumbi. Umhlobiso uphethwe ngamakhothali ahlotshisiwe aqoshiwe anezinsika, futhi amakhona egumbi ahlotshiswe ngezindawo zomlilo zobumba, lapho amakristalu alenga khona, ihora ngalinye lidlala ngemibala ehlukile.

Kepha umhlobiso oyinhloko wehholo iyikheli le-crystal crystal elethwe ku-padishah yiNdlovukazi uVictoria. I-chandelier elenga ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-36 ihlotshiswe ngezinti zezibani ezingama-750 futhi ithathwa njengeyona inkulu futhi esinda kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Enye into ejabulisayo yeChamberial Chamber kwakuwukhaphethi omkhulu wasempumalanga, ohlanganisa indawo eyi-124 sq. imitha, okwenza kube ukhaphethi omkhulu kunabo bonke eTurkey.

Ihholo likamabhalane

Kunelinye ikamelo elihehayo eliseduze kweHholo Lemikhosi - IHholo LoMabhalane noma Igumbi Likanobhala. Inani eliyinhloko lale ngxenye yesigodlo umdwebo odwetshwe yi-Italian Stefano Ussi. Umsebenzi wobuciko ukhombisa uhambo lwamaSulumane olusuka e-Istanbul luya eMecca. Indwangu yanikelwa epadishah ngumbusi waseGibhithe u-Ismail Pasha futhi namuhla umdwebo omkhulu kunayo yonke esigodlweni saseDolmabahce.

Izitebhisi zombuso

Izitebhisi eziyinhloko zesigodlo, ezihlanganisa isitezi sokuqala nesesibili, esibizwa nge-Imperial staircase, kufanele zinakwe ngokukhethekile. Lokhu kungubuciko bangempela bokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, okwenziwe ngesitayela seBaroque. Isici esiyinhloko sezitebhisi yisandla esenziwe nge-crystal ngokuphelele. Ekuhlobiseni kwabo, kwasetshenziswa amakristalu efektri edumile yaseFrance iBaccarat.

Harem

Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yendawo yeSigodlo saseDolmabahce e-Istanbul yabekelwa eceleni indawo yabesifazane, engxenyeni esempumalanga yayo kwakungamakamelo kamama ka-padishah nomndeni wakhe. Emakamelweni atholakala emgwaqweni, izancinza zikaSultan zazihlala. Ingaphakathi labafazi e-Dolmabahce libonakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinhloso zaseYurophu nezaseMpumalanga, kepha ngokujwayelekile amakamelo alo enziwe ngesitayela se-neo-baroque.

Okuthakazelisa kakhulu lapha yiBlue Hall, eyathola leli gama ngenxa yomthunzi omkhulu wefenisha namakhethini. Kuleli gumbi, imicimbi ibibanjelwe ehlobene namaholide ezenkolo, lapho abantu bezindawo zabesifazane bavunyelwe lapha. Into yesibili ephawulekayo kule ngxenye yesigodlo yiHholo Eliphinki, elibizwa nangombala ogqamile ngaphakathi kwalo. Ukusuka lapha kuvuleka ipanorama ebukekayo yeBosphorus, futhi igumbi livame ukusebenza njengehholo lezivakashi ezihlonishwayo ezitholwa ngumama kaSultan.

Encwadini: Ungadla kuphi e-Istanbul ngokubukwa okuhle kwe-panoramic, funda le ndatshana.

I-mosque

Ingxenye eseningizimu yemnyuziyamu ihlala iDemmabahce Mosque, eyakhiwa ngo-1855. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kusesitayeleni seBaroque. Ngemuva kokuwa koMbuso Wase-Ottoman, ithempeli laguqulwa laba yindawo yokugcina izinto zobuciko, lapho kukhonjiswe khona imikhiqizo yomkhakha wasolwandle. Kancane kancane, lesi sakhiwo sawohloka, kodwa ngokushesha sakhiwa kabusha, futhi izinkonzo zaphezulu zaqala phansi ngaphakathi kwezindonga zomsque.

Umnyuziyamu Wewashi

Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa okude, ngo-2010 igalari yavula iminyango yayo kuwo wonke umuntu ofuna ukujwayelana nemibukiso eyingqayizivele yamawashi. Namuhla, kunezinto ezingama-71 eziboniswayo, phakathi kwazo ongabona amawashi wabantu baseSultan, kanye nezinto ezenziwe ngesandla ngabaphathi abadumile boMbuso Wase-Ottoman.

Imnyuziyamu Yokudweba Nezithombe

IDolmabahce Palace e-Istanbul idume ngokuqoqwa okucebe kakhulu kwemisebenzi yobuciko ngabadwebi abadumile emhlabeni. Izinto ezingaphakathi enqabeni zinamasevila angaphezu kuka-600, cishe angama-40 awo apendwe ngumdwebi odumile waseRussia u-IK Aivazovsky.

Ngesinye isikhathi uSultan Abdul-Majid Nganikezwa umdwebo ngumdwebi oveza indawo yeBosphorus, kanye nepadishah, ngendlela ayewuthanda ngayo umsebenzi ka-Aivazovsky, ukuthi wayala ezinye izindwangu eziyishumi. Lapho ese-Istanbul, umculi wahlangana mathupha noSultan futhi wazinza esigodlweni, lapho athola khona ugqozi lokudala kwakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, u-Abdul-Majid I no-Aivazovsky baba ngabangane, ngemuva kwalokho i-padishah yenza i-oda lemidwebo eyengeziwe eyishumi nambili.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iminyuziyamu yokudweba enqabeni yabelwa amakamelo angama-20, lapho aqala khona ukukhombisa hhayi kuphela imisebenzi yabadwebi abakhulu, kodwa nemikhiqizo yababazi. Namuhla, kwethulwe imibukiso engaba ngu-3000 lapha.

Igumbi lika-Ataturk

Iqhawe lesizwe laseTurkey, umongameli wokuqala wombuso, uMustafa Kemal Ataturk nguyena owagcina ukuhlala esigodlweni saseDolmabahce. Yayisegumbini lokulala langaphambili leSultan, ayala ukuthi alinikeze kalula futhi ngesizotha. Kulapha lapho umongameli achitha khona izinsuku zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izandla zawo wonke amawashi asenqabeni zikhombisa u-09: 05, ngoba kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho u-Ataturk aphefumula khona.

Ungahle ube nentshisekelo ku: Yini ephawuleka ngeGulhane Park e-Istanbul nokuthi kungani kufanele ukuvakashela ukuthola kuleli khasi.

Thola AMANANI noma ubhukhe noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli fomu

Ufika kanjani lapho

Indawo yokugcina yama-sultans isesifundeni iBesiktas. Futhi impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ungafika kanjani eDolmabahce Palace izoncika ngokuphelele lapho uqala khona. Ngakho-ke, sizocubungula izindawo zezivakashi ezithandwa kakhulu lapho ungafika khona ezindaweni zokubuka.

Kusuka eSultanahmet Square

Ibanga ukusuka eSultanahmet Square ukuya esigodlweni cishe ngama-5 km. Ungafika eDolmabahce usuka lapha ngomugqa wethilamu T 1 Bağılar - Kabataş, ubheke ngaseKabatataş. Udinga ukwehla esitobhini sokugcina, ngemuva kwalokho kuzodingeka uhambe amanye amamitha ayi-900 uye enyakatho-mpumalanga yesiteshi bese uzithola ususendaweni leyo. Ungathatha futhi ibhasi le-TV 2, ehamba njalo ngemizuzu engu-5 futhi ime nje amamitha ayi-400 ukusuka enqabeni.

Kusuka eTaksim Square

Uhambo oluya esigodlweni kusuka eTaksim Square ngeke luthathe isikhathi eside, ngoba ibanga eliphakathi kwala maphuzu lingaphezu nje kwe-1.5 km. Ukufika eDolmabahce, ungasebenzisa inketho efana namabhasi we-TV 1 ne-TV 2, asuka esigcawini njalo ngemizuzu engu-5 bese ema endaweni eseduze nokuheha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusuka eTaksim ukuya esigodlweni ungafika ngomugqa womugqa we-F1 Taksim-Kabataş. Ezokuthutha zisebenza njalo ngemizuzu emihlanu. Uzodinga ukwehla esiteshini saseKabatata futhi uhambe amamitha ayi-900 uye esigodlweni.

Uma uhlela ukuhamba uzungeze i-Istanbul ngemetro, uzokuthola kuwusizo ukufunda le ndatshana.

Qhathanisa amanani entengo yokuhlala usebenzisa leli Fomu

Imininingwane ewusizo

Ikheli eliqondile: UVişnezade Mahallesi, iDolmabahçe Cd. Cha: 2, 34357, isifunda iBesiktas, Istanbul.

Amahora okuvula Isigodlo seDolmabahce e-Istanbul. Indawo ivulwa nsuku zonke kusuka ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-16: 00. Amahhovisi amathikithi avalwa ngo-15: 00. Izinsuku zokuphumula nguMsombuluko nangoLwesine.

Intengo yokungena. Sithanda ukunaka ukuthi izindleko zamathikithi eDolmabahce Palace e-Istanbul zingahluka ngokuya ngezinto ohlela ukuzivakashela. Izintengo ezilandelayo zisebenza ngonyaka ka-2018:

• Isigodlo - 60 tl
• Harem - 40 tl
• Umnyuziyamu Wewashi - 20 tl
• Isigodlo + Harem + Clock Museum - 90 tl

Isiza esisemthethweni: www.lolobayoxine.com

Amaqiniso Athandekayo

1. IDolmabahce isebenze njengesihlalo samasultan ayisithupha okugcina oMbuso Wase-Ottoman.
2. Kusetshenziswe amatshe abiza kakhulu ekuhlobiseni isigodlo, njenge-alabaster laseGibhithe, iMarmara marble kanye ne-porphyry yasePergamo.
3. Lapho isigodlo sesenze i-oda elikhulu kunawo wonke kusuka kubaphathi bedolobha laseHereke: uSultan wayala ukuthi kudalwe amatagi kasilika enziwe ngezandla ayi-131.
4. IDolmabahce ibhekwa njengesigodlo esikhulu kunazo zonke eTurkey ngokwendawo.
5. IPadishah yayivame ukunikezwa izipho, kanti enye yazo kwakuyisipho esivela kumbusi waseRussia. Kwakuyisikhumba sebhere, ekuqaleni simhlophe, kepha kamuva sidaywe mnyama ngomyalelo weSultan ngezizathu ezizwakalayo.
6. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amakhishi esigodlo atholakala ngaphandle kweDolmabahce uqobo esakhiweni esihlukile. Futhi kunencazelo yalokhu: bekukholelwa ukuthi iphunga elimnandi lokudla liphazamisa izikhulu kanye noSultan ezindabeni zomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, awekho nje amakhishi esigodlweni uqobo.

Amathiphu awusizo

Ukuze uhambo lwakho lweDolmabahce Palace luhambe kahle, sikulungiselele izincomo ezithile ezingakusiza:

1. Emnyango wemnyuziyamu, ungathatha umhlahlandlela wamahhala womsindo, ushiye amadokhumenti kwidiphozi noma ku- $ 100.
2. Akukho zivakashi ezingaphezu kwezi-3 000 ezivunyelwe ukungena esigodlweni ngosuku, ngakho-ke kuhlale kunolayini abade ehhovisi lamathikithi. Ukugwema isikhathi eside sokulinda, sikucebisa ukuthi ufike ekuseni kakhulu.
3. Ukuvakasha okugcwele kweDolmabahce kuzothatha amahora amabili kuya kwangu-3, ​​ngakho-ke thatha isikhathi sakho.
4. Eduze kwesigodlo, kunekhefi elinamanani afanele nokubukwa okuhle kweBosphorus, okufanele impela ukuvakashelwa.
5. Ungafika eDolmabahce e-Istanbul ngohambo kuphela. Ucwaningo oluzimele lwenqaba alunakwenzeka. Funda ngezinye izinkambo e-Istanbul ezivela kubahlali bendawo lapha.

6. Ukuthwebula izithombe namavidiyo endaweni engaphakathi yokuheha akuvunyelwe: i-oda lihlolwe ngokuqapha ngonogada abangagqoki iyunifomu ekhethekile, kepha behamba ngezingubo ezijwayelekile. Kepha ezinye izivakashi zisakwazi ukubamba umzuzwana futhi zenze isibhamu ezimbalwa. Ungabala isisebenzi semnyuziyamu ngokungabikho kwezembozo zezicathulo kuye. Kumele ulinde uze uzithole uphuma emkhakheni wakhe wokubuka, futhi isithombe sememori esiyigugu silungile.
7. Qiniseka ukuthi ubamba amapheshana amahhala emnyango: aqukethe nemininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo ngesigodlo.
8. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ikhadi lomnyuziyamu alisebenzeli iDolmabahce, ngakho-ke uma inqaba ukuphela kwendawo ohlela ukuyivakashela e-Istanbul, ngakho-ke akufanele uyithenge.

Umphumela

IDolmabahce Palace ingakushintsha ukuqonda kwakho ngokwakhiwa kweTurkey ngesikhathi soMbuso Wase-Ottoman. Ngaphandle kokuthi le nqaba yakhiwa ngesitayela saseYurophu, amanothi asempumalanga asalandelwa ngokusobala kuwo. Isigodlo saba uhlobo lokukhombisa iBosphorus uqobo, eyaxhuma iYurophu ne-Asia futhi yahlangana ngokuvumelanayo namasiko abo, kwaveza isiko elihluke ngokuphelele.

Imininingwane ewusizo futhi ewusizo ngokuvakashela isigodlo nayo iveziwe kule vidiyo.